GOST

GOST (russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of international technical standards maintained by the ''Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC)'', a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples ranging from charting rules for design documentation to recipes and nutritional facts of Soviet-era brand names. The latter have become generic, but may only be sold under the label if the technical standard is followed, or renamed if they are reformulated.

The notion of GOST has certain significance and recognition in the countries of the standards' jurisdiction. The Russian government Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology (Rosstandart) has ''gost.ru'' as its website address.

History

GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union as part of its national standardization strategy. The word GOST (Russian: ) is an acronym for ''gosudarstvennyy standart'' (Russian: '), which means ''state standard'' or ''governmental standard''.

The history of national standards in the USSR can be traced back to 1925, when a government agency, later named Gosstandart, was established and put in charge of writing, updating, publishing, and disseminating the standards. After World War II, the national standardization program went through a major transformation. The first GOST standard, GOST 1 ''State Standardization System'', was published in 1968.

Present

After the disintegration of the USSR, the GOST standards acquired a new status of the ''regional standards''. They are now administered by the ''Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC)'', a standards organization chartered by the Commonwealth of Independent States.

At present, the collection of GOST standards includes over 20,000 titles used extensively in conformity assessment activities in 12 countries. Serving as the regulatory basis for government and private-sector certification programs throughout the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the GOST standards cover energy, oil and gas, environmental protection, construction, transportation, telecommunications, mining, food processing, and other industries.

The following countries have adopted all or some of GOST standards in addition to their own, nationally developed standards
RussiaBelarusMoldovaKazakhstan
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan, Georgia, an
Turkmenistan

Becaus
GOST standards
are adopted by Russia, the largest and most influential member of the CIS, it is a common misconception to think of GOST standards as the national standards of Russia. They are not. Since the EASC, the organization responsible for the development and maintenance of the GOST standards, is recognized by ISO as a regional standards organization, the GOST standards are classified as the regional standards. The national standards of Russia are the GOST R standards.

Ukraine scrapped its GOST (DSTU) standards in December 2015.

GOST standards and technical specifications

The abbreviation GOST (rus) (SUST) (eng) stands for the State Union Standard. From its name we learn that most of the GOST standards of the Russian Federation came from the Soviet Union period. Creation and promotion of the Union Standards began in 1918 after introduction of the international systems of weights and measures.

The first body for standardization was created by the Council of Labor and Defense in 1925 and was named the Committee for Standardization. Its main objective was development and introduction of the Union standards OST standards. The first OST standards gave the requirements for iron and ferrous metals, selected sorts of wheat, and a number of consumer goods.

Until 1940, People's Commissariats (Narcomats) had approved the standards. But in that year the Union Standardization Committee was founded and the standardization was redirected to creation of OST standards.

In 1968 the state system of standardization (SSS) as the first in the world practice. It included creating and developing five standards:
* GOST – State Standard of the Soviet Union
* RST – Republican standard
* IST – Industrial Standard
* STE – Standard of an Enterprise
* TU – Технические условия, literally "Technical conditions", a document setting technical requirements to which a specific product, material, substance, etc. must comply; example: TU 14-3-571-2004, for CrNi60WTi alloy

The level of technical development, and the need to develop and introduce informational calculating systems and many other factors, lead to creating complexes of standards and a number of large general technical standard systems. They are named inter-industrial standards. Within the state standard system they have their own indexes and the SSS has index 1. , seven standard systems (GOST standards) are valid:

* USCD – The Uniform System of Constructor Documentation (index 2)
* USTD – The Uniform System of Technological Documentation (3)
* SIBD – The System of Information-Bibliographical Documentation (7)
* SSM – The State System of Providing the Uniformity of Measuring(8)
* SSLS – The System of Standards of Labor Safety(12)
* USPD – The Uniform System of Program Documentation (19)
* SSERTE – The System of Standards of Ergonomic Requirements and Technical Esthetic (29)

The USCD and USTD systems take special place among other inter-industrial systems. They are interrelated and they formulate requirements for general technical documentation in all industries of economy.

The task of harmonization of Russia's standards and the GOST standards was set in 1990 by the Soviet Council of Ministers at the beginning of the transit to market economy. At that time they formulated a direction that obeying the GOST standards may be obligatory or recommendable. The obligatory requirements are the ones that deal with safety, conformity of products, ecological friendliness and inter-changeability. The Act of the USSR Government permitted applying of national standards existing in other countries, international requirements if they meet the requirements of the people's economy.

