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Trichilogaster Acaciaelongifoliae
''Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae'' is an Australian bud-galling wasp from the family Pteromalidae that parasitises, among others, ''Acacia longifolia'' (long-leaved wattle, or Sydney golden wattle), which has become an invasive pest An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ... in several countries. ''T. acaciaelongifoliae'' has been introduced into South Africa in 1985 and into Portugal in 2015 as a successful biological control agent of ''A. longifolia''. References External links ''Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae''at WaspWeb Pteromalidae Insects used for control of invasive plants Biological pest control wasps {{chalcidoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gall
Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures so that the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to some insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology. In human pathology, a gall is a raised sore on the skin, usually caused by chafing or rubbing. Causes of plant galls Insects and mites Insect galls are the highly distinctive plant structures formed by some herbivorous insects as their own microhabitats. They are plant tissue which is controlled by the insect. Galls act as both the habitat a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortive Flower
Abortion in flowers and developing fruits is a common occurrence in plants. An abortive flower is a flower that has a stamen but an under developed, or no pistil. It falls without producing fruit or seeds, due to its inability to fructify. Flowers require both male and female organs to reproduce, and the pistils and ovary serve as female organs, while the stamens are considered male organs. Illustrative examples include ''Urginea nagarjunae'' and ''Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae''. Studies have shown that hermaphrodites or bisexual flowers have higher rates of fruit abortions than unisexual flowers. __TOC__ Causes of fruit & flower abortion Pollinated flowers and fruits can abort selectively. It could be because of the order of pollination, the number of developing seeds, pollen source, or some combination of these. Flowers and fruits can also abort because of outside causes like insufficient light, unsuitable photo-period, high temperature, nutrient deficiency, ethylene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arthropod cuticle, cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an exoskeleton, external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species. The haemocoel, an arthropod's internal cavity, through which its haemolymph – analogue of blood – circulates, accommodates its interior Organ (anatomy), organs; it has an open circulatory system. Like their exteriors, the internal or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Their blood is not totally contained in vessels; some circulates in an open cavity known as the haemocoel. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; In: potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans, which recent research has indicated insects are nested within. Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order (biology), order of insects, comprising the sawfly, sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are Parasitoid wasp, parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis (biology), metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek language, Ancient Greek wikt:πτερόν, πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek wikt:ὑμήν, ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcidoidea
Chalcid wasps (, , for their metallic colour) are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera. The superfamily contains some 22,500 known species, and an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species, meaning the vast majority have yet to be discovered and described. The name "chalcid" is often confused with the name "chalcidid", though the latter refers strictly to one constituent family, the Chalcididae, rather than the superfamily as a whole; accordingly, most recent publications (e.g.,) use the name "chalcidoid" when referring to members of the superfamily. Most chalcid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, though other life styles are known, with the herbivorous fig wasps acting as pollinators. Various species are used as biological pest control agents or in scientific research. Description Chalcidoids are generally small wasps, averaging 1.5 mm in length and usually being less than 3 mm. The body is often metallic in colour. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteromalidae
