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Tasvîr-i Efkâr
''Tasvîr-i Efkâr'' ( ota, تسویر افکار, ) was a long term Ottoman newspaper which existed between 1862 and 1925 with some interruptions. The paper was one of the early privately-owned publications in the Ottoman Empire. It is known for its founder İbrahim Şinasi and for its leading editors, including Namık Kemal and Yunus Nadi. History and profile First period (1862–1868) ''Tasvîr-i Efkâr'' was first published on 27 June 1862 although its license was granted on 14 May 1861. The paper came out twice per week. Its founder and chief editor was İbrahim Şinasi. In the first issue he declared the goal of the paper as expressing the voice of public. Soon after its start ''Tasvîr-i Efkâr'' enjoyed higher levels of circulation. Şinasi edited the paper until 30 January 1865 when he left the Empire for Europe. During his editorship ''Tasvîr-i Efkâr'' featured less news reports on the activities of the upper classes and the travels of Sultan Abdülaziz. Instead, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 Surname Law (Turkey), until 1934 ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish Mareşal (Turkey), field marshal, Turkish National Movement, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive Atatürk's reforms, reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation.Harold Courtenay Armstrong Gray Wolf, Mustafa Kemal: An Intimate Study of a Dictator. page 225 Ideologically a Secularism, secularist and Turkish nationalism, nationalist, Atatürk's Reforms, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded as one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century. Ata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies south of Sicily (Italy), east of Tunisia, and north of Libya. The official languages are Maltese and English, and 66% of the current Maltese population is at least conversational in the Italian language. Malta has been inhabited since approximately 5900 BC. Its location in the centre of the Mediterranean has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base, with a succession of powers having contested and ruled the islands, including the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, Romans, Greeks, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese, Knights of St. John, French, and British, amongst others. With a population of about 516,000 over an area of , Malta is the world's tenth-smallest country in area and fourth most densely populated sovereign cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (german: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist '' Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the paramilitary groups that emerged af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahya Kemal Beyatlı
Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, born ''Ahmet Âgâh'' (2 December 1884 – 1 November 1958), generally known by the pen name ''Yahya Kemal'', was a leading Turkish poet and author, as well as a politician and diplomat. Early life and education Yahya Kemal was born Ahmet Âgâh on 2 December 1884, in Skopje, then in the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. He wrote under pen names such as Agâh Kemal, Esrar, Mehmet Agâh, and Süleyman Sadi. He came from a prominent family, whose roots could be traced back to the Ottoman court, and he was educated at various private schools. He was a graduate of Vefa High School, Istanbul. As he was about to start his higher education, severe disagreements between his parents kept him away from school for some time. When he tried to return to school, he was turned away because it was too late into the semester. His absence from school coincided with the oppressive regime of Abdülhamit II (reigned 1876–1909), and Yahya Kemal got involved in various ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan
Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan (born Abdülhak Hâmid; January 2, 1852 – April 12, 1937)Some sources state Feb 2,1852 was an early 20th-century Turkish playwright and poet. He was one of the leading lights of the Turkish Romantic period. He is known in Turkish literature as "Şair-i Azam" (The Grand Poet) and "Dahi-i Azam" (The Grand Genius). Early years Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan was born Abdülhak Hâmid on January 2, 1852, in Bebek, Constantinople. He is the grandson of Abdulhak Molla, a poet and physician at the court of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. His father was Hayrullah Efendi, a historian and ambassador. His mother, Münteha Hanım, was Circassian. Abdulhak Hâmid took private lessons from Yanyalı Tahsin Hoca and Edremitli Bahaddin Hoca while attending secondary school. In August 1863 he went to Paris, France with his brother Nasuhi, the workplace of his father. He continued his education there for one and a half years. After he returned to Istanbul, he enrolled in a French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın
Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın (1892–1959) was a Turkish linguist, politician, journalist, diplomat, writer and author. He was a member of the commission involved in introducing the modern Turkish alphabet. he was appointed ambassador to Albania (1934), Hungary (1939–1943), Italy (1943–1944), the United Kingdom (1944–1945), and Greece (1945–1952). Ünaydın was a pioneer in Turkish literature Turkish literature ( tr, Türk edebiyatı) comprises oral compositions and written texts in Turkic languages. The Ottoman and Azerbaijani forms of Turkish, which forms the basis of much of the written corpus, were highly influenced by Persian la ... and journalism for the interviews he published in 1917 and 1918. These were hailed as the first modern features appeared in Turkish newspapers, and were later published as a book entitled "Diyorlar Ki" (Thus They Said). References 1892 births 1959 deaths Writers from Istanbul 20th-century journalists 20th-century Turkish writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmet Rasim
