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Thermotoga
''Thermotoga'' is a genus of the phylum ''Thermotogota''. Members of ''Thermotoga'' are hyperthermophilic bacteria whose cell is wrapped in a unique sheath-like outer membrane, called a "toga". The members of the phylum stain Gram-negative as they possess a thin peptidoglycan in between two lipid bilayers, albeit both peculiar. The peptidoglycan is unusual as the crosslink is not only meso-diaminopimelate as occurs in Pseudomonadota, but D-lysine.All proteinogenic amino acids have the L- configuration; in peptidoglycan some amino acids with the D- configuration are present. Lysine is synthesised from meso-diaminopimelate by Diaminopimelate decarboxylase The species are anaerobes with varying degrees of oxygen tolerance. They are capable of reducing elemental sulphur (S0) to hydrogen sulphide, which in turn can be used. Whether thermophily is an innovation of the lineage or an ancestral trait is unclear and cannot be determined. The genome of '' Thermotoga maritima'' was sequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Naphthophila
''Thermotoga naphthophila'' is a hyperthermophile, hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-10T. Taxonomy Taxonomical meaning The taxonomic information for ''Thermotoga naphthophila'' is the following: ''Domain, Bacteria''''; Phylum, Thermotogae'' ''; Order, Thermotogales'' ''; Family, Thermotogaceae'' ''; Genus, Thermotoga''''; Species, T. naphthophila'' ''.'' Thermotoga naphthophila is an Anaerobic organism, anaerobic, sulfur-compound fixing, hyperthermophile. The species name is originally Greek mythology, Greek. The term "naphtha" means a light petroleum substance that dilutes minerals to bitumen and "-philos" means love. This translation of the species name combines to form "bitumen-loving". Phylogeny ''Thermotoga naphthophila'' can be found under strain types RKU-10, DSM-13996, and JCM-10882T. ''T. naphthophila'' cell size ranges within 2-7 micrometers (\mu''m)'' long by 0.7- 1.0 \mu''m'' wide. Based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotogota
The Thermotogota are a phylum of the domain Bacteria. The phylum Thermotogota is composed of Gram-negative staining, anaerobic, and mostly thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria.Gupta, RS (2014) The Phylum Thermotogae. The Prokaryotes 989-1015. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Characteristics The name of this phylum is derived from the existence of many of these organisms at high temperatures along with the characteristic sheath structure, or "toga", surrounding the cells of these species.Reysenbach, A.-L. (2001) Phylum BII. Thermotogae phy. nov. In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, pp. 369-387. Eds D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz. Springer-Verlag: Berlin. Recently, some Thermotogota existing at moderate temperatures have also been identified. Although Thermotogota species exhibit Gram-negative staining, they are bounded by a single-unit lipid membrane, hence they are monoderm bacteria. Because of the ability of some Thermotogota species to thrive at high temperatures, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Thermarum
''Thermotoga'' is a genus of the phylum ''Thermotogota''. Members of ''Thermotoga'' are hyperthermophilic bacteria whose cell is wrapped in a unique sheath-like outer membrane, called a "toga". The members of the phylum stain Gram-negative as they possess a thin peptidoglycan in between two lipid bilayers, albeit both peculiar. The peptidoglycan is unusual as the crosslink is not only meso-diaminopimelate as occurs in Pseudomonadota, but D-lysine.All proteinogenic amino acids have the L- configuration; in peptidoglycan some amino acids with the D- configuration are present. Lysine is synthesised from meso-diaminopimelate by Diaminopimelate decarboxylase The species are anaerobes with varying degrees of oxygen tolerance. They are capable of reducing elemental sulphur (S0) to hydrogen sulphide, which in turn can be used. Whether thermophily is an innovation of the lineage or an ancestral trait is unclear and cannot be determined. The genome of ''Thermotoga maritima'' was sequence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Caldifontis
''Thermotoga'' is a genus of the phylum ''Thermotogota''. Members of ''Thermotoga'' are hyperthermophilic bacteria whose cell is wrapped in a unique sheath-like outer membrane, called a "toga". The members of the phylum stain Gram-negative as they possess a thin peptidoglycan in between two lipid bilayers, albeit both peculiar. The peptidoglycan is unusual as the crosslink is not only meso-diaminopimelate as occurs in Pseudomonadota, but D-lysine.All proteinogenic amino acids have the L- configuration; in peptidoglycan some amino acids with the D- configuration are present. Lysine is synthesised from meso-diaminopimelate by Diaminopimelate decarboxylase The species are anaerobes with varying degrees of oxygen tolerance. They are capable of reducing elemental sulphur (S0) to hydrogen sulphide, which in turn can be used. Whether thermophily is an innovation of the lineage or an ancestral trait is unclear and cannot be determined. The genome of ''Thermotoga maritima'' was sequence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Profunda
''Thermotoga'' is a genus of the phylum ''Thermotogota''. Members of ''Thermotoga'' are hyperthermophilic bacteria whose cell is wrapped in a unique sheath-like outer membrane, called a "toga". The members of the phylum stain Gram-negative as they possess a thin peptidoglycan in between two lipid bilayers, albeit both peculiar. The peptidoglycan is unusual as the crosslink is not only meso-diaminopimelate as occurs in Pseudomonadota, but D-lysine.All proteinogenic amino acids have the L- configuration; in peptidoglycan some amino acids with the D- configuration are present. Lysine is synthesised from meso-diaminopimelate by Diaminopimelate decarboxylase The species are anaerobes with varying degrees of oxygen tolerance. They are capable of reducing elemental sulphur (S0) to hydrogen sulphide, which in turn can be used. Whether thermophily is an innovation of the lineage or an ancestral trait is unclear and cannot be determined. The genome of ''Thermotoga maritima'' was sequence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Neapolitana
