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Tuggurt
Touggourt ( ar, ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤرت; ber, ⵜⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ, Tugurt, lit=the gateway or 'the gate') is a city and commune, former sultanate and capital of Touggourt District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria, built next to an oasis in the Sahara. As of the 2008 census, the commune had a population of 39,409 people, up from 32,940 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.8%. Touggourt's urban area includes the communes of Nezla, Tebesbest and Zaouia El Abidia, for a total population of 146,108. Touggourt is notable for its date trees. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which the French filled up. Bradt Travel Guides describe it as "largely a modern town of block architecture" and "largely unattractive. The centre is quiet most of the day due to the heat but is more active at night when people take to the streets." History In 1414 the Sultanate of Tuggert was founded in southern Algeria. The known Sultans (and one female ruler) were: *Ali II *Mabruk (Mubarak) *Ali III ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Tuggurt
The Sultanate of Tuggurt was a state that extended over Tuggurt, the oases of the neighbouring region and the Oued Righ valley between the fifteenth century and 1881. It was governed by sultans of the Banu Djellab dynasty. Background The city of Tuggurt was subject to the authority of the Hafsid dynasty like all other cities in the east of present-day Algeria. During the periods of turmoil, Tuggurt would revolt and refrain from paying taxes. Like what Yusuf ibn Hasan, a chief of Tuggurt did in the era of the Hafsid Sultan Abu 'Amr Uthman, who was obliged to Subjugate the city two times, one in 1449 and another in 1465. The Sultanate of Tuggurt came to birth in a period that witnessed the weakness and fall of the Hafsid dynasty. History The Sultanate was founded in the fifteenth century by the Banu Djellab, a dynasty whose exact origins remain obscure. They claimed to be the last descendants of the Marinid dynasty, and thus modelled their court and ruling system, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuggurt Expedition (1552)
The Tuggurt expedition in 1552 aimed to obtain the submission of the Saharan cities of Tuggurt and Ouargla, seats of independent sultanates. Salah Rais, beylerbey of the Regency of Algiers, was allied to the troops of the Kingdom of Ait Abbas, led by their sultan, Abdelaziz al-Abbas. The sultan of Tuggurt, head of two prosperous cities and Saharan principalities, refused to pay tribute to the regency of Algiers, which therefore launched an expedition to subdue him and also take control at the same time of a caravan route for the Trans-Saharan trade in gold. Salah Rais, at the head of 1,000 spahis and 3,000 musketeers, as well as some pieces of artillery, was joined by 8,000 Kabyle auxiliaries from the Beni Abbes. In passing Salah Raïs subdued Biskra, previously attacked in 1542 by Hassan Pasha, because it had refused to pay tribute. Continuing south, he laid siege to Tuggurt for four days before conquering Ouargla. The local sultan, only 14 years old, retreated behind th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lalla Aicha, Regent Of Touggourt
Lalla Aicha ( ar, للا عائشة) (known as Aichouche) ( ar, عيشوشة) was regent of Touggourt during the minority of her son Abd ar-Rahman from 1833–1846. She was from the Ben-Gana family, which was granted the title ‘cheikh el-Arab’ by the French. Life Some sources claim she married Amer, Sultan of Touggourt (1822–1830), while other state she was the wife of Ibrahim III, Sultan of Touggourt (r. 1830–1831). Lalla Aicha was the mother of Sultan Abd ar-Rahman (r. 1840–52). Aicha's husband Sultan Ibrahim was murdered by his brother Ali, who usurped power in 1831. Consequently, Aicha and a faction of courtiers rebelled against her brother-in-law Sultan Ali (Sulayman's father) and maintained power by killing other potential rivals, including Sulayman's infant son. Aicha ordered Ali poisoned which occurred, before taking power in the name of her son Abd er-Rahman, then aged eight. Assuming the title ''khalifa'' (viceroy A viceroy () is an official who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan
Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty (i.e., not having dependence on any higher ruler) without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic", and the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate ( '. The term is distinct from king ( '), despite both referring to a sovereign ruler. The use of "sultan" is restricted to Muslim countries, where the title carries religious significance, contrasting the more secular ''king'', which is used in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Brunei and Oman are the only independent countries which retain the ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djamaa
Djamaa ( ar, ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ) (also written Jama'a) is a town and commune in El Oued Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 50,916, up from 37,438 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 3.1%. Geography To the east of Djamaa is a large area of palm plantations. The locality of Tigdidine lies amongst the palm trees. To the west the landscape is mostly arid and sandy, although there is another smaller palm plantation about west of the town. Climate Djamaa has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification ''BWh''), with very hot summers and mild winters, and very little precipitation throughout the year. Transportation Djamaa has a station on the Biskra-Touggourt railway line. The N3 highway passes through the town, also connecting Biskra in the north to Touggourt in the south. Education 6.5% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 16.1% has completed secondary education. The overall literacy rate is 80.7%, and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Oued Province
El Oued ( ar, ولاية الوادي, ber, ⴻⵍ oⵓⴻⴷ) is a Saharan province of Algeria (n° 39) dominated by '' Oued Souf''. It was named after its eponymous capital. Notable towns include El Oued itself and El M'Ghair, Djamaa and Guemar. Geography Physical geography El Oued Province lies in the Sahara desert in northeast Algeria. The mostly uninhabited southern half of the province is covered by the Grand Erg Oriental, a vast region of uninterrupted sand dunes. The northern half of the province is a mixture of sandy desert with scarce vegetation, scattered oases, and salt lakes. The most notable oases are the Oued Souf region, upon which the capital El Oued and neighbouring towns are built, as well as oases located near the towns of El M'Ghair and Djamaa, both of which support extensive palm plantations. Chott Melrhir, a large endorheic salt lake, lies in the north-central part of the province, while Chott Felrhir is a smaller salt lake to its southwest, near El M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balidat Ameur