Ahmet Rasim (1864–1932) was an Ottoman liberal politician and writer, who wrote primarily about social issues. Biography Ahmet Rasim was born in Istanbul in 1864. He was a graduate of the Darüşşafaka High School. After graduation he worked as a civil servant for a short time. Then he involved in journalism and published books. He also translated some literary work and produced songs. He worked for numerous publications, including '' Tercüman-ı Hakikat'', ''Saadet'', ''İkdam'', ''Sabah'', '' Malumat'', '' Servet'', ''Servet-i Fünun ''Servet-i Fünun'' ("''Wealth of Knowledge''", french: Servetifunoun) was an avant-garde journal published in the Ottoman Empire and later in Turkey. Halit Ziya (Uşaklıgil) and the other writers of the "New Literature" ( ota, Edebiyat-ı Cedi ...'', '' Tanin'', ''Hak'', and ''Tasvir-i Efkar''. He died in 1932. References External links * 1864 births 1932 deaths 19th-century writers from the Ottoman Empire Political people from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zekeriya Sertel
Zekeriya Sertel, also known as Mehmet Zekeriya Sertel, (1890–1980) was a Turkish journalist. He is the first director of state press department and founder and editor of various periodicals. From 1950 to 1980 Sertel lived in exile. Early life and education Zekeriya Sertel was born in Ustrumca, Macedonia (country), Macedonia, Ottoman Empire, in 1890. He graduated from law faculty of Istanbul University. Then he studied sociology at Sorbonne University and journalism at Columbia University. Career One of his earliest journalist activities was the establishment of a satirical magazine, ''Diken (magazine), Diken'', together with Sedat Simavi in 1918. Next year Zekeriya Sertel and his colleagues founded a weekly magazine entitled ''Büyük Mecmua'' (meaning ''the Big Review'' in English). He and his wife, Sabiha Sertel, Sabiha, lived in New York City until 1923 where Zekeriya studied journalism at Columbia University and Sabiha attended the New York School of Social Work. They were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İslâm Ansiklopedisi
The ''İslâm Ansiklopedisi'' (İA) () is a Turkish academic encyclopedia for Islamic studies published by ' ( eng, Turkish Religious Foundation). Its most recent 44-volume edition, called ''Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi'' (''TDV İA'' or ''DİA''), was completed between 1988 and 2013, with two supplementary volumes published in 2016. It contains 16,855 articles in total. Its content is available on its website for free. Edition history Initially, in 1939, the ''İA'' was proposed to be a translation of the first ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (EI1, 1913–1938) into the Turkish language because the EI1 had only been introduced in English, French and German. However, while preparing the İslâm Ansiklopedisi many articles of the EI1 were revised, expanded and corrected, and the work ultimately "had the dual purpose of amending Orientalist scholarship and elaborating on the Turkish contribution to Islamic tradition". The result was that the İslâm Ansiklopedis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Vefik Pasha
Ahmed Vefik Pasha ( ota, احمد وفیق پاشا ) (3 July 1823 2 April 1891) was an Ottoman statesman, diplomat, scholar, playwright, and translator during the Tanzimat and First Constitutional Era periods. He was commissioned with top-rank governmental duties, including presiding over the first Ottoman Parliament in 1877. He also served as Grand Vizier for two brief periods. He also established the first Ottoman theatre and initiated the first Western style theatre plays in Bursa and translated Molière's major works. His portrait was depicted on the Turkish postcard stamp dated 1966. Biography Ahmed Vefik Pasha was born of Greek extraction, his ancestors having previously converted to Islam, like many other Greek Muslims particularly from Crete (Cretan Turks) and Southern Macedonia in what is now northwestern Republic of Greece (see Vallahades). He started his education in 1831 in Constantinople and later went to Paris with his family, where he graduated from Saint Louis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheikh Said
Sheikh Said of Palu ( ku, شێخ سەعید, translit=Şêx Seîd, 1865 – June 29, 1925) was a Kurdish sheikh, the main leader of the Sheikh Said rebellion and a Sheikh of the Naqshbandi order. He was born in 1865 in Palu to an influential family from the Naqshbandi order. He had five brothers. Still in his childhood, the family settled to Hınıs, Erzurum, where his grandfather was an influential Sheikh. Sheikh Said studied religious sciences at the madrasa led by his father Sheikh Mahmud Fevzi as well from several Islamic scholars in the region. Later he was involved in the local tekke set up by his grandfather Sheikh Ali. His grandfather was a respected leader of the religious community and his grave was visited by thousands of pilgrims. He became the head of the religious community after his father Sheikh Mahmud died. In 1907 he toured the neighboring provinces in the east and he established contacts with officers from the Hamidiye cavalry. Civata Xweseriya Kurd (S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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