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Timeline Of 15th-century Muslim History
This is a timeline of major events in the Muslim world from 1400 AD to 1499 AD (803 AH – 905 AH). 1400–1409 Golden Horde * ca. 1400: Temur Qutlugh dies and is succeeded by Shadi Beg. * 1407: Shadi Beg is deposed and Edigu installs Pulad Khan as his successor. Mamluk Empire *1400: The Burji Mamluks lose Syria to Tamerlane. Ottoman Empire * 1402–1403: Beyazid I is defeated at the Battle of Ankara and taken captive by Tamerlane. An interregnum period begins when the sons of Beyazid I compete for the Ottoman throne. Timurid Empire * 1405: Tamerlane dies and is succeeded by his son, Shah Rukh. 1410–1419 Golden Horde * 1410: Pulad Khan is deposed in favor of Timur. * 1412: Timur is deposed in favor of Jalal ad-Din khan, the first of Tokhtamysh's sons to take power since his death. * 1413: Jalal ad-Din khan is deposed in favor of his brother, Karim Berdi. * 1414: Karim Berdi is deposed in favor of Kebek. * 1416: Kebek Khan is deposed in favor of Yeremferden, the broth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temur Qutlugh
Timur, Temur, Temür, Temir or Tömör is a masculine Turkic and Mongolic given name which literally means ''iron''. It is a cognate of the Bosnian and Turkish name Demir. In Indonesian, timur translates to ''east'', and symbolizes hope by the rising sun. Timur (russian: Тиму́р) is also a popular name for boys in post-Soviet states, due in part to its usage in the novel ''Timur and His Squad'' by Arkady Gaidar. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Historical * Möngke Temür (d.1280), khan of the Golden Horde * Several rulers from the Chinese-Mongol Yuan Dynasty. ** Temür Khan ( 1294–1307), the second ruler of the Yuan dynasty ** Tugh Temür, better known as Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan ( 1328–1332) ** Toghon Temür ( 1333–1370) ** Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür ( 1378–1388) ** Yesün Temür ( 1323–1328) ** Öljei Temür Khan, ( 1408–1412) * Köke Temür, a Yuan dynasty general * Timur (1336–1405), a Central Asian ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawlat Berdi
Dawlat Berdi ( fa, ; died 1432), also known as Devlet Berdi, was a Khan of the Golden Horde who reigned from 1419 to 1421, and again from 1428 to his death in 1432. He was the son of Jabbar Berdi and a descendant of Berke Khan. Life His first reign was brief, lasting from 1419 to 1421, when he and his rival Ulugh Muhammad were defeated by Baraq. After Baraq's assassination in 1427, Dawlat established himself in Crimea. Ulugh Muhammad attempted an invasion of his territory in 1430, but was unable to defeat Berdi and retreated following the death of Vytautas, his main supporter. Due to the efforts of Hacı I Giray Dawlat was never able to consolidate control over Crimea and was assassinated in 1432. His son, Äxmät, proved unable to resist the combined forces of Ulugh Muhammad and the Crimean Tatars and was defeated the following year, leading to the creation of the Crimean Khanate. An unnamed daughter may have become the wife of John IV of Trebizond. Genealogy *Genghis Khan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafsid Dynasty
The Hafsids ( ar, الحفصيون ) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descentC. Magbaily Fyle, ''Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa'', (University Press of America, 1999), 84. who ruled Ifriqiya (western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574. History Almohad Ifriqiya The Hafsids were of Berber descent, although to further legitimize their rule, they claimed Arab ancestry from the second Rashidun Caliph Omar. The ancestor of the dynasty and from whom their name is derived was Abu Hafs Umar ibn Yahya al-Hintati, a Berber from the Hintata tribal confederation, which belonged to the greater Masmuda confederation of Morocco. He was a member of the council of ten and a close companion of Ibn Tumart. His original Berber name was "Faskat u-Mzal Inti", which later was changed to "Abu Hafs Umar ibn Yahya al-Hintati" (also known as "Umar Inti") since it was a tradition of Ibn Tumart to rename his close companions once they had ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Haq (15th Century Prince)
ʻAbd al-Ḥaqq ( ALA-LC romanization of ar, عبد الحقّ) is an Arabic male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words '' ʻabd'' and ''al-Ḥaqq'', one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the Truth". It may refer to: People *Abd al-Haqq I (died 1217), Marinid sheikh (Morocco) **Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq (died 1240), son of Abd al-Haqq I **Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq (died 1244), son of Abd al-Haqq I **Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq (died 1258), son of Abd al-Haqq I ** Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq (died 1286), son of Abd al-Haqq I *Abdul Haque (1918–1997), Bangladeshi author *Abdul Hoque (1930–1971), Bangladeshi politician *Abu Mohammed Abd el-Hakh Ibn Sabin (1217–1269), Spanish Sufi philosopher *Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi (1551–1642), Indian scholar *Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan (1851–1937), Turkish playwright and poet *Maulvi Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar) (1872–1961), Pakistani Urdu-l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Said Othman
Abu or ABU may refer to: Places * Abu (volcano), a volcano on the island of Honshū in Japan * Abu, Yamaguchi, a town in Japan * Ahmadu Bello University, a university located in Zaria, Nigeria * Atlantic Baptist University, a Christian university located in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada * Elephantine, Egypt, known as Abu to the Ancient Egyptians * A. A. Bere Tallo Airport (IATA: ABU), in Atambua, Indonesia * Mount Abu, the highest mountain in the Indian state of Rajasthan People * Abu (Arabic term), a component of some Arabic names * Ab (Semitic), a common part of Arabic-derived names, meaning "father of" in Arabic * Abu al-Faraj (other) * Abu Baker Asvat, a murdered South African activist and medical doctor * Abu Ibrahim (other) * Abu Mohammed (other) * Abu Salim (other) *Abdul-Malik Abu (born 1995), American basketball player in the Israeli Premier Basketball League * Raneo Abu, Filipino politician Other uses * Abu (god), a minor god of vege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qara Iskander
