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The Crusader Army Of Godfrey Of Bouillon
The army of Godfrey of Bouillon, the duke of Lower Lorraine, in response to the call by Pope Urban II to both liberate Jerusalem from Muslim forces and protect the Byzantine Empire from similar attacks. Godfrey and his army, one of several Frankish forces deployed during the First Crusade, was among the first to arrive in Constantinople. The army was unique in that it included among its warriors the first three kings of Jerusalem, although Godfrey preferred the title Defender of the Holy Sepulchre, '' Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri,'' as he believed that the true King of Jerusalem was Christ. This article focuses on the members of the army rather that its exploits which are described in detail in Godfrey’s biography as well as numerous sources listed below. Family and Household of Godfrey The family and household of Godfrey include the following. Note that Godfrey’s older brother Eustace III, Count of Boulogne, may have accompanied his brother but more likely traveled with R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Godfrey Of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon (, , , ; 18 September 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a French nobleman and pre-eminent leader of the First Crusade. First ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100, he avoided the title of king, preferring that of prince (''princeps'') and ''Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri'', or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre. Second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Godfrey became Lord of Bouillon in 1076 and in 1087 Emperor Henry IV confirmed him as Duke of Lower Lorraine, a reward for his support during the Great Saxon Revolt. Along with his brothers Eustace III and Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey joined the First Crusade in 1096. He took part in actions at Nicaea, Dorylaeum and Antioch, before playing a key role during the capture of Jerusalem in 1099. When Raymond IV of Toulouse declined the offer to become ruler of the new kingdom, Godfrey accepted the role and secured his kingdom by defeating the Fatimids at Ascalon a month later, bringing the First Crusade to an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaffa
Jaffa, in Hebrew Yafo ( he, יָפוֹ, ) and in Arabic Yafa ( ar, يَافَا) and also called Japho or Joppa, the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, is an ancient port city in Israel. Jaffa is known for its association with the biblical stories of Jonah, Solomon and Saint Peter as well as the mythological story of Andromeda and Perseus, and later for its oranges. Today, Jaffa is one of Israel's mixed cities, with approximately 37% of the city being Arab. Etymology The town was mentioned in Egyptian sources and the Amarna letters as ''Yapu''. Mythology says that it is named for Yafet (Japheth), one of the sons of Noah, the one who built it after the Flood. The Hellenist tradition links the name to ''Iopeia'', or Cassiopeia, mother of Andromeda. An outcropping of rocks near the harbor is reputed to have been the place where Andromeda was rescued by Perseus. Pliny the Elder associated the name with Iopa, daughter of Aeolus, god of the wind. The medieval Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lambert, Count Of Montaigu
Lambert (died 1140 or after), Count of Montaigu and , son of Conon, Count of Montaigu. Lambert was also Seigneur de Rochefort, Advocate of Dinant, and Advocate of Saint-Symphorien-des-Bois. As reported by both Albert of Aix and William of Tyre, Lambert and his brother Gozelo took a major role in the First Crusade, participating in the Siege of Nicaea in 1097. Lambert was present at the siege of Acre in 1098, which finally fell after four years. He commanded one of the corps of the army of Godfrey of Bouillon, resulting in the capture of Antioch in 1098. Along with his father and Peter the Hermit, he founded Neufmoustier Abbey. Lambert was married although there is some confusion as to his wife. Europäische Stammtafeln lists two possibilities. First is Gertrud de Louvain, daughter of Henry III, Count of Louvain, and Gertrude of Flanders. Second is an unnamed daughter of Giselbert, Count of Clermont. The speculation on the second possibility is based on the connection be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gozelo II, Count Of Montaigu
