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Topraisar
Topraisar is a commune in the Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. The commune includes four villages: *Topraisar (historical name: crh, Topraysar) *Biruința (historical name: crh, Muratan, probably rounded out phonetically from ''Murat Han'') *Movilița (historical name: crh, Musurat, probably rounded out phonetically from ''Musavvirat''; for short periods in the 20th century it has also been named ''Regele Mihai'' and '' Filimon Sîrbu'' (1948-1964) ) *Potârnichea (historical name: crh, Abdullahköy) Topraisar and the surrounding areas were the site of fierce fighting in 1916 during two battles of the World War I: the First and Second Battle of Cobadin. Etymology Topraysar is of Tatar origin and is rounded out phonetically from Top Rayis Hisar meaning ''The Fortress of the President of the Union''. Top Rayis meaning ''The Elected Leader of the Union'' or ''The President of the Union'' appears to designate ''Queen Tomyris'' and it seems to stand also at the or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatars Of Romania
The Tatars of Romania ( ro, Tătarii din România; Crimean Tatar and Nogai: Romaniya tatarları), Dobrujan Tatars ( Crimean Tatar and Nogai: Dobruca tatarları) or Nogay (Nogai) Tatars ( Crimean Tatar and Nogai: Noğay tatarları) are a Turkic ethnic group that have been present in Romania since the 13th century. According to the 2011 census, 20,282 people declared themselves as Tatar, most of them being Crimean TatarsUyğur, Sinan (2011)Dobruca Tatar Türklerinde abece ve yazım sorunu ''Karadeniz Araştırmaları'', Yaz 2011, Sayı 30, sayfa: 71-92 and living in Constanța County. They are one of the main components of the Muslim community in Romania. History Middle Ages The roots of the Crimean Tatar community in Romania began with the Cuman migration in the 10th century. Even before the Cumans arrived, other Turkic peoples like the Huns and the Bulgars settled in this region. The Tatars first reached the Danube Delta in the mid-13th century during the power peak of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Campaign (World War I)
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the Entente from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the Central Powers from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918. At the start of World War I, King Carol I of Romania favored Germany, while the nation's political elite favored the Entente. As such, the crown council took the decis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constanța County
Constanța () is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța. Demographics In 2011, it had a population of 684,082 and the population density was 96/km2. The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) than the Romanian average. In recent years the population trend is: The majority of the population are Romanians. There are important communities of Turks and Tatars, remnants of the time of Ottoman rule. Currently the region is the centre of the Muslim minority in Romania. A great number of Aromanians have migrated to Dobruja in the last century, and they consider themselves a cultural minority rather than an ethnic minority. There are also Romani. Geography *Călărași County and Ialomița County are to the west. *Tulcea County and Brăila County are to the north. *Bulgaria ( Dobrich Province and Silistra Province) are to the south. Economy The predominant industries in the county ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commune In Romania
A commune (''comună'' in Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania. There are 2,686 communes in Romania. The commune is the rural subdivision of a county. Urban areas, such as towns and cities within a county, are given the status of ''city'' or ''municipality''. In principle, a commune can contain any size population, but in practice, when a commune becomes relatively urbanised and exceeds approximately 10,000 residents, it is usually granted city status. Although cities are on the same administrative level as communes, their local governments are structured in a way that gives them more power. Some urban or semi-urban areas of fewer than 10,000 inhabitants have also been given city status. Each commune is administered by a mayor (''primar'' in Romanian). A commune is made up of one or more villages which do not themselves have an administrative function. Communes, like cities, correspond to the European Union's level 2 local administrative uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes In Constanța County
An intentional community is a voluntary residential community which is designed to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork from the start. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision, and typically share responsibilities and property. This way of life is sometimes characterized as an " alternative lifestyle". Intentional communities can be seen as social experiments or communal experiments. The multitude of intentional communities includes collective households, cohousing communities, coliving, ecovillages, monasteries, survivalist retreats, kibbutzim, hutterites, ashrams, and housing cooperatives. History Ashrams are likely the earliest intentional communities founded around 1500 BCE, while Buddhist monasteries appeared around 500 BCE. Pythagoras founded an intellectual vegetarian commune in about 525 BCE in southern Italy. Hundreds of modern intentional communities were formed across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Institute Of Statistics (Romania)
