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Steel Grades
Steel grades to classify various steels by their composition and physical properties have been developed by a number of standards organizations. Steel grades standards by country * For alloys in general (including steel), unified numbering system (UNS) of ASTM International and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). *American steel grades : AISI/SAE steel grades standard *British Standards *International Organization for Standardization ISO/TS 4949:2003 *European standards – EN 10027 *Japanese steel grades : Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) standard and NK standard *Germany steel grades : DIN standard *China steel grades : GB standard *Czech steel grades : ČSN standard *Russia steel grades : GOST standard *Spain steel grades : UNE standard *France steel grades : AFNOR standard *Italy steel grades : UNI standard *Sweden steel grades : SIS standard *Norway steel grades : DNV standard Note that an increasing number of national European standards (DIN, AFNOR, UNE, UNI, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steel
Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant typically need an additional 11% chromium. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, steel is used in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, cars, machines, electrical appliances, weapons, and rockets. Iron is the base metal of steel. Depending on the temperature, it can take two crystalline forms (allotropic forms): body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic. The interaction of the allotropes of iron with the alloying elements, primarily carbon, gives steel and cast iron their range of unique properties. In pure iron, the crystal structure has relatively little resistance to the iron atoms slipping past one another, and so pure iron is quite ductile, or soft and easily formed. In steel, small amounts of carbon, other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsches Institut Für Normung
' (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardisation Registered Association) is the German national organization for standardization and is the German ISO member body. DIN is a German Registered Association ('' e.V.'') headquartered in Berlin. There are currently around thirty thousand DIN Standards, covering nearly every field of technology. History Founded in 1917 as the ' (NADI, "Standardisation Committee of German Industry"), the NADI was renamed ' (DNA, "German Standardisation Committee") in 1926 to reflect that the organization now dealt with standardization issues in many fields; viz., not just for industrial products. In 1975 it was renamed again to ', or 'DIN' and is recognised by the German government as the official national-standards body, representing German interests at the international and European levels. The acronym, 'DIN' is often incorrectly expanded as ' ("German Industry Standard"). This is largely due to the historic origin of the DIN as "NADI" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stahlinstitut VDEh
The Steel Institute VDEh (German: Stahlinstitut VDEh) is a techno-economic organisation of the German steel industry headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany. The institute was founded in 1860 as "Technical association for steelmaking" (''Technischer Verein für Eisenhüttenwesen''). Between 1880 and 2002, the association was called "Association of German steel manufacturers" (''Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute'') or VDEh for short. In 2003, the name was changed to its present form "Steel institute VDEh" (''Stahlinstitut VDEh''), while retaining the old abbreviation VDEh as part of the name. The Steel Institute VDEh is one of the largest steelmaking associations in the world. It has approximately 6600 members and 160 supporting companies. Its current president and CEO of the society are Hans-Jürgen Kerkhoff and Dr. Peter Dahlmann, respectively. The association supports the development of steel technology and steel as a material through technical, techno-economical and scientific co- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yield (engineering)
In materials science and engineering, the yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior. Below the yield point, a material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible and is known as plastic deformation. The yield strength or yield stress is a material property and is the stress corresponding to the yield point at which the material begins to deform plastically. The yield strength is often used to determine the maximum allowable load in a mechanical component, since it represents the upper limit to forces that can be applied without producing permanent deformation. In some materials, such as aluminium, there is a gradual onset of non-linear behavior, making the precise yield point difficult to determine. In such a case, the offset yiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN10027-steelgrade-diagram
The EN postcode area, also known as the Enfield postcode area,Royal Mail, ''Address Management Guide'', (2004) is a group of eleven postcode districts in England, within seven post towns. These cover parts of northern Greater London (including Enfield and Barnet), southern Hertfordshire (including Potters Bar, Waltham Cross, Broxbourne and Hoddesdon) and western Essex (including Waltham Abbey). __TOC__ Postal administration Mail for this area is sorted at the Home Counties North Mail Centre in Hemel Hempstead, and is delivered from offices in Enfield (Southbury Road EN1), Barnet (Longmore Avenue EN5), Potters Bar (Darkes Lane EN6), Waltham Cross (Eleanor Cross Road EN8) and Hoddesdon (Conduit Lane EN11). The area served includes the northern parts of the London Boroughs of Enfield and Barnet, the eastern part of the Hertsmere district of Hertfordshire, the southern part of the Welwyn Hatfield district and virtually all of the borough of Broxbourne, while EN9 and small parts o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNV GL