During the past years a large number of GOST standards were developed and approved.
Nowadays there is a process of their revision so that they conform to international standard requirements. As the base is the system of international standards ISO, in Russia they created series of Russian standards such as GOST ISO 9001 or GOST ISO 14001, which absorbed the best developments of the world community but they also consider the Russia's specific.

List of selected GOST standards

* GOST 7.67: Country codes
* GOST 5284-84: Tushonka (canned stewed beef)
* GOST 5461-59 and 13393-76 Vacuum tube designation system
* GOST 7396: standard for power plugs and sockets used in Russia and throughout the Commonwealth of Independent States
* GOST 10859: A 1964 character set for computers, includes non-ASCII/non-Unicode characters required when programming in the ALGOL programming language.

GOST 16876-71
a standard for Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration
* GOST 20568-75: Rubber masks for submarine swimming - Маски резиновые для плавания под водой
* GOST 22469-77: Swimming rubber flippers - Ласты резиновые для плавания

GOST 27974-88
Programming language ALGOL 68 - Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68
* GOST 27975-88: Programming language ALGOL 68 extended - Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68 расширенный
* GOST 28147-89 block cipher—commonly referred to as just ''GOST'' in cryptography
* GOST 11828-86 : Rotating Electrical Machines
* GOST 2.109-73: Unified system for design documentation. Basic requirements for drawings - Единая система конструкторской документации. Основные требования к чертежам
* GOST 2.123-93: Unified system for design documentation. Sets of design documents for printing plates under automated design - Единая система конструкторской документации. Комплектность конструкторских документов на печатные платы при автоматизированном проектировании
GOST 32569-2013
Steel pipe technology. Requirements for design and operation of explosive and chemically dangerous production - Трубопроводы технологические стальные. Требования к устройству и эксплуатации на взрывопожароопасных и химически опасных производствах

Emergency crash-systems railway rolling stock for passenger transportations. Technical requirements and methods of control. - Крэш-системы аварийные железнодорожного подвижного состава для пассажирских перевозок. Технические требования и методы контроля.
* GOST R 53279-2009 — ТЕХНИКА ПОЖАРНАЯ. ГОЛОВКИ СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОЖАРНЫЕ (Fire engineering



Steel welded vessels and apparatus. General specifications

Machines, instruments and other industrial products. Modifications for different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions as to environment climatic aspects influence

System of design documents for construction. Main requirements for design and working documents

GOST R 42.7.01-2021
Гражданская оборона. Захоронение срочное трупов в военно и мирное время.Общие требования. (Civil defense. Emergency disposal of the dead in wartime and peace time. General requirements.)

Some of trends in Russian GOST standards norms codes regulations for 2021 year - List of the most required standards to comply with:


The systems of fire protection. Evacuation ways and exits

Systems of fire protection. Fire-resistance security of protecting units

Systems of fire protection. System of annunciation and managementof human evacuation at fire. Requirements of fire safety

Fire protection systems. Fire containment at facilities to be protected. Requirements for space-planning and structural solutions. With Amendment No. 1

Fire alarm systems and automation of fire protection systems. Designing and regulations rules

Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Designing and regulations rules

The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment, subject to protection by automatic extinguishing and fire alarm systems

Fire protection systems. Electric equipment. Fire safety requirements

Heating, ventilation and conditioning. Fire safety requirements. With Amendment No. 1 & Amendment No. 2

Fire protection system. Installation of standpipe and hose systems. Designing and regulations rules

Determination of categories of rooms, buildings and external installations on explosion and fire hazard. With Amendment No. 1

Master plans for industrial enterprises. With Amendment No. 1

Loads and actions. With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3

Soil bases of buildings and structures. With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3

Pile foundations. With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3

Protection against corrosion of construction. With Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2

Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

Constructions of the industrial enterprises. With Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2

Earthworks, grounds and footings. With Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2

Daylighting and artificial lighting. With Amendment No. 1

Industrial buildings. With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. With Errata

Designing of thermal insulation of equipment and pipe lines. With Amendment No. 1

Design and construction of pile foundations

Foundations for machines with dynamic loads. With Amendment No. 1

Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. General provisions. With Amendment No. 1

Steel structures. With Amendments No. 1, 2

Protection of buildings and structures against progressive collapse. Design code. Basic provisions. With Amendment No. 1

