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Second Battle Of Algeciras
The Second Battle of Algeciras (also known as the Battle of the Gut of Gibraltar) was a naval battle fought on the night of 12 July 1801 (23 messidor an IX of the French Republican Calendar) between a squadron of British Royal Navy ships of the line and a larger squadron of ships from the Spanish Navy and French Navy in the Gut of Gibraltar. The battle followed the First Battle of Algeciras on 6 July, in which a French squadron anchored at the Spanish port of Algeciras was attacked by a larger British squadron based at nearby Gibraltar. In a heavy engagement fought in calm weather in the close confines of Algeciras Bay, the British force had been becalmed and battered, suffering heavy casualties and losing the 74-gun ship HMS Hannibal (1786), HMS ''Hannibal''. Retiring for repairs, both sides called up reinforcements, the French receiving support first, from the Spanish fleet based at Cadiz, which sent six ships of the line to escort the French squadron to safety. Arriving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain, Habsburg monarchy, Austria, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, Russian Empire, Russia, and several other monarchies. They are divided in two periods: the War of the First Coalition (1792–97) and the War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802). Initially confined to Europe, the fighting gradually assumed a global dimension. After a decade of constant warfare and aggressive diplomacy, France had conquered territories in the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and the Rhineland in Europe and abandoned Louisiana (New France), Louisiana in North America. French success in these conflicts ensured the spread of revolutionary principles over much of Europe. As early as 1791, the other monarchies of Europe looked with ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Battle Of Algeciras
The First Battle of Algeciras was a naval battle fought on 6 July 1801 (17 messidor an IX of the French Republican Calendar) between a squadron of British Royal Navy ships of the line and a smaller French Navy squadron at anchor in the fortified Spanish port of Algeciras in the Strait of Gibraltar. The British outnumbered their opponents, but the French position was protected by Spanish gun batteries and the complicated shoals that obscured the entrance to Algeciras Bay. The French squadron, under Contre-Amiral Charles Linois, had stopped at Algeciras ''en route'' to the major Spanish naval base at Cadiz, where they were to form a combined French and Spanish fleet for operations against Britain and its allies in the French Revolutionary Wars. The British, under Rear-Admiral Sir James Saumarez, sought to eliminate the French squadron before it could reach Cadiz and form a force powerful enough to overwhelm Saumarez and launch attacks against British forces in the Mediterranea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amable Troude
Amable Gilles Troude (Cherbourg, 1 June 1762 – Brest, 1 February 1824) was a French Navy officer, who served in the Napoleonic Wars. Early career Troude joined the commerce navy in 1776. During the American Revolutionary War, he joined the Navy, first serving ''Pluton'' in 1779, and the next year on ''Hercule'', both 74s. He took part in the Battle of the Saintes, and later served aboard the 28-gun frigate ''Crescent''. Troude returned to the commerce navy, but the French revolutionary wars called him back to active duty. He served on the ''Achille'' and on the ''Éole''. He took part in the Glorious First of June. Troude attained the rank of frigate captain on 21 March 1796 and took command of the ''Bergère''. Battle of Algeciras In 1799, he was transferred on the 74-gun ''Tyrannicide'' as second in command. He took part in the Battle of Algeciras on 6 July 1801, and received command of the 80-gun ''Formidable'', whose captain, Landais Lalonde, had been killed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Formidable (1795)
''Formidable'' was an 80-gun of the French Navy, laid down in August 1794 and given the name ''Formidable,'' on 5 October, but renamed ''Figuieres'' on 4 December 1794, although the name was restored to ''Formidable'' on 31 May 1795 after she was launched at Toulon on 17 March 1795. She participated in the Battle of Algeciras, the Battle of Cape Finisterre and several other actions before the British captured her at the Battle of Cape Ortegal on 4 November 1805. The British took her into service as HMS ''Brave''. She was sold to be broken up in April 1816. French service On 6 July 1801 she fought in the Battle of Algeciras under Captain Landais Lalonde, who was killed in the action. Command then transferred to ''capitaine de frégate'' Amable Troude, formerly second in command of ''Dessaix''. On 13 July, as she sailed isolated behind the French fleet, she was chased by the frigate and the ships of the line (74), (80) and (74). She allowed ''Venerable'' catch up and too ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Venerable (1784)
