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Tarphyceratida
The Tarphycerida were the first of the coiled cephalopods, found in marine sediments from the Lower Ordovician (middle and upper Canad) to the Middle Devonian. Some, such as ''Aphetoceras'' and ''Estonioceras'', are loosely coiled and gyroconic; others, such as ''Campbelloceras'', ''Tarphyceras'', and ''Trocholites'', are tightly coiled, but evolute with all whorls showing. The body chamber of tarphycerids is typically long and tubular,Furnish and Glenister 1964; Nautiloidea - Tarphycerida; In the ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' Vol K; Teichert and Moore, (eds) GSA and U of Kansas Press 1964 as much as half the length of the containing whorl in most, greater than in the Silurian Ophidioceratidae. The Tarphycerida evolved from the elongated, compressed, exogastric Bassleroceratidae, probably '' Bassleroceras'', around the end of the Gasconadian through forms like ''Aphetoceras''. Close coiling developed rather quickly, and both gyroconic and evolute forms are found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarphyceratidae
The Tarphyceratidae are tightly coiled, evolute Tarphycerida with ventral siphuncles. The dorsum is characteristically impressed where the whorl presses against the venter of the previous. The Tarphyceratidae are derived from ''Bassleroceras'' or possibly from some member of the Estonioceratidae. Tarphyceratids vary in form and siphuncle position. The siphuncle may be subcentral as in ''Centrotarphyceras''; intermediary as in '' Tarphyceras'', or subventral as in '' Campbelloceras''. Cross sections vary. ''Tarphyceras'' and ''Campbelloceras'' are rounded. ''Centrotarphyceras'' is subquadrate with broadly rounded flanks and a slightly rounded venter. ''Eurystomites'' is subquadrate and slightly compressed, with the maximum width closer to the dorsum. ''Pionoceras'' is subrounded and slightly depressed with the maximum width closer to the venter. The dorsal impression in ''Tarphyceras'' and ''Eurystomites'' is broad and deep and in ''Pionoceras'' and ''Centrotarphyceras'', broad an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trocholitidae
The Trocholitidae are Tarphycerida with whorls in close contact as with the Tarphyceratidae, but in which the siphuncle, similar in structure, becomes dorsal. The Trocholitidae are derived from the Tarphyceratidae, perhaps from different tarphyceratids. Members of the Trocholitidae vary in whorl section and siphuncle position. Most are tightly coiled with the dorsum impressed to some degree. As exceptions ''Arkoceras'' and ''Wichitoceras'' have their whorls touching but without a dorsal impression. '' Discoceras'' and '' Curtoceras'' have somewhat subquadrate whorl sections and are moderately impressed. In ''Graftonoceras'' and ''Jasperoceras'' the venter is rounded and continues smoothly through the flanks to a broad dorsum which in each is moderately impressed. The siphuncle in ''Graftonoceras'' is on the dorsal margin, in ''Jasperoceras'' it is between the center and dorsum. Whorls in T''rocholites'' have a wide cross section and low profile, in ''Wichitoceras'' they are lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campbelloceras
''Campbelloceras'' is a tarphyceratid nautiloid known from the Lower Ordovician, Upper Canadian Epoch of North America, where it is widespread. ''Campbelloceras'' was named by Ulrich and Foerste in 1936. The shell of ''Campbelloceras'' has a circular whorl section, only slightly impressed, and a siphuncle that is close to the venter in all growth stages. ''Campbelloceras'' differs from ''Tarphyceras'' in that the rate of expansion is greater, the siphuncle is proportionally largers, and an impression is shallower. ''Campbelloceras'' may have given rise to the barrandeocerid '' Plectoceras'' (Plectoceratidae) through simplification of the connecting rings, and to ''Tarphyceras'' through tighter coiling, development of a deeper impression, and reduction in the size of the siphuncle. ''Campbelloceras'' may be conceivably derived from '' Estonioceras'' (Estonioceratidae). The cross section of ''Campbelloceras'' and that of the outer whorl of ''Estonioceras'' are similar, except f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonioceratidae
The Estonioceratidae are a family of loosely coiled tarphycerids in which the inner side of the whorls, which forms the dorsum, is rounded or flat with no impression, and in which the siphuncle, composed of thick tubular segments, is located ventrally. The Estonioceratidae seem to form a link between the ancestral Bassleroceratidae and the more tightly coiled Tarphyceratidae The Tarphyceratidae are tightly coiled, evolute Tarphycerida with ventral siphuncles. The dorsum is characteristically impressed where the whorl presses against the venter of the previous. The Tarphyceratidae are derived from ''Bassleroceras'' or ....Furnish, W. M, and Glenister, Brian F. 1964. Nautiloidea – Tarphycerida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Geol. Soc. of America, Teichert and Moore (eds.) References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16965822 Cephalopod families Nautiloids Ordovician cephalopods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarphyceras
''Tarphyeras'' is a genus of tarphyceratid with whorls rounded in cross section, having a deeply impressed dorsum and a ventral to subcentral siphuncle, known from the Lower Ord (U Canad) of North America. It differs from '' Campbelloceras'' in that ''Campbelloceras'' is only slightly impressed, from '' Centrotarphyceras'' in that ''Centrotarphyceras'' is subquadrate and has a central siphuncle, and from ''Trocholites'' in that although ''Trocholites'' is subcircular in cross section, the siphuncle is subdorsal. ''Taphyceras'' may be derived from ''Campbelloceras'' through development of tighter coiling and a deeper impression along with a smaller siphuncle The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and ... that may be further offset from the venter. ''Tarphyceras'' was named by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barrandeoceratidae
