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Thiothinone
Thiothinone (βk-MPA) is a stimulant that is the beta-keto substituted analog of methiopropamine and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is structurally related to methcathinone however the phenyl group has been substituted for thiophene instead. Thiothinone was also reported to be a pyrolysis product of methiopropamine. See also * 5-Cl-bk-MPA * α-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (α-PVT) * Methcathinone * Methiopropamine Methiopropamine (MPA) is a thiophene ring-based structural analog of methamphetamine originally reported in 1942. Chemically it is not a phenethylamine or amphetamine and is not their functional analog either. It originally appeared for publi ..., non-ketone counterpart References Cathinones Thiophenes Designer drugs Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors Stimulants {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathinones
Substituted cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug. List of substituted cathinones The derivatives may be produced by substitutions at four locations of the cathinone molecule: * R1 = hydrogen, or any combination of one or more alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy, haloalkyl or halide substituents * R2 = hydrogen or any alkyl group * R3 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure * R4 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure The following table displays notable derivatives that have been reported: Legality On 2 April 2010, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the UK announced that a broad structure-based b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methiopropamine
Methiopropamine (MPA) is a thiophene ring-based structural analog of methamphetamine originally reported in 1942. Chemically it is not a phenethylamine or amphetamine and is not their functional analog either. It originally appeared for public sale in the UK in December 2010 as a "research chemical" or "legal high", recently branded as Blow. It has limited popularity as a recreational stimulant. Pharmacology Methiopropamine functions as a selective norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor that is approximately 1.85 times more selective for norepinephrine than dopamine. It is approximately one third as potent as dextroamphetamine as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and one fifth as much as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It displays negligible activity as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Methiopropamine has the potential for significant acute toxicity with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and psychotic symptoms. Metabolism For ''N''-alkyl amphetamines, deamination an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone
α-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (also known as α-PVT) is a synthetic stimulant of the Substituted cathinone, cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is an Structural analog, analogue of Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone, α-PVP where the Phenyl group, phenyl ring has been replaced by thiophene. α-PVT was first identified in Japan in 2013. Its metabolism has been described in literature. Side effects α-PVT has been shown to possess high cytotoxicity against human cell lines. Legality Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying α-PVT as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014. α-PVT is a controlled substance in China. α-PVT is illegal in Switzerland . See also * alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone, α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) * Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone, α-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP) * Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone, α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP) * Methiopropamine * Naphyrone (O-2482) * Pyrovalerone (O-2371) * Thiopro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methiopropamine
Methiopropamine (MPA) is a thiophene ring-based structural analog of methamphetamine originally reported in 1942. Chemically it is not a phenethylamine or amphetamine and is not their functional analog either. It originally appeared for public sale in the UK in December 2010 as a "research chemical" or "legal high", recently branded as Blow. It has limited popularity as a recreational stimulant. Pharmacology Methiopropamine functions as a selective norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor that is approximately 1.85 times more selective for norepinephrine than dopamine. It is approximately one third as potent as dextroamphetamine as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and one fifth as much as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It displays negligible activity as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Methiopropamine has the potential for significant acute toxicity with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and psychotic symptoms. Metabolism For ''N''-alkyl amphetamines, deamination an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have Sympathomimetic drug, sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or Prohibition (drugs), illicitly) as performance-enhancing substance, performance-enhancing or recreational drug use, recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or ''Comedown (drugs), comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Analog
A structural analog (analogue in modern traditional English; Commonwealth English), also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or substructures. A structural analog can be imagined to be formed, at least theoretically, from the other compound. Structural analogs are often isoelectronic. Despite a high chemical similarity, structural analogs are not necessarily functional analogs and can have very different physical, chemical, biochemical, or pharmacological properties. In drug discovery, either a large series of structural analogs of an initial lead compound are created and tested as part of a structure–activity relationship study or a database is screened for structural analogs of a lead compound. Chemical analogues of il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects, and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human trials, the use of some of these drugs may result i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methcathinone
Methcathinone (α-methylamino-propiophenone or ephedrone) (sometimes called "cat" or "jeff" or "catnip" or "M-Kat" or "kat" or "intash" ) is a monoamine alkaloid and psychoactive stimulant, a substituted cathinone. It is used as a recreational drug due to its potent stimulant and euphoric effects and is considered to be addictive, with both physical and psychological withdrawal occurring if its use is discontinued after prolonged or high-dosage administration. It is usually snorted, but can be smoked, injected, or taken orally. Methcathinone is listed as a Schedule I controlled substance by the Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the United States' Controlled Substances Act, and as such it is not considered to be safe or effective in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention, or cure of any disease, and has no approved medical use. Possession and distribution of methcathinone for the purpose of human consumption is illegal under any/all circumstances in the United States and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrolysis
The pyrolysis (or devolatilization) process is the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures, often in an inert atmosphere. It involves a change of chemical composition. The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements ''pyro'' "fire", "heat", "fever" and '' lysis'' "separating". Pyrolysis is most commonly used in the treatment of organic materials. It is one of the processes involved in charring wood.''Burning of wood'' , InnoFireWood's website. Accessed on 2010-02-06. In general, pyrolysis of organic substances produces volatile products and leaves , a carbon-rich solid residue. Extreme pyrolysis, which leaves mostly |
5-Cl-bk-MPA
5-Chloro-β-keto-methiopropamine (5-Cl-βk-MPA) is a recreational designer drug with stimulant effects. It is a substituted cathinone derivative with a thiophene core, closely related to better known drugs such as βk-Methiopropamine and mephedrene. It was first identified in Hungary in 2017, and was made illegal in Hungary in 2018, and in Italy in 2020. See also * 3-Chloromethamphetamine * 3-Chloromethcathinone 3-Chloromethcathinone (also known as 3-CMC and clophedrone) is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug, mainly in European countries such as Ireland, Italy, Poland and Sweden. The pharmacology of 3- ... References Cathinones Designer drugs Thiophenes Chloroarenes {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methcathinone
Methcathinone (α-methylamino-propiophenone or ephedrone) (sometimes called "cat" or "jeff" or "catnip" or "M-Kat" or "kat" or "intash" ) is a monoamine alkaloid and psychoactive stimulant, a substituted cathinone. It is used as a recreational drug due to its potent stimulant and euphoric effects and is considered to be addictive, with both physical and psychological withdrawal occurring if its use is discontinued after prolonged or high-dosage administration. It is usually snorted, but can be smoked, injected, or taken orally. Methcathinone is listed as a Schedule I controlled substance by the Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the United States' Controlled Substances Act, and as such it is not considered to be safe or effective in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention, or cure of any disease, and has no approved medical use. Possession and distribution of methcathinone for the purpose of human consumption is illegal under any/all circumstances in the United States and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thiophenes
Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. Consisting of a planar five-membered ring, it is aromatic as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. It is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor. In most of its reactions, it resembles benzene. Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan (C4H4O), selenophene (C4H4Se) and pyrrole (C4H4NH), which each vary by the heteroatom in the ring. Isolation and occurrence Thiophene was discovered as a contaminant in benzene. It was observed that isatin (an indole) forms a blue dye if it is mixed with sulfuric acid and crude benzene. The formation of the blue indophenin had long been believed to be a reaction of benzene itself. Viktor Meyer was able to isolate thiophene as the actual substance responsible for this reaction. Thiophene and especially its derivatives occur in petroleum, sometimes in concentrations up to 1–3%. The thiophenic content of oil and coal is removed via the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