General rules for steel structure design

Load-bearing and separating constructions. With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4

Building climatology

Engineering survey for construction. Basic principles. With Amendment No. 1

Strength analysis of steel pipelines. With Amendment No. 1

Thermal networks. With Amendment No. 1

Thermal performance of the buildings. With Amendment No. 1

Reliability for constructions and foundations. General principles

Masonry and reinforced masonry structures

The roofs. With Amendments No. 1, 2

The floor. With Amendment No. 1

Water supply. Public utilities. With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants. With Amendment No. 1

Air-cooled apparatus. General technical requirements

Process piping. Standard for the stress, vibration and seismic analysis

Steel pipe technology. Requirements for design and operation of explosive and chemically dangerous production

Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. General technical requirements

District heating systems. Standard for the stress and seismic analysis

Pipeline valves. General safety requirements

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Strength and leak-tightness calculation of flange joints

Pipeline valves for objects of gas industry. General specifications

Strength analysis code for land based boilers and steam and hot water pipelines

Norms of strength calculation of the heating system pipelines

Steel welded vessels and apparatus. General specifications

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. General requirements

Petroleum and natural gas industries. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Technical requirements

Vertical cylindrical steel tanks for oil and oil-products. General specifications

Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indices and methods of their determination

Occupational safety standards system. Noxious substances. Classification and general safety requirements

Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring safety and (or) harmlessness to humans from environmental factors

System of design documentation for construction. Main requirements for design and working documentation

System of design documents for construction. General requirements for presentation of report documents on engineering investigation

System of design documents for construction. Specification of equipment, products and materials. With Corrigendum

Arrangements for fastening heat insulation of steel vessels and apparatus. Construction and dimensions. Technical requirements

Tube connections and fitting. Conventional passages. Series

Pipeline valves. Safety valves. Selection and calculation of capacity

Rostechnadzor Order No. 779 dated 26.12.2012 of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision 'Safety guidelines on flare systems'

Pipeline fittings and valves. Nominal, test and service pressures. Series

Warehouses of oil and oil products. Fire safety requirements. With Amendment No. 1

Storages of liquefied natural gas. Fire safety requirements
SP 8.13130.2020
The fire protection systems. Outdoor fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements

Gas distribution systems. With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3

Insulation and finish coatings. With Amendment No. 1

External networks, water supply and sewerage system facilities

Networks of wire broadcasting and the notification in buildings and constructions. Norms of design. With Amendment No. 1

Telecommunication systems of buildings and constructions. Designing substantive provisions. With Amendments No. 1, 2

Industrial chimneys. Design rules

External water supply and sewer systems made of polymer material. Design and installation rules

Industrial buildings. Daylighting and combined lighting design

Low-voltage electric installations for buildings and structures. Design rules for explosive hazardous areas

Buildings and structures. Emergency lighting design

Isothermal tanks for storage of liquefied gases. Design rules

Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety of technological processes. General requirements. Methods of control

Federal law of 22.07.2008 No. 123-FZ Technical regulations for fire safety requirements (with amendments as of 27.12.2018)

Federal Law "The technical regulation about safety of buildings and constructions" dated 30.12.2009 No. 384-FZ (final revision)

RF Government Resolution No. 1479 dated 16.09.2020 'About approval of Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation' (with amendments as of 31.12.2020)

Federal Law No. 116-FZ dated 21.07.1997 'About industrial safety of hazardous production facilities' (with modifications and amendments that came into force since 01.01.2019)

Norms for technological design of gas-processing plants

Rules for arrangement of electrical installations 6th edition (PUE)

Rules for arrangement of electrical installations 7th edition (PUE)

Departmental instructions on fire-fighting design of plants, buildings and structures of oil refinery and pretrochemical industry

Columns. Technical requirements

Fired heaters for refineries. General technical requirements

Pumps and pump units for pumping of liquids. General safety requirements

Rostechnadzor Order No. 777 dated 26.12.2012 of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision 'On approval of safety guidelines for oil stores and petroleum stores'

Rostechnadzor Order No. 778 dated 26.12.2012 of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision about approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'Safety guidelines for storages of pressurized liquefied hydrocarbon gases and highly inflammable liquids'

Rostechnadzor Order No. 125 dated 29.03.2016 of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision about approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'Safety rules for oil refinery and gas processing facilities'

