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Tamarro (subculture)
''Tamarro'' (named after a mythological creature in local culture) is a genus of troodontid theropod from the Late Cretaceous Talarn Formation (Tremp Group) of Spain. The genus contains a single species, ''Tamarro insperatus'', known from a partial metatarsal described in 2021. Discovery and naming The holotype of ''Tamarro'', MCD-7073, a metatarsal, was found in 2003 at the Sant Romà d'Abella site, belonging to the Talarn Formation of the Tremp Group. In 2021, Sellés ''et al.'' described it as a new genus and species, ''Tamarro insperatus''; the generic name is that of a small creature in the folklore of Pallars, Spain, while the specific name means "unexpected", referring to the unexpected discovery of the fossil. Classification Sellés ''et al.'' placed ''Tamarro'' in the Jinfengopteryginae, making it the first member of the subfamily from Europe. They also suggested that its ancestors migrated from Asia to Europe sometime between the Cenomanian and the Maastrichtian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liaoningvenator
''Liaoningvenator'' (meaning "Liaoning hunter") is a genus of troodontid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. It contains a single species, ''L. curriei'', named after paleontologist Phillip J. Currie in 2017 by Shen Cai-Zhi and colleagues from an articulated, nearly complete skeleton, one of the most complete troodontid specimens known. Shen and colleagues found indicative traits that placed ''Liaoningvenator'' within the Troodontidae. These traits included its numerous, small, and closely packed teeth, as well as the vertebrae towards the end of its tail having shallow grooves in place of neural spines on their top surfaces. Within the Troodontidae, the closest relative of ''Liaoningvenator'' was ''Eosinopteryx'', and it was also closely related to ''Anchiornis'' and ''Xiaotingia''; while these have traditionally been placed outside the Troodontidae, the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Shen and colleagues offered evidence supporting the alternative identifica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil Taxa Described In 2021
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the absolute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troodontids
Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaurs. During most of the 20th century, troodontid fossils were few and incomplete and they have therefore been allied, at various times, with many dinosaurian lineages. More recent fossil discoveries of complete and articulated specimens (including specimens which preserve feathers, eggs, embryos, and complete juveniles), have helped to increase understanding about this group. Anatomical studies, particularly studies of the most primitive troodontids, like ''Sinovenator'', demonstrate striking anatomical similarities with ''Archaeopteryx'' and primitive dromaeosaurids, and demonstrate that they are relatives comprising a clade called Paraves. Description Troodontids are a group of small, bird-like, gracile maniraptorans. All troodontids have unique features of the skull, such as large numbers of closely spaced teeth in the lower jaw. Troodontids have sickle-claws and raptorial hands, and some of the highest non-avian encephaliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talarn Formation
The Tremp Formation ( es, Formación de Tremp, ca, Formació de Tremp), alternatively described as Tremp Group ( es, Grupo Tremp), is a geological formation in the comarca Pallars Jussà, Lleida, Spain. The formation is restricted to the Tremp or Tremp-Graus Basin ( ca, Conca de Tremp), a piggyback foreland basin in the Catalonian Pre-Pyrenees. The formation dates to the Maastrichtian to Thanetian,Pujalte & Schmitz, 2005, p.82 thus the formation includes the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary that has been well studied in the area, using paleomagnetism and carbon and oxygen isotopes. The formation comprises several lithologies, from sandstone, conglomerates and shales to marls, siltstones, limestones and lignite and gypsum beds and ranges between in thickness. The Tremp Formation was deposited in a continental to marginally marine fluvial-lacustrine environment characterized by estuarine to deltaic settings. The Tremp Basin evolved into a sedimentary depression with the break-up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithopod
Ornithopoda () is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods (), that started out as small, bipedal running grazers and grew in size and numbers until they became one of the most successful groups of herbivores in the Cretaceous world, dominating the North American land. Their major evolutionary advantage was the progressive development of a chewing apparatus that became the most sophisticated ever developed by a non-avian dinosaur, rivaling that of modern mammals such as the domestic cow. They reached their apex of diversity and ecological dominance in the hadrosaurids (colloquially known as 'duck-bills'), before they were wiped out by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event along with all other non-avian dinosaurs. Members are known from all seven continents, though they are generally rare in the Southern Hemisphere. History of research In 1870, Thomas Henry Huxley listed Iguanodontidae (coined by Cope a year earlier) as one of his three families of dinosaurs ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styracosterna
