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Transantiago
Red Metropolitana de Movilidad (English: ''Metropolitan Mobility Network''; named Transantiago until March 2019) is a public transport system that serves Santiago, the capital of Chile. It is considered the most ambitious transport reform undertaken by a developing country according to the World Resources Institute. The system, largely influenced by Bogotá, Colombia's TransMilenio and Curitiba, Brazil's RIT, was introduced on February 10, 2007. It standardized bus routes and eliminated redundancy of same; redundancies were commonplace in the old system, which was run by thousands of independent bus operators. The system combines local (feeder) bus lines, main bus lines and the Metro (subway) network. It includes an integrated fare system, which allows passengers to make bus-to-bus or bus-to-metro transfers for the price of one ticket, using a single contactless smart card. Transantiago's implementation was problematic, as the decreased bus fleet and the newer routes have prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago, Chile
Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose total population is 8 million which is nearly 40% of the country's population, of which more than 6 million live in the city's continuous urban area. The city is entirely in the country's central valley. Most of the city lies between above mean sea level. Founded in 1541 by the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago has been the capital city of Chile since colonial times. The city has a downtown core of 19th-century neoclassical architecture and winding side-streets, dotted by art deco, neo-gothic, and other styles. Santiago's cityscape is shaped by several stand-alone hills and the fast-flowing Mapocho River, lined by parks such as Parque Forestal and Balmaceda Park. The Andes Mountains can be seen from most point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago Metro
The Santiago Metro ( es, Metro de Santiago) is a rapid transit system serving the city of Santiago, the capital of Chile. It currently consists of seven lines (numbered 1-6 and 4A), 136 stations, and of revenue route. The system is managed by the state-owned Metro S.A. and is the first and only rapid transit system in the country. The Santiago Metro carries around 2.5 million passengers daily. This figure represents an increase of more than a million passengers per day compared to 2007, when the ambitious Transantiago project was launched, in which the metro plays an important role in the public transport system serving the city. Its highest passenger peak was reached on 2 May 2019, reaching 2,951,962 passengers. In June 2017 the government announced plans for the construction of Line 7, connecting Renca in the northwest of Santiago with Vitacura in the northeast. The new line will add 26 kilometers and 19 new stations to the Metro network, running along the municipalities of Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lo Barnechea
Lo Barnechea is a commune located in the northeastern sector of the province of Santiago and its area corresponds to 48% of this province. Its urban boundaries are: to the north with Los Andes of the Valparaíso region, to the west with Colina, to the southwest with Vitacura and Huechuraba, to the south with Las Condes and to the east with San José de Maipo. It developed around the old rural town of Lo Barnechea. Its population is heterogeneous, as it is inhabited by high and medium-high income families in sectors such as La Dehesa, Los Trapenses and El Arrayán, and also by medium-low and low income families, mainly in the town of Lo Barnechea, Población La Ermita and Cerro Dieciocho. History Lo Barnechea has had a long human occupation for thousands of years. Before the Incas, it was occupied by the Llolleo culture and the Bato tradition, and after them, the Aconcagua culture, the Promaucaes, the Incas and later the Spanish occupation. Its pre-Hispanic inhabitants w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TransMilenio
TransMilenio is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system that serves Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, and Soacha. The system opened to the public in December 2000, covering Caracas Avenue and 80 street. Other lines were added gradually over the next several years, and as of 2022, 12 lines totalling run throughout the city. It is part of the city's Integrated Public Transport System (''Sistema Integrado de Transporte Público'' ITPin Spanish), along with the urban, complementary and special bus services operating on neighbourhoods and main streets. It was inspired by Curitiba's '' Rede Integrada de Transporte'' (Integrated Transportation Network). TransMilenio consists of several interconnected BRT lines, with raised floor stations in the center of a main avenue, or "''troncal''". Passengers typically reach the stations via a bridge over the street. Usually four lanes down the center of the street are dedicated to bus traffic. The outer lanes allow express buses to bypass buses s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quilicura
Quilicura ( ; ) is a commune of Chile located in capital Santiago. Founded in 1901, it was originally a satellite city on what were then the outskirts of the city of Santiago, but as urban sprawl has set in it is now quickly urbanizing from what was recently prime agricultural land. Etymology The origin of the name Quilicura is from the Mapuche language Mapudungun and comes from the words ''kila'' meaning three and ''kura'' meaning stone. The "Three Stones" are three hills which separate the area and formed the border with Renca. Location Quilicura is located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region, at the northwestern edge of Chile's capital Santiago. It borders Renca to the south (naturally separated by Renca Hill), Pudahuel to the west, Huechuraba and Conchalí to the east, and Lampa and Colina to the north. There is little green space in comparison to wealthier neighborhoods in the city because Quilicura is still an industrial area. Demographics Accordin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sound Pollution
