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Tetrahydrobenzaldehyde
1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrobenzaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C6H9CHO. This colorless liquid is formally a partially hydrogenated derivative of benzaldehyde. It is produced by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein to butadiene. It is of interest as a precursor to 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3′,4′-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, a useful resin and precursor to industrial coatings. The conversion entails the Tishchenko reaction, i.e., base-catalyzed conversion to the ester followed by double epoxidation In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether () with a three-atom ring. This ring approximates an equilateral triangle, which makes it strained, and hence highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for .... {{clear-left References Aldehydes Cyclohexenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is the simplest aromatic aldehyde and one of the most industrially useful. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor. The primary component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. Synthetic benzaldehyde is the flavoring agent in imitation almond extract, which is used to flavor cakes and other baked goods. History Benzaldehyde was first extracted in 1803 by the French pharmacist Martrès. His experiments focused on elucidating the nature of amygdalin, the poisonous material found in bitter almonds, the fruit of ''Prunus dulcis''. Further work on the oil by Pierre Robiquet and Antoine Boutron-Charlard, two French chemists, produced benzaldehyde. In 1832, Friedrich Wöhler and Justus von Liebig first synthesized benzaldehyde. Production As of 1999, 7000 tonnes of synthetic and 100 tonnes of natural b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrolein
Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is a colorless liquid with a piercing, acrid smell. The smell of burnt fat (as when cooking oil is heated to its smoke point) is caused by glycerol in the burning fat breaking down into acrolein. It is produced industrially from propylene and mainly used as a biocide and a building block to other chemical compounds, such as the amino acid methionine. History Acrolein was first named and characterized as an aldehyde by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1839. He had been working with it as a thermal degradation product of glycerol, a material used in the manufacture of soap. The name is a contraction of ‘acrid’ (referring to its pungent smell) and ‘oleum’ (referring to its oil-like consistency). In the 20th century, acrolein became an important intermediate for the industrial production of acrylic acid and acrylic plastics. Production Acrolein is prepared industrially by oxidation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene () is the organic compound with the formula (CH2=CH)2. It is a colorless gas that is easily condensed to a liquid. It is important industrially as a precursor to synthetic rubber. The molecule can be viewed as the union of two vinyl groups. It is the simplest conjugated diene. Although butadiene breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, it is nevertheless found in ambient air in urban and suburban areas as a consequence of its constant emission from motor vehicles. The name butadiene can also refer to the isomer, 1,2-butadiene, which is a cumulated diene with structure H2C=C=CH−CH3. This allene has no industrial significance. History In 1863, the French chemist E. Caventou isolated butadiene from the pyrolysis of amyl alcohol. This hydrocarbon was identified as butadiene in 1886, after Henry Edward Armstrong isolated it from among the pyrolysis products of petroleum. In 1910, the Russian chemist Sergei Lebedev polymerized butadiene and obtained a material wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane Carboxylate
3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ECC) is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin which is used in many industrial applications. It reacts by cationic polymerization using thermolatent photoinitiators to form crosslinked insoluble thermosets. Formulations based on cycloaliphatic epoxy resins such as ECC are known to form by curing thermosets with high heat and chemical resistance and good adhesion. History The homopolymerization of ECC is based on radiation curing, which proceeds via a photochemical formation of a super acid and subsequent cationic polymerization. This was the first time realized in the 1970s. Fabrication ECC can be prepared via Tishchenko reaction of tetrahydrobenzaldehyde and subsequent epoxidation with a peracid. Properties ECC has a dynamic viscosity of 400 mPa·s at 25 °C. Reactivity For homopolymerization of ECC 1.5 to 3 wt. % of an initiator are added. Above 3 wt% initiator no further acceleration was found, increasing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tishchenko Reaction
The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction. In the related Cannizzaro reaction, the base is sodium hydroxide and then the oxidation product is a carboxylic acid and the reduction product is an alcohol. History The reaction involving benzaldehyde was discovered by Claisen using sodium benzylate as base. The reaction produces benzyl benzoate. Enolizable aldehydes are not amenable to Claisen's conditions. Vyacheslav Tishchenko discovered that aluminium alkoxides allowed the conversion of enolizable aldehydes to esters. Examples * The Tishchenko reaction of acetaldehyde gives the commercially important solvent ethyl acetate. The reaction is catalyzed by aluminium alkoxides. * The Tishchenko reaction is used to obtain isobu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epoxidation
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether () with a three-atom ring. This ring approximates an equilateral triangle, which makes it strained, and hence highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications. In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often volatile. Nomenclature A compound containing the epoxide functional group can be called an epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are often referred to as oxides. Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4) is ethylene oxide (C2H4O). Many compounds have trivial names; for instance, ethylene oxide is called "oxirane". Some names emphasize the presence of the epoxide functional group, as in the compound ''1,2-epoxyheptane'', which can also be called ''1,2-heptene oxide''. A polymer formed from epoxide precursors is called an '' epoxy'', but such materials do not contain epoxide groups (or contain only a few residual epoxy gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldehydes
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde () is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure . The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are common and play important roles in the technology and biological spheres. Structure and bonding Aldehydes feature a carbon center that is connected by a double bond to oxygen and a single bond to hydrogen and single bond to a third substituent, which is carbon or, in the case of formaldehyde, hydrogen. The central carbon is often described as being sp2- hybridized. The aldehyde group is somewhat polar. The C=O bond length is about 120-122 picometers. Physical properties and characterization Aldehydes have properties that are diverse and that depend on the remainder of the molecule. Smaller aldehydes are more soluble in water, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde completely so. The volatile aldehydes have pungent odors. Aldehy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