Ankylopollexia is an extinct clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. It is a derived clade of iguanodontian ornithopods and contains the subgroup Styracosterna. The name stems from the Greek word, “ankylos”, mistakenly taken to mean stiff, fused (in fact the adjective means bent or curved; used of fingers, it can mean hooked), and the Latin word, “pollex”, meaning thumb. Originally described in 1986 by Sereno, a most likely synapomorphic feature of a conical thumb spine defines the clade.Sereno, P.C. (1986). "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia)". National Geographic Research 2 (2): 234–56 First appearing around 156 million years ago, in the Jurassic, Ankylopollexia became an extremely successful and widespread clade during the Cretaceous, and were found around the world. The group died out at the end of the Maastrichtian. They grew to be quite large, comparable to some carnivorous dinosaurs and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvarius
''Calvarius'' (meaning "suffering") is a genus of styracosternan ornithopod from the Late Cretaceous Talarn Formation of Spain. The genus contains a single species, ''Calvarius rapidus'', known from a single metatarsal. Discovery and naming The holotype specimen, MCD-8734, is a single fourth metatarsal discovered in 2019 at the Pallars Jussà locality of the Talarn Formation of the Tremp Group, located in Catalonia, Spain. It was named as the holotype of a new genus of styracosternan dinosaur in 2023 by Albert Prieto-Márquez and Albert Sellés. The genus name, "''Calvarius''", is Latin for "suffering" (cf. ''Calvary''), and refers to the type locality, Serrat del Calvari, as well as the genus' proximity to the K-Pg extinction event. The specific name, "''rapidus''", means "rapid", and refers to its likely cursorial habits. Classification ''Calvarius'' was in 2023 assigned by its describers to the Styracosterna. A more precise position could not be determined because a ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troodontinae
Troodontinae is a subfamily of troodontid dinosaurs. The subfamily was first used in 2017 for the group of troodontids descended from the last common ancestor of '' Gobivenator mongoliensis'' and ''Zanabazar junior,'' but has been redefined to be the least inclusive clade containing '' Saurornithoides mongoliensis'' and ''Troodon formosus,'' utilizing the type species of the clade. Classification Below is a cladogram of the Troodontinae as published by Aaron van der Reest and Phil Currie Philip John Currie (born March 13, 1949) is a Canadian palaeontologist and museum curator who helped found the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta and is now a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. In the ..., in 2017. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q21357561 Troodontids Late Cretaceous dinosaurs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobivenator
''Gobivenator'' is an extinct genus of troodontid theropod dinosaur known from the late Campanian Djadokhta Formation of central Gobi Desert, Mongolia. It contains a single species, ''Gobivenator mongoliensis''. ''G. mongoliensis'' is known from a single individual, which represents the most complete specimen of a Late Cretaceous troodontid currently known. Discovery ''Gobivenator'' was first described and named by Takanobu Tsuihiji, Rinchen Barsbold, Mahito Watabe, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar, Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig, Yoshito Fujiyama and Shigeru Suzuki in 2014 and the type species is ''Gobivenator mongoliensis''. The generic name is derived from the name of the Gobi Desert, where the holotype was found, and ''venator'' meaning "hunter" in Latin. The specific name refers to its occurrence in Mongolia, as the Latin suffix ''-ensis'' means "from". ''Gobivenator'' is known solely from the holotype MPC-D 100/86, a nearly complete and articulated skeleton including the skull, housed at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daliansaurus
''Daliansaurus'' (meaning "Dalian reptile") is a genus of small troodontid theropod dinosaur, measuring approximately long, from the Early Cretaceous of China. It contains a single species, ''D. liaoningensis'', named in 2017 by Shen and colleagues from a nearly complete skeleton preserved in three dimensions. ''Daliansaurus'' is unusual in possessing an enlarged claw on the fourth digit of the foot, in addition to the "sickle claw" found on the second digit of the feet of most paravians. It also has long metatarsal bones, and apparently possesses bird-like uncinate processes (a first among troodontids). In the Lujiatun Beds of the Yixian Formation, a volcanically-influenced region with a cold climate, ''Daliansaurus'' lived alongside its closest relatives - ''Sinovenator'', ''Sinusonasus'', and '' Mei'', with which it forms the group Sinovenatorinae. Description ''Daliansaurus'' is a small, lightly-built, and most likely feathered troodontid measuring approximately in length ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tochisaurus
''Tochisaurus'' (meaning "Ostrich lizard") is a genus of small troodontid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of Mongolia. The type (and only named) species is ''Tochisaurus nemegtensis''. In 1948, a Soviet-Mongolian expedition found the remains of a small theropod in the Gobi Desert near Nemegt. In 1987 the find was reported by Sergei Kurzanov and later that year discussed by Halszka Osmólska who suggested it could represent a specimen of the troodontid ''Borogovia''. Later Osmólska understood it was a species new to science. It was formalized by Kurzanov and Osmólska in 1991 as ''Tochisaurus nemegtensis''. The generic name is derived from Mongolian ''toch, "ostrich", in reference to the fact that the foot, like with that bird, is functionally didactyl, i.e. has only two weight-bearing toes. The specific name refers to the Nemegt.Kurzanov S.M., and Osmólska, H., 1991, "''Tochisaurus nemegtensis'' gen. et sp. n., a new troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