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them are harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.Senate Public Works Committee. ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972''. S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Congress. 2nd session Poor urban planning may give rise to noise disintegration or pollution, side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential areas. Some of the main sources of noise in residential areas include loud music, transportation (traffic, rail, airplanes, etc.), lawn care maintenance, construction, electrical generators, wind turbines, explosions, and people. Documented problems associated with noise in urban environments go back as far as ancient Rome. Research suggests that noise pollution in the United States is the hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emission Standard
Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes. They are generally designed to achieve air quality standards and to protect human life. Different regions and countries have different standards for vehicle emissions. Regulated sources Many emissions standards focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles (motor cars) and other powered vehicles. Others regulate emissions from industry, power plants, small equipment such as lawn mowers and diesel generators, and other sources of air pollution. The first automobile emissions standards were enacted in 1963 in the United States, mainly as a response to Los Angeles' smog problems. Three years later Japan enacted their first emissions rules, followed between 1970 and 1972 by Canada, Australia, and several E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French and Latin . The English word ''municipality'' derives from the Latin social contract (derived from a word meaning "duty holders"), referring to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy). A municipality can be any political jurisdiction, from a sovereign state such as the Principality of Monaco, to a small village such as West Hampton Dunes, New York. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago Centro
The Commune of Santiago is the central commune of the Santiago Province, located at the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region in Chile's Central Zone. Locally, Santiago is usually abbreviated ''Stgo.'' It is also called as "Santiago Centro" ''(Downtown Santiago)'' in order to differentiate it from Greater Santiago, a larger entity which includes Santiago Commune along with other 36 communes. History The city of Santiago was founded on February 12, 1541 as "Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura" by Pedro de Valdivia. It is officially the provincial, regional and national capital. It encompasses the oldest part of the city —that enclosed by old rail lines—, including downtown, and houses all major government infrastructure, including the government palace La Moneda. Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, the commune has an area of and a population of 200,792 (99,155 men and 101,637 women), giving it a population density of . The popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huechuraba
Huechuraba () is a city and commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. Huechuraba has a mild mediterranean climate: relatively hot dry summers (November to March) with temperatures reaching up to on the hottest days; winters (June to August) are more humid, with typical maximum daily temperatures of , and minimums of a few degrees above freezing. Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Huechuraba spans an area of and has 74,070 inhabitants (36,433 men and 37,637 women), and the commune is an entirely urban area. The population grew by 19.9% (12,286 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. The projected 2006 population was 82,200 (2006 projection) Stats *Average annual household income: $52,904 ( PPP, 2006) *Population below poverty line: 14.5% (2006) *Regional quality of life index: 73.23, medium, 31 out of 52 (2005) *Human Development Index: 0.737, 56 out of 341 (2003) Administration The Municip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conchalí
Conchalí () is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It is a northwestern suburb of Santiago. Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Conchalí spans an area of and has 133,256 inhabitants (64,973 men and 68,283 women), and the commune is an entirely urban area. The population fell by 12.9% (19663 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. Its 2006 population was projected at 120,151 persons. Stats *Average annual household income: US$24,396 ( PPP, 2006) *Population below poverty line: 8.0% (2006) *Regional quality of life index: 78.61, mid-high, 16 out of 52 (2005) *Human Development Index: 0.707, 118 out of 341 (2003) Administration As a commune, Conchalí is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde was Rubén Malvoa Hernández ( RN). The current incumbent is Carlos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smartcard
A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card) is a physical electronic authentication device, used to control access to a resource. It is typically a plastic credit card-sized card with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) chip. Many smart cards include a pattern of metal contacts to electrically connect to the internal chip. Others are contactless, and some are both. Smart cards can provide personal identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing. Applications include identification, financial, mobile phones (SIM), public transit, computer security, schools, and healthcare. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within organizations. Numerous nations have deployed smart cards throughout their populations. The universal integrated circuit card, or SIM card, is also a type of smart card. , 10.5billion smart card IC chips are manufactured annually, including 5.44billion SIM card IC chips. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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