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Toyota Calya
The Daihatsu Sigra is a car designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia since 2016 to be sold exclusively in the country. It is a mini MPV with standard three-row seating. Developed by Daihatsu chief engineer Nobuhiko Ono, it is built on lengthened Ayla's platform and positioned below the Xenia as a more affordable MPV option for the Indonesian market, where three-row MPVs have high demand in the country. It is also rebadged and sold by Toyota as the Toyota Calya with a differentiated front fascia. The cars were built to meet the " Low Cost Green Car" regulation by the Indonesian government that abolished luxury goods tax for economical cars. The Sigra was previewed by UFC, UFC2 and UFC 3 concept cars that was shown in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. The production model was unveiled on 2 August 2016 alongside the Calya and launched at the 24th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 11 August 2016. Both cars are manufactured at the Kara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daihatsu
, commonly known as Daihatsu, is a Japanese automobile manufacturer and one of the oldest surviving Japanese internal combustion engine manufacturers. The company's headquarters are located in Ikeda, Osaka Prefecture. Historically, Daihatsu was well known for building three-wheeled vehicles and off-road vehicles, while currently the company offers a range of kei car models, along with kei trucks, kei vans and other larger small cars in Japan. The company also produces entry-level compact cars in Japan and Southeast Asia, which are also supplied to global emerging markets under the Toyota brand. , Daihatsu's presence has been limited to Japan, Indonesia, and Malaysia (as Perodua), where the company has significant research and development resources, manufacturing facilities and sales operations. The company has been a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Toyota Motor Corporation since August 2016. , Daihatsu sales account for 4 per cent of the Toyota Group's vehicle sales' total. Name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Transmission
An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated to auto or AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in internal combustion engine-based motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. It typically includes a transmission, axle, and differential in one integrated assembly, thus technically becoming a transaxle. The most common type of automatic transmission is the hydraulic automatic, which uses a planetary gearset, hydraulic controls, and a torque converter. Other types of automatic transmissions include continuously variable transmissions (CVT), automated manual transmissions (AMT), and dual-clutch transmissions (DCT). An electronic automatic transmission (EAT) may also be called an electronically controlled transmission (ECT), or electronic automatic transaxle (EATX). A hydraulic automatic transmission may also colloquially called a " slushbox" or simply a "torque converter", although the latter term c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dual VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota. It was first introduced in 1995 with the '' 2JZ-GE'' engine found in the JZS155 Toyota Crown and Crown Majesta. The VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT system first introduced in 1991 with the five-valve per cylinder '' 4A-GE'' engine found in the AE101 Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno. The VVT system is a 2-stage hydraulically controlled cam phasing system. VVT-i varies the timing of the intake valves by adjusting the relationship between the camshaft drive (belt or chain) and intake camshaft. Engine oil pressure is applied to an actuator to adjust the camshaft position. Adjustments in the overlap time between the exhaust valve closing and intake valve opening result in improved engine efficiency. Variants of the system, including VVTL-i, Dual VVT-i, VVT-iE, VVT-iW and Valvematic, have followed. VVTL-i VVTL-i (Variable Valve Timing and Lift i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota. It was first introduced in 1995 with the ''2JZ-GE'' engine found in the JZS155 Toyota Crown and Crown Majesta. The VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT system first introduced in 1991 with the five-valve per cylinder '' 4A-GE'' engine found in the AE101 Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno. The VVT system is a 2-stage hydraulically controlled cam phasing system. VVT-i varies the timing of the intake valves by adjusting the relationship between the camshaft drive (belt or chain) and intake camshaft. Engine oil pressure is applied to an actuator to adjust the camshaft position. Adjustments in the overlap time between the exhaust valve closing and intake valve opening result in improved engine efficiency. Variants of the system, including VVTL-i, Dual VVT-i, VVT-iE, VVT-iW and Valvematic, have followed. VVTL-i VVTL-i (Variable Valve Timing and Lift intellig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Fuel Injection
Manifold injection is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines with external mixture formation. It is commonly used in engines with spark ignition that use petrol as fuel, such as the Otto engine, and the Wankel engine. In a manifold-injected engine, the fuel is injected into the intake manifold, where it begins forming a combustible air-fuel mixture with the air. As soon as the intake valve opens, the piston starts sucking in the still forming mixture. Usually, this mixture is relatively homogeneous, and, at least in production engines for passenger cars, approximately stoichiometric; this means that there is an even distribution of fuel and air across the combustion chamber, and enough, but not more air present than what is required for the fuel's complete combustion. The injection timing and measuring of the fuel amount can be controlled either mechanically (by a fuel distributor), or electronically (by an engine control unit). Since the 1970s and 1980s, manifol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multivalve
