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Travelogues Of Ottoman Palestine
Travelogues of Palestine are the written descriptions of the region of Palestine by travellers, particularly prior to the 20th century. The works are important sources in the study of the history of Palestine and of Israel. Surveys of the geographical literature on Palestine were published by Edward Robinson in 1841, Titus Tobler in 1867 and subsequently by Reinhold Röhricht in 1890. Röhricht catalogued 177 works between 333—1300CE, 19 works in the 14th c., 279 works in the 15th c., 333 works in the 16th c., 390 works in the 17th c. 318 works in the 18th c., and 1,915 works in the 19th c. In total, there are more than 3,000 books and other materials detailing accounts of the journeys of primarily European and North American travelers to Ottoman Palestine. The number of published travelogues proliferated during the 19th century, and these travelers' impressions of 19th-century Palestine have been often quoted in the history and historiography of the region, although their acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egeria (pilgrim)
Egeria, Etheria, or Ætheria was a Western European Christian woman, widely regarded to be the author of a detailed account of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land about 381/2–386. The long letter, dubbed Peregrinatio or Itinerarium Egeriae, is addressed to a circle of women at home. Historical details it contains set the journey in the early 380s, making it the earliest of its kind. It survives in fragmentary form in a later copy—lacking a title, date and attribution. Discovery and identity The middle part of Egeria's writing survived and was copied in the ''Codex Aretinus'', which was written at Monte Cassino in the 11th century, while the beginning and end are lost. This ''Codex Aretinus'' was discovered in 1884 by the Italian scholar Gian Francesco Gamurrini, in a monastic library in Arezzo. In 2005 Jesús Alturo identified two new fragments from one manuscript ''circa'' 900 in Caroline script. Gamurrini published the Latin text and theorised the author was Saint Sylvia of Aquita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arculf
Arculf (later 7th century) was a Frankish bishop who toured the Levant in around 680. Bede claimed he was a bishop (). According to Bede's history of the Church in England (V, 15), Arculf was shipwrecked on the shore of Iona, Scotland on his return from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. He was hospitably received by Adomnán, the abbot of the island monastery from 679 to 704, to whom he gave a detailed narrative of his travels. Adomnán, with aid from some further sources, was able to produce '' De Locis Sanctis'' ("Concerning the sacred places"), a descriptive work in three books dealing with Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and other places in Palestine, and briefly with Alexandria and Constantinople. Bede learned of this and spoke about him in his ''Ecclesiastical History of the English People''. Many details about Arculf's journeys can be inferred from this text. Modern references Arculf appears briefly as a character in the novel ''Justinian'' by H. N. Turteltaub (Harry Turtledove). See a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Of Tudela
Benjamin of Tudela ( he, בִּנְיָמִין מִטּוּדֶלָה, ; ar, بنيامين التطيلي ''Binyamin al-Tutayli''; Tudela, Kingdom of Navarre, 1130 Castile, 1173) was a medieval Jewish traveler who visited Europe, Asia, and Africa in the twelfth century. His vivid descriptions of western Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by a hundred years. With his broad education and vast knowledge of languages, Benjamin of Tudela is a major figure in medieval geography and Jewish history. ''The Travels of Benjamin'' is an important work not only as a description of the Jewish communities, but also as a reliable source about the geography and ethnography of the Middle Ages. Some modern historians credit Benjamin with giving accurate descriptions of everyday life in the Middle Ages. Originally written in Hebrew, his itinerary was translated into Latin and later translated into most major European languages. It received much attention from Renaissance scholars in the sixtee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libellus De Locis Sanctis
