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Tombusvirus
''Tombusvirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Tombusviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus. Symptoms associated with this genus include mosaic. The name of the genus comes from ''Tomato bushy stunt virus''. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * ''Artichoke mottled crinkle virus'' * ''Carnation Italian ringspot virus'' * '' Cucumber Bulgarian virus'' * ''Cucumber necrosis virus'' * '' Cymbidium ringspot virus'' * '' Eggplant mottled crinkle virus'' * '' Grapevine Algerian latent virus'' * '' Havel River virus'' * '' Lato River virus'' * '' Limonium flower distortion virus'' * '' Moroccan pepper virus'' * ''Neckar River virus'' * ''Pelargonium leaf curl virus'' * ''Pelargonium necrotic spot virus'' * ''Petunia asteroid mosaic virus'' * '' Sikte waterborne virus'' * ''Tomato bushy stunt virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Tombusvirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diamete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus
Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is a virus of the tombusvirus family. It was first reported in tomatoes in 1935 and primarily affects vegetable crops, though it is not generally considered an economically significant plant pathogen. Depending upon the host, TBSV causes stunting of growth, leaf mottling, and deformed or absent fruit. The virus is likely to be soil-borne in the natural setting, but can also transmitted mechanically, for example through contaminated cutting tools. TBSV has been used as a model system in virology research on the life cycle of plant viruses, particularly in experimental infections of the model host plant ''Nicotiana benthamiana''. Host range TBSV has a broad host range under experimental conditions and has been reported to infect over 120 plant species spanning 20 families. However, under natural conditions its range is much narrower and generally comprises crop vegetables and ornamental plants. It was first identified in tomato plants and also has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tombusviridae
''Tombusviridae'' is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. There are three subfamilies, 17 genera, and 95 species in this family. The name is derived from ''Tomato bushy stunt virus'' (TBSV). Genome All viruses in the family have a non-segmented (monopartite) linear genome, with the exception of Dianthoviruses, whose genome is bipartite. The genome is approximately 4.6–4.8kb in length, lacks a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail, and it encodes 4–6 ORFs. The polymerase encodes an amber stop codon which is the site of a readthrough event within ORF1, producing two products necessary for replication. There is no helicase encoded by the virus. ICTVFamily - Tombusviridae in: Virus Taxonomy. Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 2012, pp 1111-1138, 23 November 2011, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384684-6.00096-3 Structure The RNA is encapsulated in an icosahedral (T=3) capsid, composed of 180 units of a single coat protein 27–42K in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i.e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tombusvirus 5' UTR
''Tombusvirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family '' Tombusviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus. Symptoms associated with this genus include mosaic. The name of the genus comes from ''Tomato bushy stunt virus''. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * '' Artichoke mottled crinkle virus'' * '' Carnation Italian ringspot virus'' * '' Cucumber Bulgarian virus'' * ''Cucumber necrosis virus'' * '' Cymbidium ringspot virus'' * '' Eggplant mottled crinkle virus'' * '' Grapevine Algerian latent virus'' * '' Havel River virus'' * '' Lato River virus'' * '' Limonium flower distortion virus'' * '' Moroccan pepper virus'' * ''Neckar River virus'' * ''Pelargonium leaf curl virus'' * '' Pelargonium necrotic spot virus'' * '' Petunia asteroid mosaic virus'' * '' Sikte waterborne virus'' * '' Tomato bushy stunt virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Tombusvirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tombus Virus Defective Interfering (DI) RNA Region 3
Tombus virus defective interfering (DI) RNA region 3 is an important cis-regulatory region identified in the 3' UTR of ''Tombusvirus'' defective interfering particles (DI). Defective interfering RNAs are small sub-viral replicons which are non-coding deletion mutants of the virus that maintain cis-acting RNA elements necessary for replication of the host virus. This conserved region of the 3'UTR has been found to enhance DI RNA accumulation by approximately 10-fold as well as mediating viral replication Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome an .... See also * Infectious bronchitis virus D-RNA * Red clover necrotic mosaic virus translation enhancer elements References External links * Cis-regulatory RNA elements Tombusviridae {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cis-regulatory Element
