|
Taru (god)
Taru was a weather god worshiped in ancient Anatolia by Hattians. He was associated with the bull, and could be depicted in the form of this animal. It is presumed that the names of the Hittite and Luwian weather gods, Tarḫunna and Tarḫunz, while etymologically Indo-European, were meant to resemble Taru's as a result of Hattian cultural influence on other cultures of the region. Name and character Taru was the Hattian weather god. The term "Hattian" refers to the native inhabitants of the northern part of ancient Anatolia. As a weather god, he was believed to control phenomena such as thunder and lightning; additionally he was responsible for the well-being of people and animals, and for the growth of plants. A hymn dedicated to him, ''awan kaitgaḫillu dTaru elli lipḫaippin'', most likely focuses on guaranteeing the flourishing of grain (''kait''). In cuneiform Taru's name was written as ''dTa-a-ru'', ''dDa-a-ru'' or sporadically ''dŠa-a-ru'' . It could also be represe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hattians
The Hattians () were an ancient Bronze Age people that inhabited the land of ''Hatti'', in central Anatolia (modern Turkey). They spoke a distinctive Hattian language, which was neither Semitic nor Indo-European. Hattians are attested by archeological records from the Early Bronze Age and by historical references in later Hittite and other sources. Their main centre was the city of Hattush. Faced with Hittite expansion (since 2000 BC), Hattians were gradually absorbed (by 1700 BC) into the new political and social order, imposed by the Hittites, who were one of the Indo-European-speaking Anatolian peoples. The Hittites kept the country name ("land of Hatti") unchanged, which also became the main designation for the Hittite state. Terminology Complex questions related to etymology of endonymic terms for Hattians, their land, language and capital city (Hatti, Hattili, Hattush) are debated among scholars. Later conquerors (Hittites) did not change the name of the city (Hat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theriomorphic
The word ''zoomorphism'' derives from the Greek ζωον (''zōon''), meaning "animal", and μορφη (''morphē''), meaning "shape" or "form". In the context of art, zoomorphism could describe art that imagines humans as non-human animals. It can also be defined as art that portrays one species of animal like another species of animal or art that uses animals as a visual motif, sometimes referred to as "animal style." In ancient Egyptian religion, deities were depicted in animal form which is an example of zoomorphism in not only art but in a religious context. It is also similar to the term therianthropy; which is the ability to shape shift into animal form, except that with zoomorphism the animal form is applied to a physical object. It means to attribute animal forms or animal characteristics to other animals, or things other than an animal; similar to but broader than anthropomorphism. Contrary to anthropomorphism, which views animal or non-animal behavior in human terms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyēus
''*Dyḗus'' ( lit. "daylight-sky-god"), also ''*Dyḗus ph₂tḗr'' (lit. "father daylight-sky-god"), is the reconstructed name of the daylight-sky god in Proto-Indo-European mythology. ''*Dyēus'' was conceived as a divine personification of the bright sky of the day and the seat of the gods, the ''*deywṓs''. Associated with the vast diurnal sky and with the fertile rains, ''*Dyēus'' was often paired with '' *Dʰéǵʰōm'', the Earth Mother, in a relationship of union and contrast. While its existence is not directly attested by archaeological or written materials, ''*Dyēus'' is considered by scholars the most securely reconstructed deity of the Indo-European pantheon, as identical formulas referring to him can be found among the subsequent Indo-European languages and myths of the Vedic Indo-Aryans, Latins, Greeks, Phrygians, Messapians, Thracians, Illyrians, Albanians and Hittites. Name Etymology The divine name ''*Dyēus'' stems from the root ''*dyeu-,'' denoting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gary Beckman
Gary Michael Beckman (born 1948) is a noted Hittitologist and Professor of Hittite and Mesopotamian Studies from the University of Michigan. He has written several books on the Hittites: his publication ''Hittite Diplomatic Texts'' and ''Hittite Myths'' were both republished twice—in 1991 and 1999 respectively. As a Hittitologist, Professor Gary Beckman also wrote an article on Hittite Chronology in ''Akkadica'' 119-120 (2000) while he served as an editor of the 2003 book ''Hittite Studies in Honor of Harry A. Hoffner, Jr: On the Occasion of His 65th Birthday''. Beckman also composed a book review on Trevor Bryce's influential book, ''The Kingdom of the Hittites'' in Bryn Mawr. __NOTOC__ Dr. Beckman participated as an academic advisor for the 2003 Tolga Örnek film "Hititler" (or "Hittites" in English) which discussed the history and culture of the Hittites. In 2008, Professor Beckman reviewed a book concerning "regime change" and their impact upon local societies in the Middle Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words in different languages that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymology, etymological ancestor in a proto-language, common parent language. Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and often it takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate or not. Cognates are distinguished from Loanword, loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language. The term ''cognate'' derives from the Latin noun '':wikt:cognatus, cognatus blood relative'. Characteristics Cognates need not have the same meaning, which semantic drift, may have changed as the languages developed independently. For example English language, English ''wikt:starve#English, starve'' and Dutch language, Dutch ''wikt:sterven#Dutch, sterven'' 'to die' or German languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Root (linguistics)
