Tethininae
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Tethininae
Tethininae, formally the family Tethinidae is a paraphyletic group of tiny drab-coloured or grey Acalyptratae flies. There are over 115 species in 7 genera known from all zoogeographic regions. They are inconspicuous flies which are still poorly known in some remote, huge, tropical areas (e.g. South America). Natural history Tethininae are found in maritime, often littoral habitats. The adults are sometimes abundant in rotting seaweed. A few species occur inland, in association with alkaline habitats in arid zones. Except for the subantarctic genera ''Apetaenus'' and ''Listriomastax'', little is known about the immature stages of the family, although presumably most are associated with rotting seaweed. Workers in dipterology which are unfamiliar with tethinids often associate these flies with the presence of seashores, particularly sandy beaches and coastal lagoons. This is true for most strictly thalassophilous species, which occur on dunes, sandy soil and wrack heaps stranded o ...
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Tethina Lusitanica
''Tethina'' is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). They are found in all terrestrial biogeographic realms. Biology Like most Tethininae, ''Tethina'' species mostly live in salty environments. They are found on coastal marine habitats including the intertidal zones and on wrack heaps, as well as salt marshes, coastal dune vegetation, and on salty soils or bare sand. Some species of ''Tethina'' are also found at desert oases. Species *'' T. acrostichalis'' Freidberg and Beschovski, 1996 *'' T. albitarsa'' Foster and Mathis, 1998 *'' T. alboguttata'' (Strobl, 1900) *'' T. albosetulosa'' (Strobl, 1900) *'' T. albula'' ( Loew, 1869) *'' T. amphitrite'' Munari and Báez, 2000 *'' T. angustifrons'' Melander, 1952 *'' T. angustipennis'' ( Melander, 1952) *'' T. callosirostris'' Munari, 2008 *'' T. cohiba'' Foster and Mathis, 1998 *'' T. czernyi'' (Hendel, 1934) *'' T. dunae'' Munari, 2007 *'' T. flavigenis'' (Hendel, 1934) *'' T. flavoidea'' Beschovski, ...
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Tethina
''Tethina'' is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). They are found in all terrestrial biogeographic realms. Biology Like most Tethininae, ''Tethina'' species mostly live in salty environments. They are found on coastal marine habitats including the intertidal zones and on wrack heaps, as well as salt marshes, coastal dune vegetation, and on salty soils or bare sand. Some species of ''Tethina'' are also found at desert oases. Species *'' T. acrostichalis'' Freidberg and Beschovski, 1996 *'' T. albitarsa'' Foster and Mathis, 1998 *'' T. alboguttata'' (Strobl, 1900) *'' T. albosetulosa'' (Strobl, 1900) *'' T. albula'' ( Loew, 1869) *'' T. amphitrite'' Munari and Báez, 2000 *'' T. angustifrons'' Melander, 1952 *'' T. angustipennis'' ( Melander, 1952) *'' T. callosirostris'' Munari, 2008 *'' T. cohiba'' Foster and Mathis, 1998 *'' T. czernyi'' (Hendel, 1934) *'' T. dunae'' Munari, 2007 *'' T. flavigenis'' (Hendel, 1934) *'' T. flavoidea'' Beschovs ...
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Canacidae
Canacidae, incorrectly Canaceidae, or beach flies, surf or surge flies, is a family of Diptera. There are 113 species in 12 genera. The family now includes Tethininae as a subfamily. Family description For terms see Morphology of Diptera. Minute (1.6–5 mm) yellow, grey or grey-brown pruinose flies with whitish to greyish markings. The head is large with small antenna bearing bare to pubescent arista. The "mouth" is a large oval opening. There are three or four pairs of orbital bristles on the head directed outward (inset upswept). Postvertical bristles are absent but diverging pseudopostocellar bristles are present. Other head bristles present are ocellar bristles, 2-5 pairs of frontal bristles, curving outward, interfrontal bristles and vibrissae ("whiskers"). The genae are high with 1 or more upcurving bristles. Tibiae are without a dorsal preapical bristle. The wing is unmarked in almost all species. The costa has a subcostal break; the subcosta is parallel to vei ...
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Thitena
''Thitena'' is a genus of beach flies, insects in the family Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). All known species are Australasian Australasian is the adjectival form of Australasia, a geographical region including Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continen ... in distribution. Species *'' T. cadaverina'' Munari, 2004 References Canacidae Carnoidea genera {{Carnoidea-stub ...
