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Seki Kōwa
, Selin, Helaine. (1997). ''Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures,'' p. 890 also known as ,Selin, was a Japanese mathematician and author of the Edo period. Seki laid foundations for the subsequent development of Japanese mathematics, known as ''wasan''. He has been described as "Japan's Newton". He created a new algebraic notation system and, motivated by astronomical computations, did work on infinitesimal calculus and Diophantine equations. Although he was a contemporary of German polymath mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Leibniz and British polymath physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton, Seki's work was independent. His successors later developed a school dominant in Japanese mathematics until the end of the Edo period. While it is not clear how much of the achievements of ''wasan'' are Seki's, since many of them appear only in writings of his pupils, some of the results parallel or anticipate those discovered i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Academy
The Japan Academy ( Japanese: 日本学士院, ''Nihon Gakushiin'') is an honorary organisation and science academy founded in 1879 to bring together leading Japanese scholars with distinguished records of scientific achievements. The Academy is currently an extraordinary organ of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology with its headquarters located in Taito, Tokyo, Japan. Election to the Academy is considered the highest distinction a scholar can achieve, and members enjoy life tenure and an annual monetary stipend. History In 1973, Meiroku-sha (Meairoku Society) was founded. The main people of Meiroku-sha involved in Meiroku-sha were from Kaiseijo (later transformed into University of Tokyo and so on) and Keio Gijuku (Keio University). In an effort to replicate the institutional landscape found in many Western nations, the leaders of the Meiji government sought to create a national academy of scholars and scientists modelled to the British Royal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uchiyama
Uchiyama (written: ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Akira Uchiyama (born 1954), Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan * Atsushi Uchiyama (born 1959), former Japanese football player *Uchiyama Gudō (1874–1911), Sōtō Zen priest and anarcho-socialist activist executed in the High Treason Incident *, Japanese rower * Kanzō Uchiyama (内山 完造, 1885–1959), Japanese bookstore owner *Kōki Uchiyama (born 1990), Japanese actor and voice actor from Saitama Prefecture * Kiyoshi Uchiyama, Japanese consul to the Philippines before WW2 * Kōshō Uchiyama (1912–1998), Soto priest, origami master, former abbot of Antaiji near Kyoto, Japan *, Japanese table tennis player * Masaru Uchiyama (born 1957), former Japanese football player * Masato Uchiyama, Japanese actor *, Japanese boxer * Rina Uchiyama (born 1981), Japanese actress * Takashi Uchiyama (born 1979), super featherweight boxer from Japan * Toshihiko Uchiyama (other), mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2.7 million in the 2020 census, it is also the largest component of the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, which is the second-largest metropolitan area in Japan and the 10th largest urban area in the world with more than 19 million inhabitants. Osaka was traditionally considered Japan's economic hub. By the Kofun period (300–538) it had developed into an important regional port, and in the 7th and 8th centuries, it served briefly as the imperial capital. Osaka continued to flourish during the Edo period (1603–1867) and became known as a center of Japanese culture. Following the Meiji Restoration, Osaka greatly expanded in size and underwent rapid industrialization. In 1889, Osaka was officially established as a municipality. The construct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elimination Theory
Elimination may refer to: Science and medicine *Elimination reaction, an organic reaction in which two functional groups split to form an organic product *Bodily waste elimination, discharging feces, urine, or foreign substances from the body via defecation, urination, and emesis *Drug elimination, clearance of a drug or other foreign agent from the body *Elimination, the destruction of an infectious disease in one region of the world as opposed to its eradication from the entire world *Hazard elimination, the most effective type of hazard control *Elimination (pharmacology), processes by which a drug is eliminated from an organism Logic and mathematics * Elimination theory, the theory of the methods to eliminate variables between polynomial equations. * Disjunctive syllogism, a rule of inference * Gaussian elimination, a method of solving systems of linear equations * Fourier–Motzkin elimination, an algorithm for reducing systems of linear inequalities * Process of elim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythagorean Theorem
In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle. It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides. This theorem can be written as an equation relating the lengths of the sides ''a'', ''b'' and the hypotenuse ''c'', often called the Pythagorean equation: :a^2 + b^2 = c^2 , The theorem is named for the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, born around 570 BC. The theorem has been proven numerous times by many different methods – possibly the most for any mathematical theorem. The proofs are diverse, including both geometric proofs and algebraic proofs, with some dating back thousands of years. When Euclidean space is represented by a Cartesian coordinate system in analytic geometry, Euclidean distance satisfies the Pythagorean relation: the squared dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William George Horner
