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The Togliattiazot Affair
The Togliattiazot Affair is a series of events connected to criminal proceedings against the owners and executives of the Russian firm Togliattiazot (Toaz) and their foreign partners. The case spanned 14 years, from 2005 to 2019, and resulted in the owners and executives receiving prison sentences of between 8.5 and 9 years. The activity of the involved parties was described as "a threat to ussia’seconomic activity" by the Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Alexander Bastrykin. Togliattiazot is the largest ammonia producer in Russia, with an estimated global market share of 7.6%. Case background Privatization of Togliattiazot and Transammiak pipeline In 1985, Vladimir Nikolaevich Makhlai was appointed director of Toaz Industrial Group in Togliatti. The plant was built according to the project and with the money of American businessman Armand Hammer and his company Oxydental Petroleum. The production was export-oriented and connected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TogliattiAzot
TogliattiAzot (russian: ТольяттиАзот) is a Russian chemical company that has been described as the world's largest ammonia producer. It is headquartered in Tolyatti, Russia. The main ammonia plant in Tolyatti was constructed as a joint project of the Soviet Government and Armand Hammer. TogliattiAzot started operations in 1979. The Tolyatti-Odessa ammonia pipeline, the longest ammonia pipeline in the world, is operated by Transammiak. A marine ammonia terminal is under construction at Port Taman near Taman, Russia. Following the severe financial difficulties experienced during the past 10 years by the city's other major employer, AvtoVAZ, TogliattiAzot has been responsible for providing most of the services and social programs to Tolyatti, a city of 720,000 inhabitants. TogliattiAzot is one of the largest taxpayers in the Samara region. History Construction on the first TogliattiAzot nitrogen plant commenced in 1974. The factory and plant were commissioned as par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruble
The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union. , currencies named ''ruble'' in circulation include the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus and the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia. Additionally, the Transnistrian ruble is used in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway province of Moldova. These currencies are subdivided into one hundred Kopek, kopeks. No kopek is currently formally subdivided, although denga, ''denga'' (½ kopek) and polushka, ''polushka'' (½ denga, thus ¼ kopek) were minted until the 19th century. Historically, the grivna, ruble and denga were used in Russia as measurements of weight. In 1704, as a result of monetary reforms by Peter the Great, the ruble became the first Decimalisation, decimal currency. The silver ruble was used until 1897 and the gold ruble was used until 1917. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Tax Service (Russia)
The Federal Taxation Service (russian: Федеральная налоговая служба, Federalnaya nalogovaya sluzhba) or shortly FNS (russian: ФНС) is a federal body of executive authority responsible for carrying out state registration of legal entities and natural persons as individual entrepreneurs and farmsteads. It was formed on March 19, 2004, after the dissolution of the Ministry for Taxes and Levies. It is also a federal body of executive authority responsible for ensuring the presentation of claims for mandatory payments in bankruptcy cases and bankruptcy procedures, as well as the Russian Federation's claims under monetary obligations. The Service's HQ is located in 23 Neglinnaya Street, Moscow. Daniil Yegorov is the current director of the Federal Taxation Service. History The service was formed in 1991 as The State Taxes Service (Госналогслужба РФ). In December 1998 it was elevated to the rank of Ministry for Tax and Revenue of Russia. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chairperson
The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group, presides over meetings of the group, and conducts the group's business in an orderly fashion. In some organizations, the chairperson is also known as ''president'' (or other title). In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. Also, the chairman term may be used in a neutral manner not directly implying the gender of the holder. Terminology Terms for the office and its holder include ''chair'', ''chairperson'', ''chairman'', ''chairwoman'', ''convenor'', ''facilitator'', '' moderator'', ''president'', and ''presiding officer''. The chairperson of a parliamentary chamber is often called the ''speaker''. ''Chair'' has been used to refer to a seat or office of authority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Makhlai
Sergei Vladimirovich Makhlai, a.k.a. George Mack (US name change) (Russian: Махлай Сергей Владимирович; born February 16, 1969) is a Russian businessman and majority shareholder of TogliattiAzot, one of the world's largest producers of ammonia, chairman of the board of directors of TogliattiAzot in 2012–2017. Family and education Sergei Vladimirovich Makhlai was born in 1969 in Gubakha, Perm Krai, where he also attended school. From 1987 to 1989, he performed mandatory military service. He then worked for several years in various middle management roles with construction companies in Togliatti. In 1993, he graduated from Togliatti State University with an undergraduate degree in engineering. He later obtained an MBA at the University of North Carolina. Shortly after obtaining his MBA, Sergei Makhlai was granted US citizenship. Currently, he lives in the United States under the name of George Mack. Career Since 2004, he has been a member of the boa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Executive Officer