The ''Libellus de locis sanctis'' ("Little Book of the Holy Places") is a 12th-century Latin guide book and travelogue of Palestine designed for the use of Christian pilgrims to the Holy Places. It "stands out" from the mass of medieval guide books "for its literary and informative qualities". Author About the author of the ''Libellus'' nothing is known for certain besides what he says about himself. He was a German monk named Dietrich or Theoderich ( la, Theodericus, link=no) who visited Palestine himself around 1172. He was probably a Rhinelander, since he travelled with a certain Adolf from Cologne and he was familiar with the Palatine Chapel at Aachen.Stewart, "Preface" to Theoderich 1891, pp. iii–ix. He may have been from Hirsau Abbey. He is often identified with the Dietrich to whom John of Würzburg dedicated his ''Descriptio terrae sanctae'', another guide to Palestine. John travelled to the Holy Land shortly before Dietrich in the 1160s. He is also sometimes identifie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Würzburg
John of Würzburg (Latin ''Johannes Herbipolensis'') was a German priest who made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the 1160s and wrote a book describing the Christian holy places, the ''Descriptio terrae sanctae'' (Description of the Holy Land).Stewart, "Preface" to John of Würzburg 1890, pp. ix–xii. Life All that is known of John's life is what he records in his ''Descriptio''. He says that he was a priest of the church of Würzburg and he dedicated his work to a friend named Dietrich (Theoderic). The Tegernsee manuscript calls John the bishop of Würzburg, but there was no bishop named John. Possibly the copyist or whoever added the description of John to the Tegernsee manuscript confused him with his friend, who is sometimes identified with Dietrich of Hohenburg, who was bishop of Würzburg in 1223–24. This identification is not certain. Nor is the identification of Dietrich with the man of the same name who went on a pilgrimage around 1172 and wrote his own account of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leiðarvísir Og Borgarskipan
''Leiðarvísir og borgarskipan'' ("A Guide and List of Cities") is an itinerary written by Níkulás Bergsson (a.k.a. Nikolaos), the abbot of the monastery of Þverá in Eyjafjörður, Northern Iceland. It is a guidebook for pilgrims about the routes from Northern Europe to Rome and Jerusalem. It contains two descriptions of lands around Norway that the Abbot seems to have acquired for his book from independent sources. Itinerary In the following list there are the towns in the different itineraries described in Leiðarvísir,: Denmark * Aalborg; * Viborg; * Hedeby. Germany France * Seltz; * Strasbourg; Switzerland * Basel; * Solothurn; * Avenches; * Vevey; * Saint-Maurice; * Bourg-Saint-Pierre; Italy Greece * Peloponnese; *Kos; *Constantinople; *Rhodes; * Kastellorizon; * Patara; *Cyprus; *Paphos; Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synony ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Phokas
__NOTOC__ John Phokas ( grc-gre, Ἰωάννης Φωκᾶς, ''Iōánnēs Phōkâs'') or Phocas ( la, Johannes Phocas) was a 12th-century Byzantine pilgrim to the Holy Land. He wrote an account of his travels, the so-called ''Ekphrasis'' or ''Concise Description of the Holy Places'', which has been called "the most elegant of Palestinian pilgrimage accounts".Michael Angold (2016), "The Fall of Jerusalem (1187) as Viewed from Byzantium," in Adrian J. Boas (ed.), ''The Crusader World'' (London & New York: Routledge) pp. 289–308, at 294. Doubt has recently arisen over whether Phokas was in fact the author of the ''Ekphrasis'', which has been re-attributed instead to the John Doukas who went on an imperial mission to the Holy Land in 1177. Little biographical information about Phokas is available. One manuscript of the ''Ekphrasis'' contains a note stating that he was a priest and that his father, a certain Matthew, became a monk on Patmos. According to this marginal note, his trip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rorgo Fretellus
Rorgo Fretellus, also spelled FetellusJames Rose Macpherson, ed. (1896), Fetellus (circa 1130 A.D.)' (London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society), pp. v–x. (fl. 1119–1154),Jonathan Riley-Smith (1981), "Review of ''Rorgo Fretellus de Nazareth et sa description de la Terre Sainte: histoire et édition du texte'' by P. C. Boeren (North-Holland Publishing, 1980)", ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland'', 113(2), pp. 200–201. was a Frankish priest in the Kingdom of Jerusalem who wrote a widely circulated description in Latin of the Christian holy places in the Holy Land, the ''Descriptio de locis sanctis''. Life Fretellus was born in the County of Ponthieu and went to the Holy Land around 1110. In 1119 he was the chancellor of the Prince of Galilee and by 1121 he was a canon of the archdiocese of Nazareth. Benjamin Z. Kedar (2000), "Fretellus", in John Block Friedman and Kristen Mossler Figg, eds., ''Trade, Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages: A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel The Traveller