Gozelo II (died 1097), presumed Count of Montaigu, son of Conon, Count of Montaigu, and Ida of Boulogne, sister of Godfrey, first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. As the eldest son of Conon, it is assumed that he became the count upon his father's death in 1096. As reported by both Albert of Aix and William of Tyre, Gozelo and his brother Lambert (the heirs of the count of Mortagne) took a major role in the First Crusade, participating in the Siege of Nicaea in 1097. They then joined the army of Robert II, Count of Flanders, marching on Antioch. Gozelo never made it to the subsequent siege, dying of disease in Artah Artah ( ar, أرتاح; modern-day Reyhanlı) was a medieval town and castle located 25 miles east-northeast of Antioch, to the east of the Iron Bridge on the Roman road from Antioch to Aleppo. History After the reconquest of Antioch by the Byzant .... Gozelo left no heirs and was succeeded by his brother Lambert as Count of Montaigu. References Bibliography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conon, Count Of Montaigu
Conon (also Cono or Cuno; died 1 May 1106) was a Lotharingian nobleman and military leader of the First Crusade. He was one of the most prominent lords of the Ardennes, being the count of Montaigu, lord of Rochefort and advocate (defender) of the city of Dinant from 1064. He was also one of the most important vassals of the bishop of Liège, holding the county of Huy from the church. His chief seat was the castle of Montaigu, while the castle at Huy was the redoubt of the bishops.. Family Conon was the eldest son of Gozelo, count of Montaigu, and his wife Ermentrude of Harenzey. His younger brother Henry was the dean of the cathedral of Saint Lambert in Liège. Conon's only known wife was named Ida. According to the medieval English historian Orderic Vitalis, Conon married a sister of Godfrey of Bouillon. Godfrey is not otherwise known to have had a sister, but his mother was also named Ida. In contrast, the '' Cantatorium'', the chronicle of the abbey of Saint-Hubert, records ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Siege Of Arsuf
The first siege of Arsuf, originally Apollonia, took place in 1099, just after the First Crusade. It was carried out by Godfrey of Bouillon after the city failed to pay a previously agreed tribute. The attempt to capture the city failed for want of ships. Background Arsuf was an ancient city in Judea dating from the late Roman era, situated on a cliff above the Mediterranean Sea, about 21 miles south of Caesarea, now in Israel. The city fell to the Muslims in 640 and was fortified to protect against attacks by the Byzantine armies. Godfrey reached an agreement with the citizens of Arsuf after it was known that he intended to stay in Jerusalem and reconciled with Raymond of Toulouse. The treaty stated that Arsuf would pay tribute to Godfrey and included an exchange of hostages that included Godfrey's knight, Gerard of Avesnes. However the Muslim hostages escaped, giving Arsuf no reason to pay their tribute. Godfrey subsequently besieged the city in October. Siege An account by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vassals Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem
The Crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, created in 1099, was divided into a number of smaller seigneuries. According to the 13th-century jurist John of Ibelin, the four highest crown vassals (referred to as barons) in the kingdom proper were the count of Jaffa and Ascalon, the prince of Galilee, the lord of Sidon, and the lord of Oultrejordain. There were also a number of independent seigneuries, and some land held under direct royal control, such as Jerusalem itself, Acre and Tyre. Northern states Aside from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, there were also three other major Crusader states in the Near East: *County of Edessa *County of Tripoli *Principality of Antioch These states nominally bore some dependency on the kingdom of Jerusalem. The king of Jerusalem was bound to reconcile them in case of disputes, or between a vassal prince and the Latin patriarch of Antioch, and could claim the regency in case of a vacancy or minority in their successions. Edessa was perh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gervaise Of Bazoches
Gervase of Bazoches, who is also known as Gervaise (died in Damascus in May 1108), was Prince of Galilee from 1105/1106 until his death. He was born into a French noble family but migrated to the Holy Land, where King Baldwin I of Jerusalem made him senechal in the early 1100s and appointed him prince of Galilee in 1105/1106. Gervase was captured during a raid by Toghtekin, atabeg of Damascus, who had Gervase executed after Baldwin I refused to surrender three important towns in exchange for Gervase's release. Early life The contemporaneous Guibert of Nogent described Gervase as a "knight ... of noble blood, from the castle of Basilcas in Soissons". Albert of Aix referred to Gervase as "a famous and very noble man who was born in the realm of western France". Gervase's brother Hugh was lord of Bazoches-sur-Vesles, a village near Soissons. They were related to the lords of Milly. Gervase was the advocate of the church in Mont-Notre-Dame before he settled in the Holy Lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Of Galilee