''Cis''-regulatory elements (CREs) or ''Cis''-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks, which in turn control morphogenesis, the development of anatomy, and other aspects of embryonic development, studied in evolutionary developmental biology. CREs are found in the vicinity of the genes that they regulate. CREs typically regulate gene transcription by binding to transcription factors. A single transcription factor may bind to many CREs, and hence control the expression of many genes ( pleiotropy). The Latin prefix ''cis'' means "on this side", i.e. on the same molecule of DNA as the gene(s) to be transcribed. CRMs are stretches of DNA, usually 100–1000 DNA base pairs in length, where a number of transcription factors can bind and regulate expression of nearby genes and regulate their transcription rates. They are labeled as ''cis'' because they are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is the ribose derivative deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA. Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells and make up the genetic material. Nucleic acids are found in abundance in all living things, where they create, encode, and then store information of every living cell of every life-form on Earth. In turn, they function to transmit and express that information inside and outside the cell nucleus to the interior operations of the cell and ultimately to the next generation of each living organism. The encoded information is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petunia Asteroid Mosaic Virus
Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PetAMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Tombusviridae ''Tombusviridae'' is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. There are three subfamilies, 17 genera, and 95 species in this family. The name is derived from '' Tomato bushy stunt virus'' (TBSV). Genome All viruses in the ...'', , Columbia University CPMC infecting grapevine. References External links Tombusviridae [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelargonium Necrotic Spot Virus
''Pelargonium'' () is a genus of flowering plants that includes about 280 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly called geraniums, pelargoniums, or storksbills. '' Geranium'' is also the botanical name and common name of a separate genus of related plants, also known as cranesbills. Both genera belong to the family Geraniaceae. Carl Linnaeus originally included all the species in one genus, ''Geranium'', and they were later separated into two genera by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle in 1789. While ''Geranium'' species are mostly temperate herbaceous plants, dying down in winter, ''Pelargonium'' species are evergreen perennials indigenous to warm temperate and tropical regions of the world, with many species in southern Africa. They are drought and heat tolerant, but can tolerate only minor frosts. Some species are extremely popular garden plants, grown as houseplants and bedding plants in temperate regions. They have a long flowering period, with flowers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelargonium Leaf Curl Virus
''Pelargonium'' () is a genus of flowering plants that includes about 280 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly called geraniums, pelargoniums, or storksbills. '' Geranium'' is also the botanical name and common name of a separate genus of related plants, also known as cranesbills. Both genera belong to the family Geraniaceae. Carl Linnaeus originally included all the species in one genus, ''Geranium'', and they were later separated into two genera by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle in 1789. While ''Geranium'' species are mostly temperate herbaceous plants, dying down in winter, ''Pelargonium'' species are evergreen perennials indigenous to warm temperate and tropical regions of the world, with many species in southern Africa. They are drought and heat tolerant, but can tolerate only minor frosts. Some species are extremely popular garden plants, grown as houseplants and bedding plants in temperate regions. They have a long flowering period, with flowers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neckar River Virus
The Neckar () is a river in Germany, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, with a short section through Hesse. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the Rhine. Rising in the Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis near Schwenningen in the ''Schwenninger Moos'' conservation area at a height of above sea level, it passes through Rottweil, Rottenburg am Neckar, Kilchberg, Tübingen, Wernau, Nürtingen, Plochingen, Esslingen, Stuttgart, Ludwigsburg, Marbach, Heilbronn and Heidelberg, before discharging on average of water into the Rhine at Mannheim, at above sea level, making the Neckar its 4th largest tributary, and the 10th largest river in Germany. Since 1968, the Neckar has been navigable for cargo ships via 27 locks for about upstream from Mannheim to the river port of Plochingen, at the confluence with the Fils. From Plochingen to Stuttgart, the Neckar valley is densely populated and heavily industrialised, with several well-known companies. Betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
