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Timeline Of Islamic History
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non- Muslims to be when Islam started, though not by Muslims.Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5. Broad periods (Gregorian and Islamic dates) ;Muhammad and the Rashidun Caliphs * 6th century CE (13 BH – 23 AH) ;The Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate and its fragmentation, the Mamluk Sultanate, the Delhi Sultanate * 7th century CE (23 AH – 81 AH) * 8th century CE (81 AH – 184 AH) * 9th century CE (184 AH – 288 AH) * 10th century CE (288 AH – 391 AH) * 11th century CE (391 AH – 494 AH) * 12th century CE (494 AH – 597 AH) * 13th century CE (597 AH – 700 AH) * 14th century CE (700 AH – 803 AH) ;Regional empires and dynasties (Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire) * 15th century CE (803 AH – 906 AH) * 16th century CE (906 AH – 1009 AH) * 17th century CE (1009 AH – 1112 AH) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorian Calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years differently so as to make the average calendar year 365.2425 days long, more closely approximating the 365.2422-day 'tropical' or 'solar' year that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun. The rule for leap years is: There were two reasons to establish the Gregorian calendar. First, the Julian calendar assumed incorrectly that the average solar year is exactly 365.25 days long, an overestimate of a little under one day per century, and thus has a leap year every four years without exception. The Gregorian reform shortened the average (calendar) year by 0.0075 days to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes.See Wikisource English translation of the (Latin) 1582 papal bull '' Inter gravissimas''. Second, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of 10th-century Muslim History
10th century (901–1000 CE / 288–391 AH) * 902: Death of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid; al-Muktafi becomes Caliph. Death of the Saffarid ruler Amr bin Laith. Fall of Taormina signals the completion of the Muslim conquest of Sicily. * 903: Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu-Sa'id Jannabi; accession of Abu Tahir al-Jannabi. * 905: Abdallah bin Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt. * 908: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; accession of al-Muqtadir. End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids. * 909: Sa'id ibn Husayn, with the help of his chief missionary-commander Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i overthrows the Aghlabids and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa at which time he changes his title to Imam Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah. The Aghlabid Ziyadat Allah is thus expelled from the region, and with him the final remnants of Sunni Muslim rule in North Africa. * 912: Death of the Umayyad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonialism
Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their religion, language, economics, and other cultural practices. The foreign administrators rule the territory in pursuit of their interests, seeking to benefit from the colonised region's people and resources. It is associated with but distinct from imperialism. Though colonialism has existed since ancient times, the concept is most strongly associated with the European colonial period starting with the 15th century when some European states established colonising empires. At first, European colonising countries followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy, so agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country). By the mid-19th century, the British Empire gave up me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of 19th-century Muslim History
19th century (1801–1900) (1215 AH – 1318 AH) * 1803: Seikh Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud assassinated. Shah Shuja proclaimed King of Afghanistan. * 1804: Uprising under George Petrovich against Janissary garrison at Belgrade marked beginning of Serbian Revolution. * 1804: Othman dan Fodio established Islamic State of Sokoto in Northern Nigeria. * 1805: Saud bin Abdul Aziz captured Medina defeating the Ottoman Empire garrison. * 1805: Faraizi movement launched in Bengal. * 1805: Sultan Selim III yields to the demand that Muhammad Ali be appointed wāli of Egypt. * 1806: Khanate of Khiva came into limelight under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan. * 1807: Selim III deposed by Janissaries. * 1807: Darqawi sect revolted against Turkish domination. * 1807: Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria. * 1808: Bairakdar, the ''ayan'' of Rusçuk, having arrived in Constantinople too late to restore Selim III (who had been strangled), installed Mahmud II, the sole surviving memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of 18th-century Muslim History
18th century (1701–1800) (1112 AH – 1215 AH) * 1703: In Ottoman Empire Ahmed III becomes the Sultan. Birth of Shah Wali Ullah. Birth of the religious reformer Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab. * 1707: Death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, accession of his son Bahadur Shah. * 1711: War between Ottoman Empire and Russia (Russo-Turkish War (1710–11)). Russia defeated at the Battle of Pruth and Treaty of the Pruth signed. * 1712: Death of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I, accession of Jahandar Shah. * 1713: Jahandar Shah overthrown by his nephew Farrukhsiyar. * 1715: In Ottoman Empire the peninsula of Morea and other Adriatic fortresses that had been ceded to Venetian Republic are reconquered. * 1716: Defeat of Ottoman Empire armies by the Austrians under Prince Eugene of Savoy at Battle of Peterwardein and loss of strategic fortress of Temesvar. * 1718: In the war against Austria, Ottoman Empire suffers continuing defeat and loss of fortress of Belgrade. By the Treaty of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of 17th-century Muslim History
