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Thado Minbya
Thado Minbya ( my, သတိုးမင်းဖျား, ; also spelt as Thadominbya; 7 December 1345 – 3 September 1367) was the founder of the Kingdom of Ava. In his three plus years of reign (1364–67), the king laid the foundation for the reunification of Central Burma, which had been split into Pinya and Sagaing kingdoms since 1315. He also founded the capital city of Ava (Inwa) in 1365, which would remain the country's capital for most of the following five centuries. The young king restored order in central Burma, and tried to stamp out corrupt Buddhist clergy. He died of smallpox while on a southern military expedition in September 1367. The 21-year-old king left no heirs. He was succeeded by his brother-in-law Swa Saw Ke. Early life Thado Minbya was born Rahula to Princess Soe Min Kodawgyi of Sagaing and Viceroy Thado Hsinhtein of Tagaung in 1345.Zata 1960: 46Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 392 From his mother's side, he was a grandson of King Saw Yun, the founder of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inwa
Inwa (, or ; also spelled Innwa; formerly known as Ava), located in Mandalay Region, Myanmar, is an ancient imperial capital of successive Burmese kingdoms from the 14th to 19th centuries. Throughout history, it was sacked and rebuilt numerous times. The capital city was finally abandoned after it was destroyed by a series of major earthquakes in March 1839. Though only a few traces of its former grandeur remain today, the former capital is a popular day-trip tourist destination from Mandalay. Etymology The name Inwa (အင်းဝ) literally means "mouth of the Lake", reflecting its geographical location at the mouth of lakes in the Kyaukse District. Another theory states that it is derived from ''Innawa'' (), meaning "nine lakes" in the area.Khin Khin Aye 2007: 60 The city's classical name in Pali is ''Ratanapura'' (ရတနပုရ; "City of Gems"). The modern standard Burmese pronunciation is ''Inwa'' (), following the modern orthography. But the local Upper Burmese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theravada Buddhism
''Theravāda'' () ( si, ථේරවාදය, my, ထေရဝါဒ, th, เถรวาท, km, ថេរវាទ, lo, ເຖຣະວາດ, pi, , ) is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school's adherents, termed Theravādins, have preserved their version of Gautama Buddha's teaching or ''Dharma (Buddhism), Buddha Dhamma'' in the Pāli Canon for over two millennia. The Pāli Canon is the most complete Buddhist canon surviving in a Indo-Aryan languages, classical Indian language, Pali, Pāli, which serves as the school's sacred language and ''lingua franca''.Crosby, Kate (2013), ''Theravada Buddhism: Continuity, Diversity, and Identity'', p. 2. In contrast to ''Mahāyāna'' and ''Vajrayāna'', Theravāda tends to be conservative in matters of doctrine (''pariyatti'') and monastic discipline (''vinaya''). One element of this conservatism is the fact that Theravāda rejects the authenticity of the Mahayana sutras (which appeared c. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Burmese
Old Burmese was an early form of the Burmese language, as attested in the stone inscriptions of Pagan, and is the oldest phase of Burmese linguistic history. The transition to Middle Burmese occurred in the 16th century. The transition to Middle Burmese included phonological changes (e.g. mergers of sound pairs that were distinct in Old Burmese) as well as accompanying changes in the underlying orthography. Word order, grammatical structure and vocabulary have remained markedly comparable, well into Modern Burmese, with the exception of lexical content (e.g. function words). Phonology Unlike most Tibeto-Burman languages, Burmese has a phonological system with two-way aspiration: preaspiration (e.g. ''hma.'' vs. ''ma.'') and postaspiration (e.g. ''kha.'' vs. ''ka.''). In Burmese, this distinction serves to differentiate causative and non-causative verbs of Sino-Tibetan etymology. In Old Burmese, postaspiration can be reconstructed to the proto-Burmese language, whereas prea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Purves Phayre
Sir Arthur Purves Phayre (7 May 1812 – 14 December 1885) was a career British Indian Army officer who was the first Commissioner of British Burma, 1862–1867, Governor of Mauritius, 1874–1878, and author. His brother, Sir Robert Phayre (1820–1897), also served in India. They were part of the Phayre family, of which Lt Col Robert Phayre, who served the British administration in Ireland in the 17th century, also had the death warrant of Charles I addressed to him and two other Colonels. Descendants: Colonel Robert Bernard Phayre MC 2/4th Prince of Wales Own Gurkha Rifles, son Colonel Robert Desmond Hensley Phayre Royal Artillery, son Lt Col Robert (Robin) Dermot Spinks Phayre LI, cousin Col Terence Peter Phayre Knott MC RM, of whom son Captain Robert Knott AAC changed name by deed poll to Phayre, to prevent family name dying out, lives in Kenya. Early life Phayre was born in Shrewsbury and educated at Shrewsbury School. He joined the Indian Army in 1828. In 1846 he was ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan People
The Shan people ( shn, တႆး; , my, ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; ), also known as the Tai Long, or Tai Yai are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan are the biggest minority of Burma (Myanmar) and primarily live in the Shan State of this country, but also inhabit parts of Mandalay Region, Kachin State, and Kayin State, and in adjacent regions of China ( Dai people), Laos, Assam (Ahom people) and Thailand. Though no reliable census has been taken in Burma since 1935, the Shan are estimated to number 4–6 million, with CIA Factbook giving an estimate of five million spread throughout Myanmar which is about 10% of the overall Burmese population. 'Shan' is a generic term for all Tai-speaking peoples within Myanmar (Burma). The capital of Shan State is Taunggyi, the fifth-largest city in Myanmar with about 390,000 people. Other major cities include Thibaw (Hsipaw), Lashio, Kengtung and Tachileik. Etymology The Shan use the endonym Tai (တႆး) in r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Rule In Burma