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Dasyrhicnoessa
''Dasyrhicnoessa'' is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). All known species are Afrotropical, Neotropical, Indomalayan, or Australasian-Oceanian in distribution . Species *'' D. adelpha'' Munari, 1986 *'' D. aquila'' Munari, 2002 *'' D. atripes'' Munari, 2004 *'' D. bicolor'' Munari, 2002 *'' D. boninensis'' Sasakawa, 1995 *'' D. celata'' Munari, 2010 *'' D. ciliata'' Munari, 2004 *'' D. clandestina'' Munari, 2002 *'' D. ferruginea'' Lamb, 1914 *'' D. fulva'' Hendel, 1913 *'' D. fulvescens'' Malloch, 1935 *'' D. humilis'' Munari, 2004 *'' D. insularis'' (Aldrich Aldrich may refer to: Places United States *Aldrich, Alabama, unincorporated community *Aldrich, Minnesota, city *Aldrich Township, Wadena County, Minnesota *Aldrich, Missouri, village People *Aldrich (surname), a surname (including a list of pe ..., 1931) *'' D. longisetosa'' Munari, 2004 *'' D. macalpinei'' Munari, 2004 *'' D. mathisi'' Munari, 2002 *'' D. ostentatrix'' Munari, ...
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Sigaloethina
''Sigaloethina'' is a genus of beach flies, insects in the family Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). All known species are Australasian Australasian is the adjectival form of Australasia, a geographical region including Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continen ... in distribution. Species *'' S. endiomena'' Munari, 2005 *'' S. phaia'' Munari, 2004 References Canacidae Carnoidea genera {{Carnoidea-stub ...
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Pseudorhicnoessa
''Pseudorhicnoessa'' is a genus of beach flies, insects in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ... Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). All species are Indopacific in distribution . Species *'' P. rattii'' Munari, 1981 *'' P. spinipes'' Malloch, 1914 *'' P. longicerca'' Munari, 2014 References Canacidae Carnoidea genera {{Carnoidea-stub ...
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Afrotethina
''Afrotethina'' is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). All known species are Afrotropical The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ... in distribution . Species *'' A. aemiliani'' Munari, 1986 *'' A. aurisetulosa'' (Lamb, 1914) *'' A. brevicostata'' Munari, 1990 *'' A. femoralis'' Munari, 1981 *'' A. kaplanae'' Munari, 1994 *'' A. martinezi'' Munari, 2005 *'' A. persimilis'' Munari, 1991 *'' A. stuckenbergi'' Munari, 1990 References Canacidae Schizophora genera {{Carnoidea-stub ...
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Plesiotethina
''Plesiotethina'' is a genus of beach flies, insects in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ... Canacidae (formally Tethinidae). The only known species, '' Plesiotethina australis'', has been described from Australia . Species *'' P. australis'' Munari, 2000 References Canacidae Carnoidea genera {{Carnoidea-stub ...
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Alexander Henry Haliday
Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera, but worked on all insect orders and on many aspects of entomology. Haliday was born in Carnmoney, Co. Antrim later living in Holywood, County Down, Ireland. A boyhood friend of Robert Templeton, he divided his time between Ireland and Lucca, where he co-founded the Italian Entomological Society with Camillo Rondani and Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti. He was a member of the Royal Irish Academy, the Belfast Natural History Society, the Microscopical Society of London, and the Galileiana Academy of Arts and Science, as well as a fellow of the (now Royal) Entomological Society of London. Alexander Haliday was among the greatest dipterists of the 19th century and one of the most renowned British entomologists. His achievements were in four main fields: desc ...
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Brachycera Subfamilies
The Brachycera are a suborder of the order Diptera. It is a major suborder consisting of around 120 families. Their most distinguishing characteristic is reduced antenna segmentation. Description A summary of the main physical characteristics is: * Antenna size (with eight or fewer flagellomeres) is reduced. * The maxillary palp (an elongated appendage near the mouth) has two segments or fewer. * The back portions of the larval head capsule extend into the prothorax (the anterior part of the thorax, which bears the first pair of legs). * Two distinct parts make up of the larval mandible (lower jaw). * The epandrium and hypandrium of the genitalia are separated in males. * No premandible is present on the lower surface of the labrum (the roof of the mouth). * The configuration of the CuA2 and A1 wing veins is distinct. Brachyceran flies can also be distinguished through behavior. Many of the species are predators or scavengers. Classification The structure of subgroups with ...
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Erwin Lindner
Erwin Lindner (7 April 1888 – 30 November 1988) was a German entomologist mainly interested in Diptera. He was born in Böglins, Memmingen and died in Stuttgart, aged 100 years. In 1913 Erwin Lindner joined the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart

and was head of the Department of Entomology there until 1953. He edited ''Die Fliegen der paläarktischen Region'' (the Flies of the Palaearctic Region), a twelve-volume seminal work on the systematics and anatomy of the flies of the