A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization especially an independent legal entity such as a company or nonprofit institution. CEOs find roles in a range of organizations, including public and private corporations, non-profit organizations and even some government organizations (notably state-owned enterprises). The CEO of a corporation or company typically reports to the board of directors and is charged with maximizing the value of the business, which may include maximizing the share price, market share, revenues or another element. In the non-profit and government sector, CEOs typically aim at achieving outcomes related to the organization's mission, usually provided by legislation. CEOs are also frequently assigned the role of main manager of the organization and the highest-ranking offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corporate Raid
In business, a corporate raid is the process of buying a large stake in a corporation and then using shareholder voting rights to require the company to undertake novel measures designed to increase the share value, generally in opposition to the desires and practices of the corporation's current management. The measures might include replacing top executives, downsizing operations, or liquidating the company. Corporate raids were particularly common between the 1970s and the 1990s in the United States. By the end of the 1980s, management of many large publicly traded corporations had adopted legal countermeasures designed to thwart potential hostile takeovers and corporate raids, including poison pills, golden parachutes, and increases in debt levels on the company's balance sheet. In later years, some corporate raiding practices have been used by "activist shareholders", who purchase equity stakes in a corporation to influence its board of directors and put public pressur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saratov
Saratov (, ; rus, Сара́тов, a=Ru-Saratov.ogg, p=sɐˈratəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River upstream (north) of Volgograd. Saratov had a population of 901,361, making it the 17th-largest city in Russia by population. Saratov is from Volgograd, from Samara, and southeast of Moscow. The city stands near the site of Uvek, a city of the Golden Horde. Tsar Feodor I of Russia likely developed Saratov as a fortress to secure Russia's southeastern border. Saratov developed as a shipping port along the Volga and was historically important to the Volga Germans, who settled in large numbers in the city before they were expelled after World War II. Saratov is home to a number of cultural and educational institutions, including the Saratov Drama Theater, Saratov Conservatory, Radishchev Art Museum, Saratov State Technical University, and Saratov State University. Etymology The name Sarat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of Arbitration Of Russia
The High Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation (also translated as the Supreme Court of Arbitration or the Higher Arbitration Court; Russian: ) was the court of final instance in commercial disputes in Russia from 1992 to 2014. Additionally, it supervised the work of lower courts of arbitration and gave interpretation of laws and elucidations concerning their implementations, which are compulsory for lower courts. It was replaced by a 30-Judge Judicial Chamber for Commercial Disputes that is part of an expanded Russian Supreme Court effective August 8, 2014. History Commercial arbitrations in Russia existed long before the October Revolution, though their powers were very limited. They were abolished immediately after the revolution. In 1922 the Supreme Arbitration Commission, attached to the Councitate Arbitration of the USSR was to resolve disputes about contracts exchanged between enterprises subordinate to various governmental agencies. The disputes arising within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avtozavodsky District
Avtozavodsky City District is the name of several city divisions in Russia. The name literally means "''pertaining to an automotive plant''". * Avtozavodsky City District, Nizhny Novgorod, a city district of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast * Avtozavodsky City District, Tolyatti, a city district of Tolyatti, a city in Samara Oblast See also * Avtozavodsky (other) References {{Set index article, Russian districts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kommersant
''Kommersant'' (russian: Коммерсантъ, , ''The Businessman'' or Commerce Man, often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business. The TNS Media and NRS Russia certified July 2013 circulation of the daily was 120,000–130,000. It is owned by Alisher Usmanov. History In 1989, with the onset of press freedom in Russia, ''Kommersant'' was founded under the ownership of businessman and publicist Vladimir Yakovlev. The first issue was released in January 1990. It was modeled after Western business journalism. The newspaper's title is spelled in Russian with a terminal hard sign (ъ) – a letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus largely abolished by the post-revolution Russian spelling reform, in reference to a pre-Soviet newspaper of the same name active between 1909 and 1917. This is played up in the Kommersant logo, which features a script hard sign at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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