|
Tesro Aayam
''Tesro Aayam'' () is a literary movement founded by Ishwor Ballav, Bairagi Kainla and Indra Bahadur Rai in 1960 which triggered a new stir in Nepalese and Indian literature. This movement is considered a significant milestone in the history of Nepalese and Indian literature which signalled the beginning of Postmodernism. See also * Ralpha Ralpha () was a leftist cultural group of Nepal which produced various songs and literatures to protest against the government. They began as a politically neutral group primarily due to problem with Radio Nepal regarding non-payment of royalty bu ... * Aswikrit Sahitya Andolan References Indian literature Nepalese literature Nepalese literary movements {{India-lit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepali Literature
Nepali literature ( ne, नेपाली साहित्य) refers to literature written in the Nepali language. The Nepali language has been the national language of Nepal since 1958.Himalayan Voices: An Introduction to Modern Nepali Literature' (Voices from Asia), edited and translated by Michael J. Hutt, University of California Press, 1991. p. 5. Nepali language evolved from Sanskrit and it is difficult to exactly date the history of Nepali language literature since most of the early scholars wrote in Sanskrit. It is, however, possible to roughly divide Nepali literature into five periods. Pre-Bhanubhakta era It is thought that Nepali literature has existed in verbal folklore for hundreds of years; however, there exists no evidence of a written literary work before the Bhanubhakta. Before Bhanubhakta, writing was done in Sanskrit, and because it was a language accessible exclusively to high-caste Brahmins at the time, common Nepali people were not involved in literat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishwar Ballav
Ishwar Ballav ( ne, ईश्वरबल्लभ, 11 July 1937 – 22 March 2008) was one of the most influential Nepali poets. He was also a poet of a new dimension–the third dimension–meaning ''Tesro Ayam'' in the history of Nepalese literature. He, along with his contemporaries Bairagi Kaila and Indra Bahadur Rai Indra Bahadur Rai (3 February 1927 – 6 March 2018) was an Indian Nepali language writer and literary critic from Darjeeling, India. He wrote multiple essays, short stories, novels and criticism in his lifetime. ''Kheer'' and ''Raat Bhari Huri ..., formed a trio in 1963 in Darjeeling to rethink and evaluate the development of Nepalese literature. Bibliography *''Aagoka Phoolharu Hun Aagoka Phoolharu Hoinanan'' *''Samanantar'' *''Kashmai Devaya'' *''Euta Saharko Kinarama'' See also * List of Nepalese poets References Nepalese male writers Madan Puraskar winners 1937 births 2008 deaths People from Kathmandu Sajha Puraskar winners {{nepal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indra Bahadur Rai
Indra Bahadur Rai (3 February 1927 – 6 March 2018) was an Indian Nepali language writer and literary critic from Darjeeling, India. He wrote multiple essays, short stories, novels and criticism in his lifetime. ''Kheer'' and ''Raat Bhari Huri Chalyo'' are some of his most popular stories. He started a literary movement in Nepali literature known as Tesro Aayam with Ishwar Ballav and Bairagi Kainla. In 1977, he won the first ever Sahitya Akademi Award for Nepali language. Biography Indra Bahadur Rai did his schooling in Kurseong and Darjeeling. He completed his graduation from Calcutta University and his post-graduation in English from North Bengal University. He taught at Turnbull High School in Darjeeling for several years. He also worked as a professor of English at St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling. He was also the Vice Chairman of Darjeeling Municipality. Literature I.B. Rai entered the field of Nepali literature around 1950 when he started publishing literary crit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bairagi Kainla
Til Bikram Nembang Limbu, professionally known as Bairagi Kainla or Bairagi Kaila, is a Nepalese poet and litterateur. He has served as Chancellor of the Nepal Academy from 2009 (2066 BS) to 2013 (2070 BS).Biodata of Bairagi Kaila Nepal Academy Part of his significant literary struggle was the '' Tesro Aayam'' (Third Dimension) movement. During the early 1960s, he with Ishwor Ballav and Indra Bahadur Rai searched unexplored realms of Nepali literature and added a new dimension – the third dimension – to Nepalese l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postmodernism
Postmodernism is an intellectual stance or Rhetorical modes, mode of discourseNuyen, A.T., 1992. The Role of Rhetorical Devices in Postmodernist Discourse. Philosophy & Rhetoric, pp.183–194. characterized by philosophical skepticism, skepticism toward the "meta-narrative, grand narratives" of modernism, opposition to epistemological, epistemic certainty or stability of meaning (semiotics), meaning, and emphasis on ideology as a means of maintaining political power. Claims to objective fact are dismissed as naïve realism, with attention drawn to the instrumental conditionality, conditional nature of knowledge claims within particular historical, political, and cultural discourses. The postmodern outlook is characterized by self-reference, self-referentiality, epistemological relativism, moral relativism, pluralism (philosophy), pluralism, irony, irreverence, and eclecticism; it rejects the "universal validity" of binary oppositions, stable identity (philosophy), identity, hierar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishwor Ballav
