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Trigonotarbida
The order Trigonotarbida is a group of extinct arachnids whose fossil record extends from the late Silurian to the early Permian ( Pridoli to Sakmarian).Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2020A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 20.5 These animals are known from several localities in Europe and North America, as well as a single record from Argentina. Trigonotarbids can be envisaged as spider-like arachnids, but without silk-producing spinnerets. They ranged in size from a few millimetres to a few centimetres in body length and had segmented abdomens (opisthosoma), with the dorsal exoskeleton (tergites) across the backs of the animals' abdomens, which were characteristically divided into three or five separate plates. Probably living as predators on other arthropods, some later trigonotarbid species were quite heavily armoured and protected themselves with spines and tube ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnid
Arachnida () is a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons. Almost all adult arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs. The term is derived from the Greek word (''aráchnē'', 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider. Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 100,000 named species, of which 47,000 are species of spiders. Morphology Almost all adult arachnids have eight legs, unlike adult inse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maiocercus
''Maiocercus celticus'' is a species of early Trigonotarbida, trigonotarbid arachnid from the Upper Carboniferous of Westhoughton, Lancashire, UK. The species was first described in 1902, with a "new species" being described in 1911 (''M. orbicularis'') which has been proven as being a junior synonym of ''M. celticus''. ''M. celticus'' is the type species of the genus ''Maiocercus''. Originally zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock compared ''M. celticus'' to Brachypyge, with later evidence showing that ''Brachypyge'' had "opisthosoma which were much longer than wide; with the pleural laminæ of the second and third pleura-bearing terga being inclined slightly backwards" (''Brachypyge'') with ''Maiocercus'' having the “opisthosoma much wider than long; the pleural laminæ of the first, second, third, and fourth sterna being inclined slightly forwards”. The original drawing which showed ''Maiocercus'' described a pitting on the underside of the slightly forwarded laminæ, with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eophrynus
''Eophrynus'' is an extinct genus of arachnids from the extinct order Trigonotarbida, which lived during the Late Carboniferous period in Europe. The genus was first described in 1871 by Henry Woodward (geologist). The name comes from ''Eo'', meaning 'dawn', and ''Phrynus'', an extant genus of whip spider (order Amblypygi). Two species have been recognised: * ''Eophrynus prestvicii'' in England * ''Eophrynus udus'' in Germany Species of ''Eophrynus'', as with other tribonotarbids, were similar to modern spiders but could not produce silk and the back-half of their body was made up of small plates. The English species, ''E. prestvici'', is known from a handful of good quality fossils preserved inside siderite concretions. Recent X-ray An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eophrynidae
Eophrynidae is a family of the extinct arachnid order Trigonotarbida The order Trigonotarbida is a group of extinct arachnids whose fossil record extends from the late Silurian to the early Permian ( Pridoli to Sakmarian).Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2020A summary list of fossil spiders and their relative .... Eophrynids lived during the Carboniferous period in what is now modern Europe and North America. The family is probably found within the "eophrynid assemblage" clade: (''Aphantomartus'' (''Alkenia'' (''Pseudokreischeria'' (''Kreischeria'' (''Eophrynus'' + ''Pleophrynus''))))). Genera *'' Areomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 *'' Eophrynus'' Woodward, 1871 *'' Nyranytarbus'' Harvey & Selden, 1995 *'' Petrovicia'' Frič, 1904 *'' Planomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 *'' Pleophrynus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *'' Pocononia'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 *'' Somaspidion'' Jux, 1982 *'' Stenotrogulus'' Frič, 1904 *'' Vratislavia'' Frič, 1904 References Trigonotarbid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthracomartidae
Anthracomartidae, first described by Haase, 1890, is a family of the extinct arachnid order Trigonotarbida The order Trigonotarbida is a group of extinct arachnids whose fossil record extends from the late Silurian to the early Permian ( Pridoli to Sakmarian).Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2020A summary list of fossil spiders and their relative .... It is likely to be most closely related to the Archaeomartidae, based on a 2014 cladistic analysis, within the clade (Palaeocharinus (Archaeomartidae + Anthracomartidae)). Genera *'' Anthracomartus'' Karsch, 1882 *'' Brachylycosa'' Frič, 1904 *'' Brachypyge'' Woodward, 1878 *'' Cleptomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1949 *'' Coryphomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *'' Cryptomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *'' Maiocercus'' Pocock, 1911 *'' Oomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 *'' Pleomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *'' Promygale'' Frič, 1904 References Trigonotarbids Paleozoic arachnids Silurian arachnids Devonian arachnids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silurian
The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out. One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution: vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods (myriapods, arachnids and hexapods) became fully terrestrialized. A significant evolutionary milestone during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Silurian
The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out. One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution: vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods (myriapods, arachnids and hexapods) became fully terrestrialized. A significant evolutionary milestone during t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeocharinus
''Palaeocharinus'' is a genus of extinct trigonotarbid arachnids known from the Devonian of western Europe. The genus was first found and described in the Rhynie chert in the 1920s by Arthur Stanley Hirst and S. Maulik. The family to which the genus belongs may be paraphyletic. Species * ''Palaeocharinus calmani'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian The Early Devonian is the first of three Epoch (geology), epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian Series (stratigraphy), series. It lasted from and began with the Lochkovian Stage , which was followed by the P ..., Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus hornei'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus kidstoni'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus rhyniensis'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus scourfieldi'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus tuberculatus'' (Fayers, Dunlop & Trewin, 2005) – Early Devonian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakmarian
In the geologic timescale, the Sakmarian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is a subdivision of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Sakmarian lasted between 293.52 and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Asselian and followed by the Artinskian.; 2004: ''A Geologic Time Scale 2004'', Cambridge University Press Stratigraphy The Sakmarian Stage is named after the Sakmara River in the Ural Mountains, a tributary to the Ural River. The stage was introduced into scientific literature by Alexander Karpinsky in 1874. In Russian stratigraphy, it originally formed a substage of the Artinskian Stage. Currently, the ICS uses it as an independent stage in its international geologic timescale. The base of the Sakmarian Stage is laid with the first appearance of conodont species ''Streptognathodus postfusus'' in the fossil record. A global reference profile for the base (a GSSP), located in the southern Ural Mountains, Russia, was ratified in 2018. The top of the Sakmarian (the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin '' carbō'' ("coal") and '' ferō'' ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern 'system' names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arthropod cuticle, cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an exoskeleton, external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species. The haemocoel, an arthropod's internal cavity, through which its haemolymph – analogue of blood – circulates, accommodates its interior Organ (anatomy), organs; it has an open circulatory system. Like their exteriors, the internal or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