Qara Iskandar ( az, قارا اسکندر, italic=no; ) ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue developing what he inherited from his father Qara Yusuf and his reign saw the decline and attenuation of the Qara Qoyunlu. During Qara Yusuf's reign Details about his early years is not known, including where and when he was born. He was third son of Qara Yusuf and a full brother of Ispend. He was appointed to be a wali of Kirkuk and his first appearance was in 1416, where he defeated Qara Osman when he was besieging Erzincan. Succession Qara Yusuf's death in 1420 left his sons Ispend bin Yusuf, Iskander, Jahan Shah and Abu Abu Said fighting over the succession. The Sa’dlu tribe, one of the main sub-tribes of the Qara Qoyunlu, declared Ispend who was in Chokhur-e Sa'd province at that time as their new chief. Abu Sa’id had to flee and Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qara Yusuf
''Abu Nasr'' Qara Yusuf ibn Mohammad Barani ( az, Qara Yusif ; c. 1356 – 1420) was the ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty (or "Black Sheep Turkomans") from c.1388 to 1420, although his reign was interrupted by Tamerlane's invasion (1400–1405). He was the son of Qara Mahammad Töremish, a brother-in-law to Ahmad Jalayir. Rise to chiefdom After his father's death in rebellion by Pir Hasan, Qara Qoyunlu elders gathered to choose his brother Khwaja Misr, however more energetic Qara Yusuf prevailed in succession. He made short-term alliance with Qara Osman against Pir Hasan and crushed his forces. Early reign At the beginning of Qara Yusuf's reign, the Qara Qoyunlu established an alliance with the Jalayirid dynasty in Baghdad and Tabriz against Aq Qoyunlu. However, he was soon captured and jailed in Suşehri. Not long after, he was released after his aunt Tatar Hatun paid ransom to Qara Yuluq. Soon Jalayirids and Qara Qoyunlu both were threatened by the Timurids from the east. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vytautas The Great
Vytautas (c. 135027 October 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian: ', be, Вітаўт, ''Vitaŭt'', pl, Witold Kiejstutowicz, ''Witold Aleksander'' or ''Witold Wielki'' Ruthenian: ''Vitovt'', Latin: ''Alexander Vitoldus'', Old German: ''Wythaws or Wythawt'') from the late 14th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was also the Prince of Grodno (1370–1382), Prince of Lutsk (1387–1389), and the postulated king of the Hussites. In modern Lithuania, Vytautas is revered as a national hero and was an important figure in the national rebirth in the 19th century. ''Vytautas'' is a popular male given name in Lithuania. In commemoration of the 500-year anniversary of his death, Vytautas Magnus University was named after him. Monuments in his honour were built in many towns in the independent Lithuania during the interwar period from 1918 to 1939. It is known that Vytautas himself knew and spoke in the Lithuanian language with Jogaila. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania shares land borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest. It has a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west on the Baltic Sea. Lithuania covers an area of , with a population of 2.8 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian language, Lithuanian, one of only a few living Baltic languages. For millennia the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Balts, Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, Monarchy of Lithuania, becoming king and founding the Kingdom of Lithuania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baraq (Khan Of Golden Horde)
Barak ( fa, ) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1423 to 1429. His father was Quyurchuq, the son of Urus Khan, who was a descendant of Tuqa-Timur, the son of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. Barak took support from Ulugh Beg, the Timurid khan, and in 1422 he dethroned Kepek, Ulugh Muhammad as well as Dawlat Berdi, khans of the Golden Horde. And Barak Khan reoccupied Sighnak from the Timurids. However, he was defeated in 1427 by Ulugh Muhammad and was promptly assassinated by Jochi's descendant, Mohammed, who claimed the steppe between the Ural and Syr Darya rivers for his dynasty. In the 1460s, Barak’s sons, Kirai and Janibek rebelled against Abu'l-Khayr Khan and they immigrated to the environs of Jeti Su (Seven Rivers) and established the Kazakh Khanate. Genealogy *Genghis Khan *Jochi *Tuqa-Timur *Urung-Timur (Uz-Timur, Urungbash) *Achiq *Taqtaq *Timur Khwaja *Badiq * Urus (?-1377) *Quyurchuq * Barak Khan (?-1429) * Janibek (1428-1480) * Kasym Khan Qasim bin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean Peninsula
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a population of 2.4 million. The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Sivash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. Crimea (called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period) has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. Greeks colonized its southern fringe and were absorbed by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Sarai
The siege of Sarai (July - August 1420) was a siege of Sarai, the nominal capital of the Golden Horde. Background After the death of Yeremferden both Dawlat Berdi and Olugh Mokhammad sought control of the Golden Horde. Berdi, who was Yeremferden's son, found himself limited to the Crimea. Mokhammad, on the other hand, held Sarai and had recently gained control of the Nogai Horde, raising his status immeasurably. In addition, Mokhammad had defeated Dawlat's soldiers in several small skirmishes. In retaliation, Berdi marched on Sarai in July 1420.Grousset, Rene: ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', pg. 179 - 180. Rutgers University Press, 1970. Siege Sarai was poorly defended at the time and Mokhammad found himself ill-prepared for an attack. In early August he mustered his forces and managed to break the siege long enough to escape. Berdi's forces subsequently occupied the city. Aftermath Mokhammad fled to his Nogai vassals, where he still held power, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