Daniel the Traveller, known also as Daniel the Pilgrim (russian: Даниил Паломник), Daniel of Kiev, or Abbot Daniel, was the first travel writer from the Kievan Rus.Anzovin, p. 201, item 3391: "The first Russian travel-writer was Daniel of Kiev, called in Russian Daniel Kievsky." "Daniel is the earliest Russian author, sacred or secular, who has described a journey from his country to any other part of the outer world." He is known for travelling to the Holy Land in the aftermath of the First Crusade and his descriptions are important records of the region during that time. Some have identified him with a certain Daniel, bishop of between 1115 and 1122. Travels Origin Archimandrite Daniel journeyed to the West from the Rus monastery where he lived as an igumen. This monastery was probably near Chernihiv in Ukraine, in the Land of Chernihivshchyna. Constantinople, Greece, Cyprus Daniel's journeys took him to Constantinople, then by way of Cyprus to the Holy Lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Maqdisi
Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Maqdisī ( ar, شَمْس ٱلدِّيْن أَبُو عَبْد ٱلله مُحَمَّد ابْن أَحْمَد ابْن أَبِي بَكْر ٱلْمَقْدِسِي), better known as al-Maqdisī ( ar, links=no, ٱلْمَقْدِسِي) or al-Muqaddasī ( ar, links=no, ٱلْمُقَدَّسِي), ( – 991) was a medieval Arab geographer, author of ''Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm'' (''The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions''), as well as author of the book, ''Description of Syria (Including Palestine)''. He is one of the earliest known historical figures to self-identify as a Palestinian during his travels. Biography Sources Outside of his own work, there is little biographical information available about al-Maqdisi.Miquel 1993, p. 492. He is neither found in the voluminous biographies of Ibn Khallikan (d. 1282) nor were the aspects of his life mentioned in the works of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard The Pilgrim
Bernard the Pilgrim (floruit, fl. 865), also called Bernard the Wise ( la, Bernardus Sapiens) and Bernard the Monk, was a ninth-century Frankish monk. He is most recognisable for the composition of a Travel literature, travelogue, in which he details his journey around the Mediterranean, travelling through Italy, Egypt, the Holy Land, and France. Biography Little is known about Bernard's life outside of the ''Itinerarium.'' The Frankish monk originated from the Champagne (province), Champagne territory of France, later residing in the Monastery of Mont-Saint-Michel, located in the region of Brittany. Bernard is believed to have travelled sometime between the years 865 and 871. The ''Itinerarium'' Date The precise dates of Bernard's travels remain unclear, and is an issue which continues to be contested by historians. Some have claimed that Bernard travelled over a period of three years, from 867-870. The monk's acquirement of papal permission for his trip from Pope Nicholas I, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygeburg
Hygeburg (''floruit'' 760–780), also Hugeburc, Hugeberc, Huneberc or Huneburc, was an Anglo-Saxon nun and hagiographer at the Alemannian monastery of Heidenheim. She is "the first known Englishwoman to have written a full-length literary work" and "the only woman author of a saint's life from the Carolingian period".Huneberc of Heidenheim (C. H. Talbot, trans.), "The Hodoeporicon of Saint Willibald", in Thomas F. X. Noble and Thomas Head, eds., ''Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints' Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages'' (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995), pp. 141–42. Heidenheim was founded as a monastery for monks in 752 by Wynnebald, an Anglo-Saxon from Wessex. On his death in 761, his sister Walburg inherited it and converted it into a double monastery with the introduction of nuns. Hygeburg was among those who came to Heidenheim immediately after Wynnebald's death. Probably she had already been in Germany for some time, one of the nuns summoned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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