The principality of Galilee was one of the four major seigneuries of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin, grandson of Balian. The direct holdings of the principality centred around Tiberias, in Galilee proper, but with all its vassals, the lordship covered all Galilee (now Israel) and southern Phoenicia (today Lebanon). The independent Lordship of Sidon was located between Galilee's holdings. The principality also had its own vassals: the Lordships of Beirut, Nazareth, and Haifa. The principality was established, at least in name, in 1099 when Tancred was given Tiberias, Haifa, and Bethsan by Godfrey of Bouillon. In 1101, Baldwin I limited Tancred's power by giving Haifa to Geldemar Carpenel, and Tancred was forced to give up the principality and become regent in Antioch. The principality became the fief of the families of St. Omer, Montfaucon (Falcomberques), and then Bures, and its main seat was in Tiberias; thus it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Of Fauquembergues
Hugh of Fauquembergues, also known as Hugh of St Omer, Hugh of Falkenberg, or Hugh of Falchenberg ( la, Hugo de Falchenberch; died in 1105 or 1106) was Prince of Galilee from 1101 to his death. He was Lord of Fauquembergues before joining the First Crusade. Baldwin I of Jerusalem granted him Galilee after its first prince, Tancred, who was Baldwin's opponent, had voluntarily renounced it. Hugh assisted Baldwin against the Fatimids and made raids into Seljuk territories. He established the castles of Toron and Chastel Neuf (at present-day Tebnine and Hunin, respectively). He died fighting against Toghtekin, Atabeg of Damascus. Early life Hugh's parentage is unknown, but William of Tyre called him "Hugo de Sancto Aldemaro", suggesting that he was descended from the powerful family of the hereditary castellans of Saint-Omer. He was the lord of the nearby Fauquembergues. A contemporary poem written by an unknown author listed Hugh among the first crusaders from the Diocese of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giselbert, Count Of Clermont
Giselbert (Gilbert) (d. after 1097), once Count of Clermont, son of Widrich II (d. after 1062), who in turn was son of Widrich I (d. before 1062), the first Count of Clermont, and his wife Hersende, ex-wife of Hildrad (Hezelin), Count of :fr:Grandpré. Giselbert's sister was Ermengarde, whose first husband was Gozelon, Count of Montaigu (and so she was grandmother of Lambert, Count of Montaigu and Clermont), and second husband was Fredelon of Esch, who practiced brigandage with Giselbert. Documents from 1083 relate how the church at St. Paul at Liège possessed property at Nandrin near the castle of Clermont. Giselbert and Fredelon terrorized the region so that the inhabitants could not do basic tasks for survival, such as gathering wood or tilling the soil. Henri de Verdun, Bishop of Liège, gave the advocacy of this land to the adjacent landowner, Conon, Count of Montaigu, and forced Giselbert and Fredelon to restore the damage they had wrought. Giselbert married a woman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lords Of Esch
In the 10th through 13th centuries, the Lords of Esch (French ''seigneurs d'Esch'') were the holders of the castle of Esch-sur-Sûre in the Ardennes region of Lower Lorraine, then a part of the Holy Roman Empire. Fredelo Fredelo (or Frithelo, French ''Fredelon'') (d. between 1083 and 1085), of unknown parentage, was the patriarch of the house of Esch, which produced several notable knights in service of the Crusades. Fredelon's family were likely vassals of Henry III, Count of Luxembourg, and his brother and successor William. Fredelon was avoué (or vogt) of the abbeys of Malmedy and Echternach, and also known to be their despoiler. Fredelon was an accomplice to Giselbert, Count of Clermont, in a variety of nefarious enterprises. Fredelon and Giselbert terrorized the region near Nandrin preventing inhabitants from performing even the basic of tasks. Henri de Verdun, Bishop of Liège, gave this land to Conon, Count of Montaigu, forcing Fredelon and Giselbert to restore the resu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