17th century (1601–1700) (1009 AH – 1112 AH) * 1601: Khandesh annexed by the Mughals. * 1603: Battle of Urmiyah. The Ottoman Empire suffers defeat. Persia occupies Tabriz, Mesopotamia. Mosul and Diyarbekr. Death of Mehmed III, accession of Ahmed I; see Sultans of the Ottoman Empire . * 1604: In Dutch Indonesia, death of Alauddin Rayat Shah, Sultan of Acheh, accession of Ali Rayat Shah III. * 1605: Death of the Mughal emperor Jalal-ud-Din Akbar; accession of Jahangir. * 1607: Annexation of Ahmadnagar by the Mughals. * 1609: Annexation of Bidar by the Mughals. * 1611: Kuch Behar subjugated by the Mughals. * 1612: Kamrup annexed by the Mughals. * 1617: Death of Ahmed I; accession of Mustafa I; see Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. British East India Company begins trading with Mughal India. * 1618: Tipperah annexed by the Mughals. * 1620: In Ottoman Empire, deposition of Mustafa; accession of Osman II, see Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. * 1623: In Ottoman Empire, Mustafa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of 16th-century Muslim History
16th century (1501–2100) (906 AH – 1009 AH) 1500 - 1509 Persia * 1501: Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion. * 1507: The Kingdom of Portugal under Alfonso d'Albuquerque establishes trading outposts in the Persian Gulf.. Golden Horde * 1502: The Golden Horde collapses into a number of smaller khanates. Ak Koyunlu * 1508: Ak Koyunlu is absorbed by the Safavids. 1510 - 1519 Malaysia * 1511: D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca. Kazakh Khanate * 1511: Burunduk Khan is deposed by the people and exiled to Samarkand, where he dies. His cousin Qasim bin Janibek Khan succeeds him as the fourth ruler of the Kazakh Khanate. * 1515: The Kazakhs under Qasim bin Janibek Khan conquer all of modern-day Kazakhstan after a decisive victory in battle over Qasim's cousin Muhammad Shaybani, ruler of the Uzbek Khanate. The Kazakhs rule all of modern-day Kazakhstan from this point on. Ottoman Empire * 1514: Sultan Selim I defeats Saf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of 15th-century Muslim History
This is a timeline of major events in the Muslim world from 1400 AD to 1499 AD (803 AH – 905 AH). 1400–1409 Golden Horde * ca. 1400: Temur Qutlugh dies and is succeeded by Shadi Beg. * 1407: Shadi Beg is deposed and Edigu installs Pulad Khan as his successor. Mamluk Empire *1400: The Burji Mamluks lose Syria to Tamerlane. Ottoman Empire * 1402–1403: Beyazid I is defeated at the Battle of Ankara and taken captive by Tamerlane. An interregnum period begins when the sons of Beyazid I compete for the Ottoman throne. Timurid Empire * 1405: Tamerlane dies and is succeeded by his son, Shah Rukh. 1410–1419 Golden Horde * 1410: Pulad Khan is deposed in favor of Timur. * 1412: Timur is deposed in favor of Jalal ad-Din khan, the first of Tokhtamysh's sons to take power since his death. * 1413: Jalal ad-Din khan is deposed in favor of his brother, Karim Berdi. * 1414: Karim Berdi is deposed in favor of Kebek. * 1416: Kebek Khan is deposed in favor of Yeremferden, the broth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the dynasty and the empire itself became indisputably Indian. The interests and futures of all concerned were in India, not in ancestral homelands in the Middle East or Central Asia. Furthermore, the Mughal empire emerged from the Indian historical experience. It was the end product of a millennium of Muslim conquest, colonization, and state-building in the Indian subcontinent." For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India. Quote: "The realm so defined and governed was a vast territory of some , rang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safavid Empire
Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. An Iranian dynasty rooted in the Sufi Safavid order founded by Kurdish sheikhs, it heavily intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic GreekAnthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29'' (1975), Appendix II "Genealogy of the Muslim Marriages of the Princesses of Trebizond" dignitaries and was Turkish-speaking and Turkified. From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of 14th-century Muslim History
''The names of people, battles, and places need to be spelled as they are on other articles title and then wikified.'' 14th century (1301–1400) (700 AH – 803 AH) * 1301: In Bengal, Rukunuddin Kaikaus, the king of Bengal dies and is succeeded by his brother Shamsuddin Firoz Shah. * 1302: In Granada, Muhammad II dies and is succeeded by Muhammad III. * 1304: In the Mongol Ilkhanate, Ghazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Khudabanda Oljeitu. * 1304: In Algeria, Uthman dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Zayyan Muhammad. * 1305: In the Khalji Empire, Alauddin Khalji conquers Rajputana. * 1306: In the Chagatai Khanate, Duwa dies and is succeeded by his son Konchek. * 1307: In Morocco, the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf is assassinated; Abu Thabit accedes to the throne. * 1308: In the Chagatai Khanate, Konchek is deposed and Taliqu takes power. * 1308: In Algeria, Abu Zayyan Muhammad and is succeeded by his brother Abu Hammu Musa. In Morocco, Abu Thabit is overthrown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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