( Burmese) , conventional_long_name = Colony of Burma , common_name = Burma , era = Colonial era , event_start = First Anglo-Burmese War , year_start = 1824 , date_start = 5 March , event_end = Independence declared , year_end = 1948 , date_end = 4 January , life_span = 1824–1948 , event1 = Anglo-Burmese Wars , date_event1 = 1824–1826, 1852–1853, 1885 , event2 = Separation from British India , date_event2 = 1937 ( Government of Burma Act) , event3 = Japanese and Thai occupation , date_event3 = 1942–1945 , p1 = British Raj , flag_p1 = British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg , p2 = Konbaung Dynasty , flag_p2 = Flag of Konbaung Dynasty (Nonrectangular).svg , p3 = State of Burma , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tagaung
Tagaung is a town in Mandalay Region of Myanmar (Burma). It is situated on the east bank of the Ayeyarwady River, 127 miles north of Mandalay. Etymology "Tagaung" derives from the Shan language term "Takawng" ( shn, တႃႈၵွင်; ), which means "drum ferry." Transport The Ayeyarwady remains the principal means to reach Tagaung. It is linked to Mandalay and to Kachin State in the north also by the Mandalay-Tagaung- Shwegu-Bhamo-Myitkyina Union Highway. History Pre-Christian era and first millennium The 19th-century chronicle ''Hmannan Yazawin'' introduces Tagaung as the very first capital of Burma, along with the adage ''Myanmar asa Tagaung ga'' (Myanmar starts from Tagaung), and it was the ancient capital of the Pyu, who were the forerunners of the Burmese people. Its history is steeped in myth and legend. The city is said to have been founded in 850 BC by King Abhiraja of the Sakya clan from Kapilavastu in India, before the time of the Buddha. It has a very importa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyawswa Of Pagan
Kyawswa ( my, ကျော်စွာ, ; 2 August 1260 – 10 May 1299) was king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1289 to 1297. Son of the last sovereign king of Pagan Narathihapate, Kyawswa was one of many "kings" that emerged after the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287. Though still styled as King of Pagan, Kyawswa's effective rule amounted to just the area around Pagan city. Felt threatened by the three brothers of Myinsaing, who were nominally his viceroys, Kyawswa decided to become a vassal of the Yuan dynasty, and received such recognition from the Yuan in March 1297. He was ousted by the brothers in December 1297 and killed, along with his son, Theingapati, on 10 May 1299. Early life Kyawswa was a son of King Narathihapate and Queen Shin Hpa of Pagan, Shin Hpa. He was born on 2 August 1260. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 349 Reign Kyawswa was the governor of Dala (modern Twante) in 1285 when hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thihathu
Thihathu ( my, သီဟသူ, ; 1265–1325) was a co-founder of the Myinsaing Kingdom, and the founder of the Pinya Kingdom in today's central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 Thihathu was the youngest and most ambitious of the three brothers that successfully defended central Burma from Mongol invasions in 1287 and in 1300–01. He and his brothers toppled the regime at Pagan in 1297, and co-ruled central Burma. After his eldest brother Athinkhaya's death in 1310, Thihathu pushed aside the middle brother Yazathingyan, and took over as the sole ruler of central Burma. His decision to designate his adopted son Uzana I heir-apparent caused his eldest biological son, Saw Yun to set up a rival power center in Sagaing in 1315. Although Saw Yun nominally remained loyal to his father, after Thihathu's death in 1325, the two houses of Myinsaing officially became rival kingdoms in central Burma. Early life Thihathu was born in 1265 to a prominent family in Myinsaing in Central Burm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyaswa Of Sagaing
, image = , caption = , reign = August 1339 – March 1349 , coronation = , succession = King of Sagaing , predecessor = Anawrahta I , successor = Anawrahta II , suc-type = Successor , reg-type = Chief Minister , regent = Nanda Pakyan , spouse = Saw Pa Oh , issue = Saw Sala , issue-link = , full name = , house = Myinsaing , father = Saw Yun , mother = Saw Hnaung , birth_date = 9 April 1323 Saturday, 4th waxing of Kason 685 ME , birth_place = Sagaing, Sagaing Kingdom , death_date = March 1349 (aged 25) Late Tagu 710 ME , death_place = Sagaing, Sagaing Kingdom , date of burial = , place of burial = , religion = Theravada Buddhism , signature = Kyaswa of Sagaing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saw Yun
, image = , caption = , reign = 15 May 1315 – 5 February 1327 , coronation = , succession = King of Sagaing , predecessor = Thihathu , successor = Tarabya I , suc-type = Successor , reg-type = , regent = , spouse = Saw Hnaung , issue = Soe Min Kyaswa Nawrahta Minye Tarabya II , issue-link = , full name = , house = Myinsaing , father = Thihathu , mother = Yadanabon , birth_date = 1299 Monday, 661 ME , birth_place = Pinle, Myinsaing Kingdom , death_date = 5 February 1327 (aged 27) Thursday, Full moon of Tabaung 688 ME , death_place = Sagaing, Sagaing Kingdom , date of burial = , place of burial = , religion = Theravada Buddhism , signature = Athinhka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making it the only human disease to be eradicated. The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of ulcers in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days, the skin rash turned into the characteristic fluid-filled blisters with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was spread between people or via contaminated objects. Prevention was achieved mainly through the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medication may have helped. The risk of death was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often, those who survived had extensive scarring of their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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