In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves. A multi-valve engine has better breathing and may be able to operate at higher revolutions per minute (RPM) than a two-valve engine, delivering more power. Multi-valve rationale Multi-valve engine design A multi-valve engine design has three, four, or five valves per cylinder to achieve improved performance. Any four-stroke internal combustion engine needs at least two valves per cylinder: one for ''intake'' of air (and often fuel), and another for ''exhaust'' of combustion gases. Adding more valves increases valve area and improves the flow of intake and exhaust gases, thereby enhancing combustion, volumetric efficiency, and power output. Multi-valve geometry allows the spark plug to be ideally located within the combustion chamber for optimal flame propagation. Multi-valve engines tend to have smaller valves that have lower reciprocating mass, which can redu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOHC
An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion chamber in the engine block. ''Single overhead camshaft'' (SOHC) engines have one camshaft per bank of cylinders. ''Dual overhead camshaft'' (DOHC, also known as "twin-cam".) engines have two camshafts per bank. The first production car to use a DOHC engine was built in 1910. Use of DOHC engines slowly increased from the 1940s, leading to many automobiles by the early 2000s using DOHC engines. Design In an OHC engine, the camshaft is located at the top of the engine, above the combustion chamber. This contrasts the earlier overhead valve engine (OHV) and flathead engine configurations, where the camshaft is located down in the engine block. The valves in both OHC and OHV engines are located above the combustion chamber; however an OHV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit Language
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Old Indo-Aryan language varieties. The most archaic of these is the Vedic Sanskrit found in the Rig Veda, a col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia International Auto Show
The Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show (GIIAS) is the largest auto show in Indonesia. It was started in 1986 as the Gaikindo Car Exhibition, then continued as Indonesia International Motor Show. Since 2015, the GIIAS was spun off from the Indonesia International Motor Show and is held annually at Indonesia Convention Exhibition in Tangerang, and also as series in Surabaya, Medan and Makassar. History Established in 1986, the Gaikindo Car Exhibition, hosted by Gaikindo was Indonesia’s largest automotive exhibition. In 2006, the exhibition reached a new platform by becoming an international-scale exhibition endorsed by Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA) and changed its name to Indonesia International Motor Show. Early history In 1986, the first automotive exhibition was hosted by GAIKINDO under the name of GAIKINDO Car Exhibition, and 13 GAIKINDO members took part. In 1989, the exhibition changed its name to Jakarta Auto Expo. In 1994, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)
Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) ( id, Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Empat Hemat Energi dan Harga Terjangkau (KBH2), , Energy Efficient and Affordable Automobiles) is an Indonesian automobile regulation which exempts low-cost and energy-efficient cars from luxury sales tax to ensure the affordability, provided they are assembled locally with a minimum amount of local components. The introduction of LCGC in Indonesia was meant to encourage the motorcycle owners/public transportation users to be able to afford their first cars, to reduce fuel subsidy and to compete with Thailand-imported cars, thus creating more jobs locally. In some aspects, the regulation is similar to the Japanese kei car category and Thai Eco Car program which also reduce taxes for small and efficient cars. Specifications Ministry of Industry regulates LCGC to conform with the following initial specifications: * Petrol engine, range of capacity 980–1,200 cc (0.98-1.2 L) with fuel consumption not lower than , * Research O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota
is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year. The company was originally founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Type A engine in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which would give rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota Production System (a lean manufacturing practice) that would transform the small company into a leader in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebadge
In the automotive industry, rebadging is a form of market segmentation used by automobile manufacturers around the world. To allow for product differentiation without designing or engineering a new model or brand (at high cost or risk), a manufacturer creates a distinct automobile by applying a new "badge" or trademark (brand, logo, or manufacturer's name/make/marque) to an existing product line. Rebadging is also known as ''rebranding'' and ''badge engineering''; the latter is an intentionally ironic misnomer, in that little or no actual engineering takes place. The term originated with the practice of replacing an automobile's emblems to create an ostensibly new model sold by a different maker. Changes may be confined to swapping badges and emblems, or may encompass minor styling differences, as with cosmetic changes to headlights, taillights, front and rear fascias and outer body skins. More extreme examples involve differing engines and drivetrains. The objective is "to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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