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor) Order No. 521 dated 11.12.2020 On approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'Safety regulations for liquefied natural gas facilities'
Rostechnadzor Order No. 529 dated 15.12.2020
Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor) Order No. 529 dated 15.12.2020 On approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'Industrial safety requirements for petroleum and petroleum products storage facilities'

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor) Order No. 531 dated 15.12.2020 On approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'Safety rules for gas distribution and gas consumption networks'

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor) Order No. 533 dated 15.12.2020 On approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'General rules on explosion protection for explosive and fire hazardous chemical, petrochemical plants and oil refineries'

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor) Order No. 536 dated 15.12.2020 On approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'Rules of industrial safety of equipment operating under gauge pressure'

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor) Order No. 500 dated 07.12.2020 On approval of Federal norms and regulations in the field of industrial safety 'Safety rules of chemically hazardous production facilities'

Customs Union Technical Regulations on safety of machinery and equipment. (CU TR 010/2011)

On Customs Union Technical Regulations 'On the safety of excess pressure equipment'. Full version incorporating the list(s) of reference standards and supplements (CU TR 032/2013)

Customs Union Technical Regulations on safety of equipment for working in hazardous environments. (CU TR 012/2011)

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Calculation of cylindric and conic shells, convex and flat bottoms and covers

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Reinforcement of openings in shells and heads under internal and external pressure. Strength calculation of shells and heads under external static loads on the nozzle

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Calculation of shells and bottoms under Influence of support loads

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Strength calculation under low-cyclic loads

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Heat-exchangers

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Jacketed vessels and apparatus

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Apparatus of column type

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Vessels and apparatus involving hydrogen sulphide media

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Method of strength calculation of shells and bottoms according to weld misalignment, angular misalignment and shell nonroundness

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Requirements for representation of the strength calculations carried out on the computer

Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation under wind loads, seismic influence and other external loads

GOST R

Historically, GOST R system originated from GOST system developed in the Soviet Union and later adopted by the CIS. Thus, the GOST standards are used across all CIS countries, including Russia while GOST R standards are valid only within the territory of the Russian Federation.

This system is aimed at providing the customer with safety and high quality of products and services. This right of the customer for safety and quality is guaranteed by obligatory certification of not only native, but also foreign produce. Produce that enters the territory of the Russian Federation and that is subject to obligatory certification according to the legislation of the Russian Federation must meet the requirements of ''Russian certification system''.

List of products subject to obligatory certification is defined by Gosstandart and can be seen on www.gost.ru. The very system of certification GOST R has been valid in Russia for many years. The main normative base for it was national standards. At the same time active policy of Russia towards entering the WTO was the reason for adopting the federal law "On Technical Regulation" № 184-ФЗ. This law was designed to match Russian and European legislation in the sphere of technical regulation.

Certification systems

Creation of certification systems in Russia is provided by the Federal Law №184 "On Technical Regulation" Evaluating the product's conformity to requirements of laws, standards, technical reglaments and other kinds of normative appears to be one of the most important possibilities of providing safety of different kinds of products for humans, environment and the state.

According to the FL № 184 any certification system includes:
* A central certification organ which performs organizational operations within the system;
* Certification organs that must prove their ability to perform activities in expertise and drawing up the certification documents in certain sphere of evaluation of conformity. Only certification organs authorized for such kinds of works, have right to perform such function;
* Certification laboratories performs tests and measurements of safety indicators or quality of the evaluated objects. Such laboratory must have equipment and trained staff (and test methods) to perform its activities. Existence of all the resources is proved by the Attestation of Authorization of the laboratory in the given sphere of activity;
* Applicants are individual entrepreneurs or Russian legal entities (in some cases foreign manufacturers), that intend to go through evaluation process to prove the conformity of their production to the legal requirements or some other certain requirements of the system of certification (to which it applied).
There is a great variety of objects for certification (different products and manufacturing processes, management systems, construction sites, etc.). A little smaller is the lists of risks that may be encountered by using some products and from which consumers should be protected. The variety of certification systems in Russia is explained by these two factors and by the wish of some corporations to introduce their own requirements for the product's deliverers.

There two big groups of certification systems in Russia: voluntary and obligatory ones. From the names, it is clear that the evaluation of conformity for the objects of obligatory certification system appears to be mandatory requirement for all Russian manufacturers and for the products from abroad.