''Thermotoga neapolitana'' is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales. Discovery ''Thermotoga neapolitana'' was discovered in 1985 in Lucrino, Italy in a hotspring environment by Shimshon Belkin, Carl. O Wirsen, and Holger W. Jannasch of the University of California, Berkeley. Habitat and environmental conditions ''Thermotoga neapolitana'' is considered thermophilic with a livable temperature range of 50–95 °C. The optimum temperature was found to be 77 °C, making it nearly hyperthermophilic. There is also evidence that it could be found in saline environments, due to its ability to thrive in moderately halophilic environments. Physical properties ''Thermotoga neapolitana'' is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium. It is distinguishable by a thick periplasmic cell wall. Generally, they are found to be 0.2–5 μm, but they may reach sizes of up to 100 μm. It is non-sporulating - this along with its rod-shape and Gram-negativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Maritima
''Thermotoga maritima'' is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales. ''T. maritima'' is well known for its ability to produce hydrogen (clean energy) and it is the only fermentative bacterium that has been shown to produce Hydrogen more than the Thauer limit (>4 mol H2 /mol glucose). It employs eFehydrogenases to produce hydrogen gas (H2) by fermenting many different types of carbohydrates. History First discovered in the sediment of a marine geothermal area near Vulcano, Italy, ''Thermotoga maritima'' resides in hot springs as well as hydrothermal vents. The ideal environment for the organism is a water temperature of , though it is capable of growing in waters of . ''Thermotoga maritima'' is the only bacterium known to grow at this high a temperature; the only other organisms known to live in environments this extreme are members of the domain Archaea. The hyperthermophilic abilities of ''T. maritima'', along with its deep l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Petrophila
''Thermotoga petrophila'' is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-1T. ''T. petrophila'' was first discovered and isolated from an oil reservoir off of the coast of Japan and was deemed genetically distinct from its sister clades. Because these organism are found in deep, hot aquatic settings, they have become of great interest for biotechnology due to their enzymes functioning at high temperatures and pressures. Description ''T. petrophila'' strain RKU-1 belongs to one of the deepest branching bacteria phyla, Thermotogota, but it is a member of a later branching clade within its genus Thermotoga. ''T. petrophila'' was first isolated from an oil reserve off the coast of Japan in 2001. This was the first time that this novel organism was morphologically and genetically described. Morphological Characteristic ''T. petrophila'' are rod shaped bacteria containing a sheath like structure that balloons at both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Elfii
''Thermotoga elfii'' is a rod-shaped, glucose-fermenting bacterium. The type strain of ''T. elfii'' is SEBR 6459T. The genus ''Thermotoga'' was originally thought to be strictly found surrounding submarine hydrothermal vents, but this organism was subsequently isolated in African oil wells in 1995. A protective outer sheath allows this microbe to be thermophilic. This organism cannot function in the presence of oxygen making it strictly anaerobic. Some research proposes that the thiosulfate-reducing qualities in this organism could lead to decreased bio-corrosion in oil equipment in industrial settings. History Discovery The genus ''Thermotoga'', previously thought only to be found around submarine hydrothermal vents, was discovered in North Sea oil wells. Due to this discovery, other wells in the area began being investigated, leading to the discovery of ''Thermotoga elfii'' in African oil wells in April 1995. ''T. elfii'' was gathered in a one-liter sample at the head of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Hypogea
''Thermotoga hypogea'' is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales. It is thermophilic A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Many thermophiles are archaea, though they can be bacteria or fungi. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earl ..., xylanolytic, glucose-fermenting, strictly anaerobic and rod-shaped. The type strain of T. hypogea is SEBR 7054 (= DSM 11164). References Further reading * *Salma, Fariha. "Investigation of β-xylosidase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase and acetylesterase from Thermotoga hypogea." (2008). *Dworkin, Martin, and Stanley Falkow, eds. The Prokaryotes: Vol. 7: Proteobacteria: Delta and Epsilon Subclasses. Deeply Rooting Bacteria. Vol. 7. Springer, 2006. * * External links *LPSN [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotoga Lettingae
''Thermotoga lettingae'' is a thermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ... bacterium, with type strain TMOT. References Further reading *Dworkin, Martin, and Stanley Falkow, eds. The Prokaryotes: Vol. 7: Proteobacteria: Delta and Epsilon Subclasses. Deeply Rooting Bacteria. Vol. 7. Springer, 2006. * External links *LPSN Thermophiles Thermotogota Bacteria described in 2002 {{bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Phyla
Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain ''Bacteria''. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition is that a bacterial phylum is a monophyletic lineage of bacteria whose 16S rRNA genes share a pairwise sequence identity of ~75% or less with those of the members of other bacterial phyla. It has been estimated that ~1,300 bacterial phyla exist. As of May 2020, 41 bacterial phyla are formally accepted by the LPSN, 89 bacterial phyla are recognized on thSilva database dozens more have been proposed, and hundreds likely remain to be discovered. As of 2017, approximately 72% of widely recognized bacterial phyla were candidate phyla (i.e. have no cultured representatives). There are no fixed rules to the nomenclature of bacterial phyla. It was proposed that the suffix "-bacteria" be used for phyla. List of bacterial phyla The following is a list of bacterial phyla that have been proposed. Supergroups Despite the unclear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
