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South Sudan Opposition Alliance
The South Sudan Opposition Alliance is a coalition of political parties and armed groups in South Sudan that opposed the government of President of South Sudan, President Salva Kiir. It was formed in February 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by nine groups. In September the alliance acceded to a revised peace deal with the government that also included the main rebel faction, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition, but some of the member groups disagreed with the decision and split from the alliance. The pro-deal SSOA has experienced continued tension between its members, as well as with the government. Formation The original nine groups consisted of: * the Federal Democratic Party/South Sudan Armed Forces (FDP/SSAF), led by Gabriel Changson Chang * the National Salvation Front (South Sudan), National Salvation Front (NAS), led by Thomas Cirilo Swaka * the National Democratic Movement (NDM), led by Lam Akol * the People's Democratic Movement (PDM), led by Hakim Dar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lam Akol
Dr. Lam Akol Ajawin, is a South Sudanese politician of Shilluk descent. He is the current leader of National Democratic Movement (NDM) party. He is a former high-ranking official in the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), and subsequently became the Foreign Minister of Sudan from September 2005 to October 2007, when the Khartoum government offered the SPLA several other key ministries as part of a peace agreement. Early life Akol was born on 15 July 1950 in Athidhwoi, Upper Nile. He received a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Imperial College London and taught at the University of Khartoum. SPLA Akol joined the SPLA in 1986 after having been a clandestine member since October 1983. In 1991 he joined Riek Machar and Gordon Kong to break from the SPLA and form the SPLA-Nasir. On 5 April 1993, after they were joined by William Nyuon Bany and they joined forces with another faction under Kerubino Kwanyin Bol, the name of their faction was changed to SPLA-United. Akol was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Changson Chang
Dr.Gabriel Changson Chang is a South Sudanese politician who worked in the Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism and was the acting Minister of Finance in the Cabinet of South Sudan and the Cabinet of Sudan from March 2007 to July 2007. He was appointed to that position in July 2011 and 2009 respectively. The Hon.Dr. Gabriel is also the chairman of the FDP South Sudan Federal Democratic Party and interim chairperson of SSOA South Sudan Opposition Alliance. On July 15, 2020, Dr.Changson was appointed the Minister of Higher Education. Dr.Changson has served in seven different ministries. In March 2023, Dr. Changson led the Federal Democratic Party with a call for free political space, peace and encouraging citizens to produce their own food and avoid reliance of food relief from Uganda, Kenya, Sudan and Ethiopia. Truly one of the founding fathers of South Sudan independence. See also * Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism (South Sudan) * Cabinet of South Sudan Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riek Machar
Dr. Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon (born 26 November 1952) is a South Sudanese politician who serves as the First Vice President of South Sudan. Political life In February 2020, Machar was re-sworn in as first vice president following a revitalised peace agreement with Salva Kiir, the current President of South Sudan. He is also the head of the rebel faction known as SPLM-IO (Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition) that was founded in 2014 following the 2013 war outbreak and has been historically in opposition to Kiir. Between April and July 2016 Machar served as the First Vice President of South Sudan. He is designated to be the First Vice President according to the new "revitalized" peace agreement signed in September 2018.Dr. Riek Machar will take up the post of First Vice President when the new unity government is formed, initially in February 2019, but later delayed until February 2020. Machar obtained a PhD in strategic planning in 1984 and then joined the rebel Sudan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudan
Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Egypt to the north, Eritrea to the northeast, Ethiopia to the southeast, Libya to the northwest, South Sudan to the south and the Red Sea. It has a population of 45.70 million people as of 2022 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's List of African countries by area, third-largest country by area, and the third-largest by area in the Arab League. It was the largest country by area in Africa and the Arab League until the 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum, secession of South Sudan in 2011, since which both titles have been held by Algeria. Its Capital city, capital is Khartoum and its most populated city is Omdurman (part of the metropolitan area of Khar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Crisis Group
The International Crisis Group (ICG; also known as the Crisis Group) is a transnational non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in 1995. It is a think tank, used by policymakers and academics, performing research and analysis on global crises. ICG has described itself as "working to prevent wars and shape policies that will build a more peaceful world". The International Crisis Group (ICG) states that it provides early warning through its monthly ''CrisisWatch'' bulletin, a global conflict tracker which is designed to identify both risks of escalation and opportunities to advance peace. The organisation says that it produces detailed analysis and advice on specific policy issues that are affecting conflict or potential conflict situations; that it engages with policy-makers, regional organisations and other key actors to promote peaceful solutions to major conflicts; and that it offers new strategic and tactical thinking on intractable conflicts and crises. They differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intergovernmental Authority On Development
