|
Transmembrane Domain Of ABC Transporters
ABC transporter transmembrane domain is the main transmembrane structural unit of ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins, consisting of six alpha helixes that traverse the plasma membrane. Many members of the ABC transporter family () have two such regions. This family appears to correspond to ABC1 by TCDB classification. Subfamilies * Sulphate ABC transporter permease protein 2 * Phosphate transport system permease protein 2 * Phosphonate uptake transporter * Nitrate transport permease * NifC-like ABC-type porter * Phosphate ABC transporter, permease protein PstC * Molybdate ABC transporter, permease protein * Nickel ABC transporter, permease subunit NikB * Nickel ABC transporter, permease subunit NikC * Ectoine/hydroxyectoine ABC transporter, permease protein EhuD * Ectoine/hydroxyectoine ABC transporter, permease protein EhuC Human proteins containing this domain ABCB1; ABCB10; ABCB11; ABCB4; ABCB5; ABCB6; ABCB7; ABCB8; ABCB9; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Domains
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins. Background The concept of the domain was first proposed in 1973 by Wetlaufer after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCB4
The ATP-binding cassette 4 gene encodes the Multidrug resistance protein 3. ABCB4 is associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. This gene encodes a full transporter and member of the p-glycoprotein family of membrane proteins with phosphatidylcholine as its substrate (flippase activity). The function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, it may involve transport of phospholipids from liver hepatocytes into bile. Alternative splic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC4
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4), also known as the multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) or multi-specific organic anion transporter B (MOAT-B), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCC4'' gene. ABCC4 acts as a regulator of intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels and as a mediator of cAMP-dependent signal transduction to the nucleus. MRP4/ABCC4 also transports prostaglandins, for example PGE2, out of the cell where they can bind receptors. MRP4/ABCC4 expression is dysregulated in several cancers and is also upregulated in peritoneal endometriosis. Interactive pathway map See also * ATP-binding cassette transporter The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one of the oldest gene families. It is represented in all extant phyla, from prokaryotes to humans. ABC transp ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC3
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCC3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, this protein may play a role in the transport of biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. ABCC3 is induced as a hepatoprotective response to a variety of pathologic liver conditions. The constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor and n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC2
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) also called canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (cMOAT) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCC2'' gene. Function MRP2 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). More specifically, this protein is a member of the MRP subfamily, which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein is expressed in the canalicular (apical) part of the hepatocyte and functions in biliary transport. Substrates include anticancer drugs such as vinblastine; therefore, this protein appears to contribute to drug resistance in mammalian cells. MRP2 is also expressed in the apical membrane of proximal renal tubule endothelial cells where they are involv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC13
Putative ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 13 is a protein that is not present in humans. In humans, ''ABCC13'' is a pseudogene. Function This gene is a member of the superfamily of genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This family member is part of the MRP subfamily, which is involved in multi-drug resistance, but the human locus is now thought to be a pseudogene incapable of encoding a functional ABC protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. See also * ATP-binding cassette transporter The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one of the oldest gene families. It is represented ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC12
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCC12'' gene. Function This gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the encoded protein contains two ATP-binding domains and 12 transmembrane regions. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies: ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White. This gene is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This gene and another subfamily member are arranged head-to-tail on chromosome 16q12.1. Increased expression of this gene is associated with breast cancer. Loss of function is implicated in hereditary cholestasis Cholestasis is a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. The two basic distinctions are an obstructive type of cholestasis where there is a mechanical blockage in the duct system that can oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC11
ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11, also MRP8 (''Multidrug Resistance-Related Protein 8'') is a membrane transporter that exports certain molecules from inside a cell. It is a protein that in humans is encoded by gene ''ABCC11''. The gene is responsible for determination of human cerumen type (wet or dry ear wax) and presence of underarm osmidrosis (odor associated with sweat caused by excessive apocrine secretion). Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). The ABCC11 transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. The product of this gene participates in physiological processes involving bile acids, conjugated steroids, and cyclic nucleotides. In addition, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC10
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCC10'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This ABC full-transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. See also * ATP-binding cassette transporter The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one of the oldest gene families. It is represented in all extant phyla, from prokaryotes to humans. ABC transp ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * External li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCC1
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCC1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra-and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This full transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein functions as a multispecific organic anion transporter, with oxidized glutathione, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and activated aflatoxin B1 as substrates. This protein also transports glucuronides and sulfate conjugates of steroid hormones and bile salts. Alternative splicing by exon deletion results in several splice variants but maintains the original open reading frame in all forms. Structure ABCC1 is a 190 kDa protein that contains two membrane-spanning domains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCB9
ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCB9'' gene. The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. The function of this half-transporter has not yet been determined; however, this protein may play a role in lysosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in distinct isoforms which are likely to have different substrate specifications. See also * ATP-binding cassette transporter The ATP synthase, ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system superfamily that is one of the larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABCB8
ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 8, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ABCB8'' gene. The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. The function of this half-transporter has not yet been determined; however, it may involve the compartmentalization and transport of heme, as well as peptides, from the mitochondria to the nucleus and cytosol. This protein may also play a role in the transport of phospholipids into mitochondrial membranes. See also * ATP-binding cassette transporter The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