The Barrandeoceratidae is a family of coiled nautiloids included in the Tarphycerida (''sensu lato'') that lived from the Middle Ordovician to the Middle Devonian, characterised by mostly compressed shells with a subcentral siphuncle composed of thin-walled segments that may become secondarily ventral.(Flower and Kummel 1950, Sweet 1964). The Barrandeoceratidae are derived from the tarphyceratid genus, ''Centrotarphyceras'' through '' Barrandeoceras'' (Flower 1984), and is the source for the Uranoceratidae and Nephriticeratidae. These three families form the barrandeoceratid group. Sometimes a fourth family, the Bickmoritidae, is added, based on the genus ''Bickmorites''. Genera (Flower 1984) include '' Barrandeoceras'', '' Centrocyrtoceras'', '' Paquettoceras'', '' Savageoceras'', '' Gasconsoceras'', ''Haydenoceras'', and '' Paraplectoceras''; and if included, '' Bickmorites''. ''Avilionella'' and ''Laureloceras'', included in the Barrandeocerida in the ''Treatise on Invert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautilus
The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae. The nautilus is the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. It comprises six living species in two genera, the type of which is the genus ''Nautilus''. Though it more specifically refers to species ''Nautilus pompilius'', the name chambered nautilus is also used for any of the Nautilidae. All are protected under CITES Appendix II. Depending on species, adult shell diameter is between 4 and 10 inches. Nautilidae, both extant and extinct, are characterized by involute or more or less convolute shells that are generally smooth, with compressed or depressed whorl sections, straight to sinuous sutures, and a tubular, generally central siphuncle.Kümmel, B. 1964. Nautiloidae-Nautilida, in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Geological Society of America and Univ of Kansas Press, Teichert and Moore eds. Having survived relatively u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautilida
The Nautilida constitute a large and diverse order of generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods that began in the mid Paleozoic and continues to the present with a single family, the Nautilidae which includes two genera, ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus'', with six species. All told, between 22 and 34 families and 165 to 184 genera have been recognised, making this the largest order of the subclass Nautiloidea. Classification and phylogeny Current classification The current classification of the Nautilida, in prevalent use, is that of Bernhard Kummel (Kummel 1964) in the Treatise which divides the Nautilida into five superfamilies, the Aipocerataceae, Clydonautilaceae, Tainocerataceae, and Trigonocerataceae, mostly of the Paleozoic, and the later Nautilaceae. These include 22 families and some 165 or so genera (Teichert and Moore 1964) Other concepts Shimansky 1962 (in Kummel 1964) divided the Nautilida into five suborders, the mostly Paleozoic Centroceratina, Liroceratina, Rutoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oncocerida
The Oncocerida comprise a diverse group of generally small nautiloid cephalopods known from the Middle Ordovician to the Mississippian (early Carboniferous; one possible member is known from the Early Permian), in which the connecting rings are thin and siphuncle segments are variably expanded (Flower, 1950). At present the order consists of some 16 families, a few of which, such as the Oncoceratidae, Brevicoceratidae, and Acleistoceratidae contain a fair number of genera each while others like the Trimeroceratidae and Archiacoceratidae are represented by only two or three (Sweet, 1964). Physical characteristics The shells of oncocerids are primarily somewhat compressed cyrtoconic brevicones. More advanced forms include gyrocones, serpenticones, torticones, and elongate orthocones and cyrtocones, reflective of the different families and genera (Flower, 1950; Sweet, 1964). The siphuncle in the Oncocerida is commonly located at or near the ventral margin. Connecting rings are mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allonautilus
The genus ''Allonautilus'' contains two species of nautiluses, which have a significantly different morphology from those placed in the sister taxon ''Nautilus''. ''Allonautilus'' is now thought to be a descendant of ''Nautilus'', rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. Live individuals of the genus have only been collected in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Little is known about their biology because they live in deep waters, whereas the better-understood genus ''Nautilus'' lives closer to the surface. The entire family Nautilidae, including all species in the genus ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus'', was listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES (shorter name for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of intern ... (CITE ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephriticeratidae
The Nephriticeratidae is a family of early Paleozoic (''E-M Dev'') nautilod cephalopods included in the Barrandeocerina The Barrandeocerina comprise a suborder of Early Paleozoic nautiloid cephalopods, primitively coiled but later forms may be cyrtoconic, gyroconic, torticonic, and even breviconic, all having empty siphuncles with thin connecting rings. The Bar ... (a suborder of tarphycerids ''sensu lato''), distinguished by mostly cyrtoconic as well as gyroconic, sepenticontic, and sinstrally torticonic shells with large, typically straight necked (orthchoanitic) siphuncles. As for the suborder, connecting rings are thin. Derivation The earliest genus included in the Nephriticeraatidae is the sinistrally torticconic '' Sphyradoceras'', which comes from the Lower Devonian Schoharie Formation of New York. It is in fact the only torticonic genus in the family and the only genus known from the Barrandeocerina from the Lower Devonian. The early stage of ''Sphyradoceras'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treatise On Invertebrate Paleontology
The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and covering every phylum, class, order, family, and genus of fossil and extant (still living) invertebrate animals. The prehistoric invertebrates are described as to their taxonomy, morphology, paleoecology, stratigraphic and paleogeographic range. However, taxa with no fossil record whatsoever have just a very brief listing. Publication of the decades-long ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' is a work-in-progress; and therefore it is not yet complete: For example, there is no volume yet published regarding the post-Paleozoic era caenogastropods (a molluscan group including the whelk and Common periwinkle, periwinkle). Furthermore, every so often, previously published volumes of the ''Treatise'' are revised. Evolution of the proje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