Obligatory certification

It is only federal state structure who can create the obligatory certification system of Russia. The system must go through the procedure of state registration. The Rosstandart which is responsible for the certification in Russia as a whole keeps a registry of the RF certification systems. Only after receiving the Certificate of state registration with getting the unique registration number, may activities be performed in evaluating conformity as a new system.

There are 16 obligatory certification systems in Russia:
* GOST R;
* Means of protection of information according to requirements of informational security;
* "Electrocommunication";
* Geodesic, cartographic and topographic production;
* On the federal Railway transport;
* Means of protection of information;
* Security of manufacturing of explosives;
* In the sphere of fire security;
* Means of protection of information according to requirements of security;
* Marine civil vessels;
* On the air transport of the RF;
* Air techniques and the objects of civil aviation;
* Space craft;
* For nuclear sets, the points of storing radioactive materials;
* Means of protecting the information that include the state secret;
* Immune biological preparations.

The obligatory GOST R certification system consists of sub-systems of certificating homogeneous products. The obligatory GOST R certification system consists of 40 sub-systems according to the kinds of homogeneous production. For example, the following sub-systems:
* Medical certification;
* The system of certification oil products;
* The system of certification of dishes;
* The system of certification of electrical equipment (SCE);
* The system of certification of mechanic transport means and trailers;
* The system of certification of gases;
* The "SEPROCHIM" certification system (rubber, asbestos) and many others.
The management of state property in the sphere of technical regulation, organizing and performing works in certification in the GOST R system is performed by the Rostechregulation (former Gosstandart) which appears to be the Federal agency for technical regulation and metrology (now is called Rosstandart). The given agency is part of the structure of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the RF.

It became the very first and the largest system of evaluation of conformity in Russia and it encompasses all the groups of production that are to be evaluated according to the Federal Law "About protection of Consumers Rights" and it performs the other legislative acts considering separate kinds of goods The authority of the GOST R obligatory certification systems covers also the voluntary GOST R certification system because the applicants for the voluntary evaluation of conformity most often apply this very system.

Voluntary certification

Any Russian citizen may register such evaluation system according to the Law. While creating the system they must set the list of objects to be evaluated on conformity in its frameworks, the indicators and characteristics in accord to which the voluntary certification will be performed, they must also formulate the rules of system and the pay order of the works in certification, and they must define the participants of the given system of evaluation of conformity.

Registration of voluntary certification system is similar to the procedure of registration of the obligatory system. In the case of refusal, the Rosstandart sends to the applicant explanations of reasons why the new system may not be registered. Nowadays there are more than 130 central certification organs that went through the registration procedure.

Examples of voluntary certification:
* Construction materials "Rosstroisertificazia";
* Personnel and housing services – "Roszhilkommunsertifikazia";
* Means of cryptographic protection of information;
* The production of the Gosstandart of Russia;
* Production and the quality systems defense industries – "Oboronsertifika";
* Certification of food "HAASP";
* Coal production;
* Jewelry (several systems in the given sphere with different names;
* Bio active materials – "BOSTI";
* Services in the sphere of advertising;
* Evaluation of intellectual property objects;
* Information technologies – "SSIT".

Corporative voluntary certification systems

* Fuel and energy complex (The System "Teksert");
* Equipment for the oil-gas industry "Neftegaz";
* GAZPROMSERT;

Regional national certification systems

* Trading services in Moscow;
* Trading services "Tulasert";
* Services of gas stations and complexes in Moscow;
* Fuel services in the Moscow Region;
* Services of retail sale in the Sakhalin Region;
* Services of retail sale in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);
* Services of gas stations and complexes of the Urals Region "URALSERT-AZS";
* Services of retail sale in St. Petersburg and others.

See also

* Eurasian Conformity mark

Notes

External links

*
* Gostperevod.com - Official English translations of GOST standards and regulation
Russian GOST standards in English translations , EN version
* Gostperevod.ru - Стандарты ГОСТы и ГОСТы Р на английском языке , Official English translations of GOST standards and regulation
- Russian GOST standards , RU version
* Meganorms.com - Russian and CIS standards norms laws in English , Official websit
Russian GOST standards in English translations , EN version
* Meganorms.ru - ГОСТы, стандарты и законы РФ и стран СНГ на английском языке , Official website Russian versio
Russian GOST standards in English translations , RU version

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gost
Certification marks
Electrical safety standards organizations
GOST standards
Science and technology in the Soviet Union