Ishwar Ballav ( ne, ईश्वरबल्लभ, 11 July 1937 – 22 March 2008) was one of the most influential Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...i poets. He was also a poet of a new dimension–the third dimension–meaning ''Tesro Ayam'' in the history of Nepalese literature. He, along with his contemporaries Bairagi Kaila and Indra Bahadur Rai, formed a trio in 1963 in Darjeeling to rethink and evaluate the development of Nepalese literature. Bibliography *''Aagoka Phoolharu Hun Aagoka Phoolharu Hoinanan'' *''Samanantar'' *''Kashmai Devaya'' *''Euta Saharko Kinarama'' See also * List of Nepalese poets References Nepalese male writers Madan Puraskar winners 1937 births 2008 deaths People from Kathmandu Sajha Puraskar winners {{nepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, bordering the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, and India in the south, east, and west, while it is narrowly separated from Bangladesh by the Siliguri Corridor, and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-cultural state, with Nepali as the official language. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the largest city. The name "Nepal" is first recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepalese Literature
Nepalese literature ( ne, नेपाली साहित्य) is the literature of Nepal. This is distinct from Nepali literature, which is the literature in only Nepali language (Khas kura). The major literary languages of Nepal are: English literature Nepalis writing in English first came to prominence with Laxmi Prasad Devkota's own translations of his Nepali poems in the 1950s. Devkota is believed to be the first Nepali to begin writing creatively in English. Devkota also penned some essays in English which were published posthumously by his son, Dr. Padma Devkota in a book titled 'The Witch Doctor and Other Essays'. After Devkota came writers like Mani Dixit, Tek Bahadur Karki, Abhi Subedi and Peter J Karthak who began writing in English from the 60s onwards. During the 70s and 80s, these pioneers were joined by writers like Kesar Lall, Greta Rana, Kesang Tseten, and DB Gurung. It was only in 2001 that Nepali writing in English received international attention with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Literature
Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter. The Republic of India has 22 officially recognised languages. The earliest works of Indian literature were orally transmitted. Sanskrit literature begins with the oral literature of the Rig Veda, a collection of literature dating to the period 1500–1200 BCE. The Sanskrit epics ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata'' were subsequently codified and appeared towards the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Classical Sanskrit literature developed rapidly during the first few centuries of the first millennium BCE, as did the Pāli Canon and Tamil Sangam literature. In the medieval period, literature in Kannada and Telugu appeared in the 9th and 10th centuries respectively. Later, literature in Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Assamese, Odia, and Maithili appeared. Thereafter literature in various dialects of Hindi, Persian and Urdu began to appear as well. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ralpha
Ralpha () was a leftist cultural group of Nepal which produced various songs and literatures to protest against the government. They began as a politically neutral group primarily due to problem with Radio Nepal regarding non-payment of royalty but it gradually turned into a cultural movement. They produced protest songs, poems and novels against the autocratic rule of Panchyat. History Narayan Bhakta Shrestha (Rayan), a member of Ralpha, was denied the royalty by Radio Nepal for his song/poem collection for the period of 2021-2023 BS. Royalty was drawn out from their account by someone else by forging documents. When the same forging was identified by other authors and poets, the victims formed a group to protest against Radio Nepal. One day Parijat called all the authors and poet and gave a pen-name for each of them and formed the group of Ralpha. It happened in 2024 BS (mid 1960s. As explained by poet, Manjul (poet), the word Ralpha does not have any meaning. Ralpha was init ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aswikrit Sahitya Andolan
The Aswikrit Sahitya Andolan () is a dissident literary movement, formed in 1970 by a group of writers in Nepal under the name of '' Aswikrit Jamat'' ( Rejected Generation). History In 1970s, Nepal was under the reign of a rigid monarchical authoritarian regime known as the ''panchayat'' system (defined as a party-less system). No progressive thoughts were allowed in literary works, nor was any printed material or professional group formation allowed without the government sanction during this period. Progressive writers were suppressed and subjugated by the government and its vigilant sneakers. Thus they rebelled pronouncing themselves as Aswikrit Jamat i.e. rejectionists; not merely "rejected generation" but "rejecters" of all imposed authoritarian, undemocratic and unrealistic values by the rigid regime and old traditions. Objective In the words of Dr. Kavitaram Shrestha, who is one of the initiators of the movement, the mission of the Aswikrit Movement is to - fight again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