William George Horner (9 June 1786 – 22 September 1837) was a British mathematician. Proficient in classics; mathematics, he was a schoolmaster, headmaster and schoolkeeper, who wrote extensively on functional equations, number theory and approximation theory, but also on optics. His contribution to approximation theory is honoured in the designation Horner's method, in particular respect of a paper in ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London'' for 1819. The modern invention of the zoetrope, under the name ''Daedaleum'' in 1834, has been attributed to him. Horner died comparatively young, before the establishment of specialist, regular scientific periodicals. So, the way others have written about him has tended to diverge, sometimes markedly, from his own prolific, if dispersed, record of publications and the contemporary reception of them. Family life The eldest son of the Rev. William Horner, a Wesleyan minister, Horner was born in Bristol. He was educate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horner's Method
In mathematics and computer science, Horner's method (or Horner's scheme) is an algorithm for polynomial evaluation. Although named after William George Horner, this method is much older, as it has been attributed to Joseph-Louis Lagrange by Horner himself, and can be traced back many hundreds of years to Chinese and Persian mathematicians. After the introduction of computers, this algorithm became fundamental for computing efficiently with polynomials. The algorithm is based on Horner's rule: :\begin a_0 &+ a_1x + a_2x^2 + a_3x^3 + \cdots + a_nx^n \\ &= a_0 + x \bigg(a_1 + x \Big(a_2 + x \big(a_3 + \cdots + x(a_ + x \, a_n) \cdots \big) \Big) \bigg). \end This allows the evaluation of a polynomial of degree with only n multiplications and n additions. This is optimal, since there are polynomials of degree that cannot be evaluated with fewer arithmetic operations. Alternatively, Horner's method also refers to a method for approximating the roots of polynomials, described by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polynomial Interpolation
In numerical analysis, polynomial interpolation is the interpolation of a given data set by the polynomial of lowest possible degree that passes through the points of the dataset. Given a set of data points (x_0,y_0), \ldots, (x_n,y_n), with no two x_j the same, a polynomial function p(x) is said to interpolate the data if p(x_j)=y_j for each j\in\. Two common explicit formulas for this polynomial are the Lagrange polynomials and Newton polynomials. Applications Polynomials can be used to approximate complicated curves, for example, the shapes of letters in typography, given a few points. A relevant application is the evaluation of the natural logarithm and trigonometric functions: pick a few known data points, create a lookup table, and interpolate between those data points. This results in significantly faster computations. Polynomial interpolation also forms the basis for algorithms in numerical quadrature and numerical ordinary differential equations and Secure Multi P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Hui
Yang Hui (, ca. 1238–1298), courtesy name Qianguang (), was a Chinese mathematician and writer during the Song dynasty. Originally, from Qiantang (modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Yang worked on magic squares, magic circles and the binomial theorem, and is best known for his contribution of presenting Yang Hui's Triangle. This triangle was the same as Pascal's Triangle, discovered by Yang's predecessor Jia Xian. Yang was also a contemporary to the other famous mathematician Qin Jiushao. Written work The earliest extant Chinese illustration of 'Pascal's triangle' is from Yang's book ''Xiangjie Jiuzhang Suanfa'' ()Fragments of this book was retained in the Yongle Encyclopedia vol 16344, in British Museum Library of 1261 AD, in which Yang acknowledged that his method of finding square roots and cubic roots using "Yang Hui's Triangle" was invented by mathematician Jia XianNeedham, Volume 3, 134-137. who expounded it around 1100 AD, about 500 years before Pascal. In his book (now l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Shijie
Zhu Shijie (, 1249–1314), courtesy name Hanqing (), pseudonym Songting (), was a Chinese mathematician and writer. He was a Chinese mathematician during the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu was born close to today's Beijing. Two of his mathematical works have survived. ''Introduction to Computational Studies'' ( ''Suan hsüeh Ch'i-mong''), and ''Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns''. ''Suanxue qimeng'' The ''Suan hsüeh Ch'i-mong'' (), written in 1299, is an elementary textbook on mathematics in three volumes, 20 chapters and 259 problems. This book also showed how to measure different two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids. The ''Introduction'' had an important influence on the development of mathematics in Japan. The book was once lost in China until Qing dynasty mathematician Luo Shilin bought a Korean printed edition, and re-published in Yangzhou. Since then this book was reprinted several times. ''Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'' Zhu's second book, ''Jade Mirror of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seki Kowa
, Selin, Helaine. (1997). ''Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures,'' p. 890 also known as ,Selin, was a Japanese mathematician and author of the Edo period. Seki laid foundations for the subsequent development of Japanese mathematics, known as ''wasan''. He has been described as "Japan's Newton". He created a new algebraic notation system and, motivated by astronomical computations, did work on infinitesimal calculus and Diophantine equations. Although he was a contemporary of German polymath mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Leibniz and British polymath physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton, Seki's work was independent. His successors later developed a school dominant in Japanese mathematics until the end of the Edo period. While it is not clear how much of the achievements of ''wasan'' are Seki's, since many of them appear only in writings of his pupils, some of the results parallel or anticipate those discovered i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