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is an eight-country trade bloc in Africa. It includes governments from the Horn of Africa, Nile Valley and the African Great Lakes. It is headquartered in Djibouti. Member states ;Horn of Africa * (founding member, since 1986) * (founding member, since 1986) * (founding member, since 1986) * (admitted 1993, withdrew 2007, readmitted 2011) ;Nile Valley * (founding member, since 1986) * (admitted 2011, suspended December 2021) ;African Great Lakes * (founding member, since 1986) * (founding member, since 1986) Formation The Intergovernmental Authority on Development was established in 1996. It succeeded the earlier Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD), a multinational body founded in 1986 by Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda and Kenya, with a focus on development and environmental control. IGADD's headquarters were later moved to Djibouti, following an agreement signed in January 1986 by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federalism
Federalism is a combined or compound mode of government that combines a general government (the central or "federal" government) with regional governments (Province, provincial, State (sub-national), state, Canton (administrative division), cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. Federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy. Federalism differs from Confederation, confederalism, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level, and from devolution within a unitary state, in which the regional level of government is subordinate to the general level. It represents the central form in the pathway of regional integration or separation, bounded on the less integrated side by confederalism and on the more integrated side by devolution within a unitary state. Examples of a federation or federal province or state include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Malong Awan
Paul Malong Awan (born 1962), also known as Paul Malong Awan Anei, King Paul, and General Paul, is a South Sudanese politician and military figure. Until 16 May 2017 he was the Chief of General Staffs (COGS) of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). The Chief of General Staffs was the highest-ranking military officer in the SPLA (now South Sudan People’s Defence Forces), and also the principal military adviser to the President of the Republic of South Sudan and the National Security Council. He formerly served as governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal from 27 March 2008 to 2014. Early life and education Malong was born in early 1962 in the village of Warawar, which is in the former Northern Bahr el Gazal state and situated about forty-five kilometers north of Aweil. His mother was Aluat. His father, Awan Anei, was a chief who governed his kinsmen in the Wun-Anei section of Abiem, situated in the current Aweil East state. At eight years old, Malong's father was killed by a me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sudan United Front
The South Sudan United Front/Army (SS-UF/A), often just called South Sudan United Front (SS-UF), is a South Sudanese rebel group which has taken part in the South Sudanese Civil War. History Background The South Sudanese Civil War erupted in 2013 as a result of disputes between President Salva Kiir Mayardit and Vice President Riek Machar. The Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), the country's military, consequently fractured into pro-Kiir loyalists and pro-Machar forces; the latter formed the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition. Attempts to end the civil war peacefully repeatedly failed. In mid-2017, political struggles within the government resulted in Kiir deposing SPLA chief of staff Paul Malong Awan and putting him under house arrest. Malong was characterized as powerful Dinka nationalist. Some followers of Malong in the SPLA rebelled after his arrest. Operations Malong was released from his house arrest in November 2017 so that he could travel to Kenya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pagan Amum
Pa'gan Amum Okiech (born 3 January 1959) is a South Sudanese politician. He is the co-founder of South Sudan Reborn, a political organisation that attempts to bring peace to South Sudan and is the primary spokesperson. He is also the head of the SPLM-Former Detainees (SPLM-FD). Early life Pa'gan Amum Okiech was born in a small post known as Wat in the Lou Nuer area. His father was a non-commissioned police officer responsible for the Wat post. His family moved to Malakal after his grandfather, Okiech, chief of the Ubuar people, died and Pa'gan Amum's father was asked to take over the role. His father went from being a clan chief to later being paramount chief and president of the court. His mother named him Pagan, which means 'incredible' in the Shilluk language. Both his parents were educated and his family had considerable wealth. His father acquired substantial tracts of land, farmed various crops and operated a series of shops in Malakal. He left home to study at the Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Gadet
Peter Gatdet Yak (1958 – 15 April 2019) or Peter Gadet was a Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) general who became the leader of the South Sudan Liberation Army (SSLA), a rebel movement in South Sudan. Early life He was born between 1957 and 1959 in Mayom County, South Sudan. He was an ethnic Bol Nuer. Career Gadet began his military career from 1981 to 1983 in the Sudanese contingent deployed to help Iraq in the Iran–Iraq War. General Gadet was a member of the South Sudan Defence Forces (SSDF) during the Second Sudanese Civil War. He joined the SPLA after the Juba Declaration of 8 January 2006, but said that he was marginalised and that the army was dominated by tribal nepotism. In April 2011 Gadet emerged as leader of the South Sudan Liberation Army (SSLA), a new militia demanding a more broadly-based government. In Unity State, he began an assault on the SPLA, leaving at least 45 people dead. According to the military, 20 of the victims were southern army soldiers. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sudan Patriotic Army
The South Sudan Patriotic Army (abbreviated SSPA) is a South Sudanese rebel militia that takes part in the South Sudanese Civil War and serves as the military wing of Costello Garang Ring's South Sudan Patriotic Movement. Well armed and relatively numerous, the SSPA mostly operates in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and is considered to be one of the most powerful rebel groups in South Sudan. History Origins The SSPA was founded by Brig. Gen. Agany Abdel Bagi Ayii Akol in Northern Bahr el Ghazal sometime between early 2016 and April 2017. From its first appearance, the SSPA possessed equipment that was unusually sophisticated for a new rebel group, including uniforms, technicals, PK machine guns, RPGs, and Kalashnikov rifles. Observers noted that this might hint at a powerful patron supporting the group. Accordingly, there has been much speculation about possible links between the SSPA and various South Sudanese strongmen. One news website argued that the militia could be a front orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