A root (or root word) is the core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements. In morphology, a root is a morphologically simple unit which can be left bare or to which a prefix or a suffix can attach. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (this root is then called the base word), which carries aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Content words in nearly all languages contain, and may consist only of, root morphemes. However, sometimes the term "root" is also used to describe the word without its inflectional endings, but with its lexical endings in place. For example, ''chatters'' has the inflectional root or lemma ''chatter'', but the lexical root ''chat''. Inflectional roots are often called stems, and a root in the stricter sense, a root morpheme, may be thought of as a monomorphemic stem. The traditional definition allows roots to be either free morphemes or bound morphemes. Root ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nipas
Nipas (also spelled Nipaš or Nepaš) was a god worshiped in Kanesh. His name might have been derived from the Hittite word nepis, "heaven", and he might have been a weather god. While he was most likely one of the main deities of the city, and a temple, festival and clergy associated with him are attested, for unknown reasons he does not appear in any later sources. Name and character Nipas' name was rendered as ''Ni-pá-as'' in cuneiform. According to , it most likely originated in a language he refers to as a "central Anatolian substrate", similar to these of other local deities of Kanesh: Ḫariḫari, Ḫigiša, Parka, Tuḫtuḫani and possibly Anna. Guido Kryszat instead connects it with the Hittite word ''nepis'', "heaven". This explanation is also accepted by authors such as Manfred Hutter and Gojko Barjamovic. However, it has been criticized by Daniel Schwemer, who argues that as a neuter noun, this word would be an unusual theonym, and additionally points out that to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry grammatical information (inflectional suffixes) or lexical information ( derivational/lexical suffixes'').'' An inflectional suffix or a grammatical suffix. Such inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. For derivational suffixes, they can be divided into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation. Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, suffixes are called affirmatives, as they can alter the form of the words. In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings (see Proto-Indo-European root). Suffixes can carry grammatical information or lexical information. A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weather God Of Zippalanda
The Weather god of Zippalanda was a Hittite weather god, who was worshipped in the Hittite city of Zippalanda. The weather god of Zippalanda had several names, such as Ziplantil, Wašezzili,Piotr Taracha: ''Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia''. Wiesbaden 2009, p. 55. Wašezzil and Wašezzašu. Role In ancient Anatolia, weather gods were the rulers of the sky and the mountains.Volkert Haas, Heidemarie Koch: ''Religionen des alten Orients: Hethiter und Iran''. Göttingen 2011, p. 228. They cast down thunder, lightning, clouds, rain and storms. The weather god of Zippalanda was also worshipped as a sender of rain. He was also worshipped as a fertility deity. Additionally, Wašezzili was referred to as a "lion" among the gods and therefore as a divine hero. Family In the official state pantheon of the Hittites, the Weather god of Zippalanda Wasezzili was regarded as the son of Tarḫunna, the 'Weather god of Ḫatti', and the Sun goddess of Arinna. As the son of the Sun god ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weather God Of Nerik
The Weather god of Nerik is a Hittite weather god, who was mainly worshipped in the Hittite city of Nerik, whose cult was relocated to Kaštama and Takupša for two hundred years after the Hittites lost Nerik to the Kaskians. He was also referred to as Nerak or Nerikkil. In ancient Anatolia, weather gods were the rulers of the sky and the mountains. They cast down thunder, lightning, clouds, rain and storms.Volkert Haas, Heidemarie Koch: ''Religionen des alten Orients: Hethiter und Iran''. Göttingen 2011, p. 228. The weather god of Nerik was also worshipped as a sender of rain, and as a fertility deity. In the official Hittite state pantheon, the Weather god of Nerik was considered the son of the Weather god of Ḫatti and the Sun goddess of Arinna. However, at his cult centre in Nerik he was instead considered to be the son of the Hattian god and the Sun goddess of the Earth. The partner of the Weather god of Nerik was the goddess , the Lady of the Palace. During droughts, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volkert Haas
Volkert may refer to: People *Edward Charles Volkert (1871–1935), American painter *Georg Volkert (1945–2020), German footballer * Stephan Volkert (born 1971), German rower *Volkert Doeksen (born 1963), Dutch money manager *Volkert van der Graaf (born 1969), Dutch assassin *Volkert Kraeft (born 1941), German actor *Volkert Merl (born 1940), German racing driver *Volkert Overlander (1570–1630), Dutch noble, jurist, ship-owner and merchant *Volkert Simon Maarten van der Willigen (1822–1878), Dutch mathematician and physicist Companies *Volkert, Inc., a consulting firm headquartered in Mobile, Alabama Buildings *Volkert Van Buren House Volkert Van Buren House is a historic home located near Fulton, Oswego County, New York, Fulton in Oswego County, New York. It is a Federal architecture, Federal style structure constructed about 1832. ''See also:'' It was listed on the Nation ..., historic home in Oswego County, New York Surnames from given names {{Disambiguation, gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theonym
A theonym (from Greek ''theos'' (Θεός), "god"'','' attached to ''onoma'' (ὄνομα), "name") is the proper name of a deity. Theonymy, the study of divine proper names, is a branch of onomastics (the study of the etymology, history, and use of proper names.); it helps develop an understanding of the function and societal views of particular gods and may help understand the origins of a society's language. Analysis of theonyms has been useful in understanding the connections of Indo-European languages, and possibly their religion. In all languages, the analysis of the possible etymological origin of a theonym can serve as basis for theories of its historical origin. Metaphysical and mystical meanings are also discerned in theonyms, as in Kabbalah. Theonyms can also appear as all or part of a name for a human, animal, thing or place. See also * -onym * Theo * Theology * Thealogy, similar origin as above, but female instead * God (word) * Names of God * Nomenclature * Ono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
