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Tabersonine
Tabersonine is a terpene indole alkaloid found in the medicinal plant ''Catharanthus roseus'' and also in the genus Voacanga (both taxa belonging to the alkaloid-rich family Apocynaceae). Tabersonine is hydroxylated at the 16 position by the enzyme tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H) to form 16-hydroxytabersonine.St-Pierre and De Luca (1995) A Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase Catalyzes the First Step in the Conversion of Tabersonine to Vindoline in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiology. 109(1). 131-139 The enzyme leading to its formation is currently unknown. Tabersonine is the first intermediate leading to the formation of vindoline one of the two precursors required for vinblastine biosynthesis. See also *Conopharyngine * Tabernanthine *Vinblastine Vinblastine (VBL), sold under the brand name Velban among others, is a chemotherapy medication, typically used with other medications, to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16-hydroxytabersonine
16-Hydroxytabersonine is a terpene indole alkaloid produced by the plant ''Catharanthus roseus''. The metabolite is an intermediate in the formation of vindoline, a precursor needed for formation of the pharmaceutically valuable vinblastine and vincristine. 16-hydroxytabersonine is formed from the hydroxylation of tabersonine Tabersonine is a terpene indole alkaloid found in the medicinal plant ''Catharanthus roseus'' and also in the genus Voacanga (both taxa belonging to the alkaloid-rich family Apocynaceae). Tabersonine is hydroxylated at the 16 position by the enzy ... by tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H). Tabersonine 16-''O''-methyltransferase (16OMT) methylates the hydroxylated 16 position to form 16-methoxytabersonine. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Hydroxytabersonine, 16- Indole alkaloids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabersonine 16-hydroxylase
In enzymology, a tabersonine 16-hydroxylase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :tabersonine + NADPH + H+ + O2 \rightleftharpoons 16-hydroxytabersonine + NADP+ + H2O The 4 substrates of this enzyme are tabersonine, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 16-hydroxytabersonine, NADP+, and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is tabersonine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (16-hydroxylating). Other na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catharanthus Roseus
''Catharanthus roseus'', commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant. It is a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat cancer. It was formerly included in the genus ''Vinca'' as ''Vinca rosea''. It has many vernacular names among which are ''arivotaombelona'' or ''rivotambelona'', ''tonga'', ''tongatse'' or ''trongatse'', ''tsimatiririnina'', and ''vonenina''. Synonyms Two varieties are recognized * ''Catharanthus roseus'' var. ''roseus'' : Synonymy for this variety ::''Catharanthus roseus'' var. ''angustus'' Steenis ex Bakhuizen f. :: ''Catharanthus roseus'' var. ''albus'' G.DonG.Don, Gen. Hist. 4(1): 95. 1837. :: ''Catharanthus roseus'' var. ''occellatus'' G.Don :: ''Catharanthus roseus'' var. ''nanus'' Markgr. :: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voacanga
''Voacanga'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae found in Africa, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognises 13 species:Search for "Voacanga", ;Species # ''Voacanga africana'' Stapf ex Scott-Elliot - tropical W + C + E + S Africa # ''Voacanga bracteata'' Stapf - tropical W + C Africa # ''Voacanga caudiflora'' Stapf - tropical W Africa # ''Voacanga chalotiana'' Pierre ex Stapf - tropical C Africa # ''Voacanga foetida'' ( Blume) Rolfe -Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines # ''Voacanga globosa'' (Blanco) Merr. - Philippines # ''Voacanga gracilipes'' (Miq.) Markgr. - Maluku # ''Voacanga grandifolia'' (Miq.) Rolfe - Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Queensland # ''Voacanga havilandii'' Ridl. - Sarawak # ''Voacanga megacarpa'' Merr. - Philippines # ''Voacanga pachyceras'' Leeuwenb. - Zaïre # ''Voacanga psilocalyx'' Pierre ex Stapf - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo # ''Voacanga thouarsii'' Roem. & S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members of the family are native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members. The former family Asclepiadaceae (now known as Asclepiadoideae) is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here. Many species are tall trees found in tropical forests, but some grow in tropical dry (xeric) environments. Also perennial herbs from temperate zones occur. Many of these plants have milky latex, and many species are poisonous if ingested, the family being rich in genera containing alkaloids and cardiac glycosides, those containing the latter often finding use as arrow poisons. Some genera of Apocynaceae, such as '' Adenium'', bleed clea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vindoline
Vindoline is a chemical precursor to vinblastine. Vindoline is formed through biosynthesis from Tabersonine Tabersonine is a terpene indole alkaloid found in the medicinal plant ''Catharanthus roseus'' and also in the genus Voacanga (both taxa belonging to the alkaloid-rich family Apocynaceae). Tabersonine is hydroxylated at the 16 position by the enzy .... See also * Lochnericine References Tryptamine alkaloids Indolizidines {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinblastine
Vinblastine (VBL), sold under the brand name Velban among others, is a chemotherapy medication, typically used with other medications, to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer. It is given by injection into a vein. Most people experience some side effects. Commonly it causes a change in sensation, constipation, weakness, loss of appetite, and headaches. Severe side effects include low blood cell counts and shortness of breath. It should not be given to people who have a current bacterial infection. Use during pregnancy will likely harm the baby. Vinblastine works by blocking cell division. Vinblastine was isolated in 1958. An example of a natural herbal remedy that has since been developed into a conventional medicine, vinblastine was originally obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conopharyngine
Conopharyngine is the major alkaloid present in the leaves and stem-bark of ''Tabernaemontana pachysiphon'' and '' Conopharyngia durissima''. It is closely related voacangine and coronaridine. Conopharyngine pseudoindoxyl, a derivative of it, is also found in the same plant ''Tabernaemontana pachysiphon''. Pharmacology It possess central nervous system stimulant activity and produces bradycardia and hypotension Hypotension is low blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. Blood pressure is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the dia ... in cats. It has weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and significantly increases hexobarbitone induced sleeping time. Toxicity It has low intravenous toxicity in mice (LD50 = 143 mg/kg). See also * Ibogaline References Alkaloids found in Iboga Methoxy compounds Heterocyclic compounds with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabernanthine
Tabernanthine is an alkaloid found in ''Tabernanthe iboga''. It has been used in laboratory experiments to study how addiction affects the brain. Tabernanthine persistently reduced the self-administration of cocaine and morphine in rats. Pharmacology It is kappa opioid agonist (Ki = 0.15 μM) and NMDA receptor (Ki = 10.5 μM) antagonist. Compared to ibogaine, it binds weakly to σ1 and σ2 receptor. See also * Coronaridine * Ibogamine * Voacangine Voacangine (12-methoxyibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester) is an alkaloid found predominantly in the root bark of the ''Voacanga africana'' tree, as well as in other plants such as ''Tabernanthe iboga'', ''Tabernaemontana africana'', ''Trach ... * Tabernaemontanine * Tabernanthalog References Alkaloids found in Iboga NMDA receptor antagonists Azepines Quinuclidine alkaloids Tryptamine alkaloids {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinblastine
Vinblastine (VBL), sold under the brand name Velban among others, is a chemotherapy medication, typically used with other medications, to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer. It is given by injection into a vein. Most people experience some side effects. Commonly it causes a change in sensation, constipation, weakness, loss of appetite, and headaches. Severe side effects include low blood cell counts and shortness of breath. It should not be given to people who have a current bacterial infection. Use during pregnancy will likely harm the baby. Vinblastine works by blocking cell division. Vinblastine was isolated in 1958. An example of a natural herbal remedy that has since been developed into a conventional medicine, vinblastine was originally obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