DNV (formerly DNV GL) is an international accredited registrar and classification society headquartered in Høvik, Norway. The company currently has about 12,000 employees and 350 offices operating in more than 100 countries, and provides services for several industries including maritime, oil and gas, renewable energy, electrification, food and beverage and healthcare. DNV GL was created in 2013 as a result of a merger between two leading organizations in the field — (Norway) and (Germany). In 2021, DNV GL changed its name to DNV, while retaining its post-merger structure. DNV is the world's largest classification society, providing services for 13,175 vessels and mobile offshore units (MOUs) amounting to 265.4 million gross tonnes, which represents a global market share of 21%. It is also the largest technical consultancy and supervisory to the global renewable energy (particularly wind, wave, tidal and solar) and oil and gas industry — 65% of the world's of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ente Nazionale Italiano Di Unificazione
Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione (Italian National Unification, acronym UNI) is a private non-profit association that performs regulatory activities in Italy across industrial, commercial, and service sectors, with the exception of electrical engineering and electronic competence of CEI . The UNI is recognized by the Italian State and by the European Union, and represents Italian legislative activity at the International Standards Organization (ISO) and European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Piero Torretta is the president of the organization. History The UNI was formed in 1921 with the initials "UNIM" in the face of demands for standardization of mechanical engineering at the time. At the 1928 General Confederation of Italian Industry (Confindustria) it was promoted to include all sectors of industry, becoming the current UNI. Description The main tasks of UNI are: * develop new standards in collaboration with all stakeholders; * represent Italy in standardization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AFNOR
Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR, English: French Standardization Association) is a Paris-based standards organization and a member body for France at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The AFNOR Group develops its international standardization activities, information provision, certification and training through a network of key partners in France who are members of the association. They are: * ACTIA (Association of Technical Cooperation for the food industry) * ADEME (French Agency for Environment and Energy Management) * ADEPT (Association for the development of international trade in food products and techniques) * COFRAC (French Accreditation Committee) * CSTB (Scientific and Technical Center for Construction) * CTI (Center Network industrial technology) * INERIS (National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks) emerged from CERCHAR (Study and research centre of the Charbonnages de France) and IRCHA (National research institute of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GOST
GOST (russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of international technical standards maintained by the ''Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC)'', a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples ranging from charting rules for design documentation to recipes and nutritional facts of Soviet-era brand names. The latter have become generic, but may only be sold under the label if the technical standard is followed, or renamed if they are reformulated. The notion of GOST has certain significance and recognition in the countries of the standards' jurisdiction. The Russian government Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology (Rosstandart) has ''gost.ru'' as its website address. History GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union as part of its national standardization strategy. The w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Technical Standard
Czech technical standard (ČSN) for technical, industrial and commercial standards, is a protected designation of Czech technical standards. Creation and issuance of ČSN is currently provided by the Czech office for Standards, Metrology and Testing. ČSN was also the official name of the Czechoslovak state standards (since 1964), and after 1991 the Czechoslovak standards (Czechoslovak technical standards). The successor to ČSN in Slovakia is STN (Slovak Technical Standard). See also *International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Ar ... References Economy of the Czech Republic {{CzechRepublic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
is a ship classification society. It is also known by the brand name “ClassNK” or often in the industry as just “NK”. ClassNK is a non-profitable non-governmental organization dedicated to ensure the safety of life and property at sea, and the prevention of pollution of the marine environment. The principal work of the Society's expert technical staff is to undertake surveys to ensure that the rules which it has developed, are applied to both newly built and existing ships in order to ensuring the safety of these vessels. The rules cover not only hull structures, but also safety equipment, cargo handling gear, engines, machinery, and electrical and electronic systems among others. By the end of December 2007, the Society had 6793 ships totaling 152.22 million gross tons under class. This figure represents approximately 20 percent of the world merchant fleet currently under class. Although based in Japan, ClassNK has worldwide representation through a network of exclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