The National Institute of Statistics ( ro, Institutul Național de Statistică, INS) is a Romanian government agency which is responsible for collecting national statistics, in fields such as geography, the economy, demographics and society. The institute is also responsible for conducting Romania's census every ten years, with the latest census being organised in 2011. Leadership The head of the NIS is currently Tudorel Andrei, while the three vice-presidents are: *Elena Mihaela Iagăr, in charge of economic and social statistics *Marian Chivu, in charge of national accounts and the dissemination of statistical information *Beatrix Gered, in charge of IT activities and statistical infrastructure History Romania's first official statistics body was the Central Office for Administrative Statistics (''Oficiului Central de Statistică Administrativă''), established on July 12, 1859, under the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza. The organisation, one of the first national statistics orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turks Of Romania
The Turks of Romania ( tr, Romanya Türkleri, ro, Turcii din România) are ethnic Turks who form an ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2011 census, there were 27,698 Turks living in the country, forming a minority of some 0.15% of the population. Of these, 81.1% were recorded in the Dobruja region of the country's southeast, near the Black Sea, in the counties of Constanța (21,014) and Tulcea (1,891), with a further 8.5% residing in the national capital Bucharest (2,388).. History Turkic settlement has a long history in the Dobruja region, various groups such as Bulgars, Pechenegs, Cumans and Turkmen settling in the region between the 7th and 13th centuries, and probably contributing to the formation of a Christian autonomous polity in the 14th century. The existence of a strictly Turkish population in the territories of modern Romania can possibly be tracked down to the 13th century. In 1243, the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia (most of modern Turkey) were de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roma In Romania
Romani people (Roma; Romi, traditionally '' Țigani'', (often called "Gypsies" though this term is considered a slur) constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. According to the 2011 census, their number was 621.573 people or 3.3% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania, varying from 4.6 per cent to over 10 percent of the population, because many people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Romani. For example, the Council of Europe estimates that approximately 1.85 million Roma live in Romania, a figure equivalent to 8.32% of the population. Origins The Romani people originate from northern India, presumably from the northwestern Indian regions such as Rajasthan and Punjab. The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Romanian census found that just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of Moldovans were counted as ethnic Romanians.''Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By'' David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source U.S. Library of Congress "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic ofMoldova's national i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomyris
Tomyris (; grc, Τόμυρις, Tómuris; Latin: ) also called Thomyris, Tomris, or Tomiride, reigned over the Massagetae, an Iranian Saka people of Central Asia. Tomyris led her armies to defend against an attack by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire, and, according to Herodotus, defeated and killed him in 530 BC. Name The name is the Latin form of the Ancient Greek name (), which is itself the Hellenisation of a Scythian name meaning "of family" derived from a cognate of the Avestan word () and of the Old Persian word (), meaning "seed," "germ," and "kinship," and of which various reconstructed forms have been proposed, including: * or * or * or * or * or History Background Tomyris was the widowed wife of the king of the Massagetae, whom she succeeded as the queen of the tribe after he died. War with Persia When the founder of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Cyrus, asked for the hand of Tomyris with the intent of acquiring her kingdom throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (; bg, Добруджа, Dobrudzha or ''Dobrudža''; ro, Dobrogea, or ; tr, Dobruca) is a historical region in the Balkans that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania. It is situated between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, and includes the Danube Delta, Romanian coast, and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast. The territory of Dobruja is made up of Northern Dobruja, which is part of Romania, and Southern Dobruja, which is part of Bulgaria. The territory of the Romanian region Dobrogea is organised as the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, with a combined area of and a population of slightly less than 900,000. Its main cities are Constanța, Tulcea, Medgidia and Mangalia. Dobrogea is represented by dolphins in the coat of arms of Romania. The Bulgarian region Dobrudzha is divided among the administrative regions of Dobrich and Silistra; the following villages of Razgrad Prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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