Balidat Ameur ( ar, ﺑﻠﻴﺪة ﻋﺎﻣﺮ) (sometimes written Blidet Amor) is a town and commune in Touggourt Province, Algeria, located near the provincial capital of Ouargla. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 14,540, up from 12,135 in 1998, and a population growth rate of 1.9%. The commune is made of two areas, the main town of Balidat Ameur, and the village of Goug to the southeast. Geography Balidat Ameur is surrounded by palm plantations that mostly lie in the valleys of the oasis. Apart from in the oasis itself, the nearby land is flat and barren. Climate Balidat Ameur has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification ''BWh''), with very hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is light and sporadic, and summers are particularly dry. Transportation Balidat Ameur lies a short distance from the N3 national highway between Touggourt to the north and Hassi Messaoud to the south. The town is from the provincial capital Ouargla, which can be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamacine
Tamacine ( ar, ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻴﻦ) (sometimes written Témacine) is a town and commune, and capital of Témacine District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 20,067, up from 15,933 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 2.4%. It is around south of Touggourt. The Tugurt language is spoken by some residents of Tamacine. History The mosque in the town of Témacine, the Mosque of Si al-Hajj, dates to 1431. Geography Tamacine lies at an elevation of within the system of oases near Touggourt. These oases feature extensive palm groves and other agriculture. Beyond this is the arid and barren landscape of the Sahara, featuring areas of sand dunes (ergs) and flat rocky plains ( regs). Lake Tamacine, a small lake covering and long, lies along the eastern side of the town, and is notable for its variety of birds and fish. Climate Tamacine, like other towns in the Saharan region, has a hot desert climate with very hot summers and mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megarine
Megarine ( ar, اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻳﻦ) is a town and commune in Touggourt Province, Algeria, located just north of the city of Touggourt. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 13,751, up from 10,996 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 2.3%. Geography Megarine lies in a large area of palm plantations on an oasis network that extends from Sidi Slimane past Touggourt through to Balidat Ameur. Beyond the oases is the arid and barren landscape of the Sahara, featuring areas of sand dunes (ergs) and flat rocky plains ( regs). Climate Megarine has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification ''BWh''), with very hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is light and sporadic, and summers are particularly dry. Transportation Megarine is connected to the N3 national highway a short long local road. From the intersection, the town is connected to Biskra to the north, and Touggourt to the south. The train line from Biskra to Touggourt also runs near the town at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidi Slimane, Ouargla
Sidi Slimane ( ar, ﺳﻴﺪي ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) is a town and commune in Mégarine District, Touggourt Province, Algeria, located near the city of Touggourt. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 8,072, up from 6,822 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.7%. Geography Sidi Slimane lies in a large area of palm plantations on an oasis network that extends from here past Touggourt through to Balidat Ameur. Beyond the oases is the arid and barren landscape of the Sahara, featuring areas of sand dunes (ergs) and flat rocky plains ( regs). Climate Sidi Slimane has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification ''BWh''), with very hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is light and sporadic, and summers are particularly dry. Transportation Sidi Slimane is connected to the N3 national highway by the regional road W305, which is long. From the intersection, the town is connected to Biskra to the north, and Touggourt Touggourt ( ar, ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤر ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palm (plant)
The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees. Currently, 181 genera with around 2,600 species are known, most of which are restricted to tropical and subtropical climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves, known as fronds, arranged at the top of an unbranched stem. However, palms exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics and inhabit nearly every type of habitat within their range, from rainforests to deserts. Palms are among the best known and most extensively cultivated plant families. They have been important to humans throughout much of history. Many common products and foods are derived from palms. In contemporary times, palms are also widely used in landscaping. In many historical cultures, because of their importance as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oases
In ecology, an oasis (; ) is a fertile area of a desert or semi-desert environment'ksar''with its surrounding feeding source, the palm grove, within a relational and circulatory nomadic system.” The location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas; caravans must travel via oases so that supplies of water and food can be replenished. Thus, political or military control of an oasis has in many cases meant control of trade on a particular route. For example, the oases of Awjila, Ghadames and Kufra, situated in modern-day Libya, have at various times been vital to both north–south and east–west Trans-Saharan trade, trade in the Sahara Desert. The location of oases also informed the Darb El Arba'īn trade route from Sudan to Egypt, as well as the caravan route from the Niger River to Tangier, Morocco. The Silk Road “traced its course from water hole to water hole, relying on oasis communities such as Turpan in China and Sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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