The Pteromalidae are a very large family of mostly parasitoid wasps, with some 3,450 described species in about 640 genera (the number was greater, but many species and genera have been reduced by synonymy in recent years). The subfamily-level divisions of the family are highly contentious and unstable, and the family is thought to be "artificial", composed of numerous, distantly related groups (polyphyletic). Accordingly, details of their life histories range over nearly the entire range possible within the Chalcidoidea, though the majority are (as with most chalcidoids) parasitoids of other insects. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and many are important as biological control agents. The oldest known fossil is known from the Early Cretaceous. In essence, a "pteromalid" is any member of the Chalcidoidea that has five-segmented tarsi and does not have the defining features of any of the remaining families with five-segmented tarsi. It is highly prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ormocerinae
Ormocerinae is a subfamily in the chalcidoid wasp family Pteromalidae. Overview of genera '' Aditrochus'' - '' Aeschylia'' - '' Alloderma'' - '' Alyxiaphagus'' - '' Australicesa'' - '' Brachyscelidiphaga'' - '' Bugacia'' - '' Cecidoxenus'' - '' Encyrtocephalus'' - '' Epelatus'' - '' Espinosa'' - '' Eurytomomma'' - '' Hubena'' - '' Kerya'' - '' Krivena'' - '' Lincolna'' - '' Lisseurytoma'' - '' Manipurella'' - '' Mayrellus'' - '' Megamelanosoma'' - '' Melancistrus'' - '' Nambouria'' - '' Neochalcissia'' - '' Neoperilampus'' - '' Neaylax'' - '' Ormocerus'' - '' Oxyglypta'' - '' Perilampella'' - '' Perilampomyia'' - '' Plastobelyta'' - '' Queenslandia'' - '' Rivasia'' - '' Semiotellus'' - '' Sennia'' - '' Systasis'' - '' Systolomorpha'' - '' Terobiella'' - ''Trichilogaster ''Trichilogaster'' is a small genus of chalcid wasps in the Family (biology), family Melanosomellidae, previously they were included in Family (biology), family Pteromalidae Family (biology), subfamily Ormoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichilogaster
''Trichilogaster'' is a small genus of chalcid wasps in the family Melanosomellidae, previously they were included in family Pteromalidae subfamily Ormocerinae. With one described exception, they all are Australian species that are gall-formers on Australian species of'' Acacia''. The exception is an Arabian species. Apart from its ecological interest, the genus is of practical importance because some of its members are successful biocontrol agents in South Africa at least, where ''T. acaciaelongifoliae'' and ''T. signiventris'' have been established successfully to control invasive Australian ''Acacia'' species, notably ''Acacia longifolia'' and ''Acacia pycnantha''. Species The species most recently recognised in a revision of the genus are: *''Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae'' (Froggatt, 1892) *''Trichilogaster arabica'' Ferrière, 1947 *''Trichilogaster channingi'' (Girault, 1913) *''Trichilogaster esculenta'' Ferrière, 1947 *''Trichilogaster flavivena'' (Girault, 1931) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Wilson Froggatt
Walter Wilson Froggatt (13 June 1858 – 18 March 1937) was an Australian economic entomologist. Early life Froggatt was born in Melbourne, Victoria, the son of George Wilson Froggatt, an English architect, and his wife Caroline, daughter of Giacomo Chiosso, who came from a noble Italian family. As a child Froggatt, who was delicate, was encouraged by his mother to find interests in the open air and at an early age began collecting insects. The family having moved to Bendigo, Victoria he was educated at the Corporate High School, Sandhurst (Bendigo), and on leaving school spent four years on the land. In 1880 he went to a goldfield near Milparinka, New South Wales, and then worked his way northward and through Queensland to Mackay, Herberton, Cairns and other parts of the colony. Wherever he went he kept up his collecting of insects. Career as entomologist In 1883 Froggatt returned to Bendigo, worked with his father on a lease near Mount Hope, and around this time contacted Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acacia Longifolia
''Acacia longifolia'' is a species of ''Acacia'' native to southeastern Australia, from the extreme southeast of Queensland, eastern New South Wales, eastern and southern Victoria, and southeastern South Australia. Common names for it include long-leaved wattle, acacia trinervis, aroma doble, golden wattle, coast wattle, sallow wattle and Sydney golden wattle. It is not listed as being a threatened species,Australian Plant Name Index''Acacia longifolia''/ref> and is considered invasive in Portugal, New Zealand and South Africa. In the southern region of Western Australia, it has become naturalised and has been classed as a weed by out-competing indigenous species. It is a tree that grows very quickly reaching 7–10 m in five to six years. Description Golden wattle occurs as both a shrub or tree that can reach a height of up to . It has smooth to finely fissured greyish coloured bark and glabrous branchlets that are angled towards the apices. Like most species of ''Acacia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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