HMS ''Venerable'' was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 19 April 1784 at Blackwall Yard. Service history In 1795, ''Veneraable'' is known to have been under the command of Captain James Bissett. In 1797, ''Venerable'' served as Admiral Duncan's flagship at the Battle of Camperdown.Ships of the Old Navy, ''Venerable''. In 1801, ''Venerable'' took part in the First Battle of Algeciras on 6 July and the Second Battle of Algeciras on 12–13 July. During the latter engagement, she was driven ashore on the coast of Spain in Algeciras Bay, but she was refloated, repaired, and returned to service. Fate ''Venerable'' was wrecked on 24 November 1804, off Roundham Head near Torbay Torbay is a borough and unitary authority in Devon, south west England. It is governed by Torbay Council and consists of of land, including the resort towns of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham, located on east-facing Tor Bay, part of Lyme .... Thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Ship San Hermenegildo (1789)
''San Hermenegildo'' was a 112-gun three-decker ship of the line built at Havanna for the Spanish Navy in 1789 to plans by Romero Landa, one of the eight very large ships of the line of the '' Santa Ana'' class, also known as ''los Meregildos''. ''San Hermenegildo'' served in the Spanish Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars and was destroyed with heavy loss of life during the Second Battle of Algeciras. Construction The ''Santa Ana'' class was built for the Spanish fleet in the 1780s and 1790s as heavy ships of the line, the equivalent of Royal Navy first rate ships. The other ships of the class were the ''Santa Ana'', ''Mexicano'', ''Salvador del Mundo'', ''Conde de Regla'', ''Real Carlos'', ''Reina María Luisa'' and '' Príncipe de Asturias''. Three of the class were captured or destroyed during the French Revolutionary Wars. History In 1793, during the War of the Pyrenees, ''San Hermenegildo'' was the flagship of the squadron under Federico Gravina in the Medite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Saint Antoine
''San Antonio'' was a 74-gun, two-decked, third-rate ship of the line built for the Spanish Navy and launched in Cartagena in 1785. She was present under Captain Salvador Medina at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797. In August 1800 the ''San Antonio'' was at Ferrol during the Royal Navy's Ferrol Expedition failed attempt to take the town. French service By the terms of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso of October 1800, Spain agreed to supply France with "six ships of war in good condition built for seventy-four guns, armed and equipped and ready to receive French crews and supplies". The ''San Antonio'' was handed over in May 1801 to become the French ship ''Saint Antoine'' under Commodore Julien Le Ray, though some Spanish seamen remained aboard. Taking part in the Second Battle of Algeciras during the night of 12–13 July 1801, she was pursued by HMS ''Superb'', Captain Keats, the combined French and Spanish crew engaging the British vessel as it approached. At 23: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Ship Real Carlos (1787)
''Real Carlos'' was a 112-gun three-decker ship of the line built at Havanna for the Spanish Navy in 1787 to plans by Romero Landa. One of the eight very large ships of the line of the '' Santa Ana'' class, also known as ''los Meregildos'', ''Real Carlos'' served in the Spanish Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars and was destroyed with heavy loss of life during the Second Battle of Algeciras. Construction The ''Santa Ana'' class was built for the Spanish fleet in the 1780s and 1790s as heavy ships of the line, the equivalent of Royal Navy first rate ships. The other ships of the class were the ''Santa Ana'', ''Mexicano'', ''Salvador del Mundo'', ''Conde de Regla'', ''San Hermenegildo'', ''Reina María Luisa'' and '' Príncipe de Asturias''. Three of the class were captured or destroyed during the French Revolutionary Wars. History In 1793 the ''Real Carlos'' was under the command of Baltasar Sesma y Zaylorda as the flagship of Admiral Francisco de Borja. Borja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Goodwin Keats
Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats (16 January 1757 – 5 April 1834) was a British naval officer who fought throughout the American Revolution, French Revolutionary War and Napoleonic War. He retired in 1812 due to ill health and was made Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland from 1813 to 1816. In 1821 he was made Governor of Greenwich Hospital in Greenwich, London. Keats held the post until his death at Greenwich in 1834. Keats is remembered as a capable and well respected officer. His actions at the Battle of Algeciras Bay became legendary. Early life Keats was born at Chalton, Hampshire the son of Rev. Richard Keats, the curate, later Rector of Bideford and King's Nympton in Devon and Headmaster of Blundells School, Tiverton, by his wife, Elizabeth. His formal education was brief. At the age of nine, in 1766, he entered New College School, Oxford and was then admitted briefly to Winchester College in 1768 but lacked scholastic aptitude and determined on a career in the Roya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Superb (1798)
HMS ''Superb'' was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, and the fourth vessel to bear the name. She was launched on 19 March 1798 from Northfleet, and was eventually broken up in 1826. ''Superb'' is mostly associated with Richard Goodwin Keats who commanded her as captain from 1801 until his promotion in 1806. Keats famously spent only one night (in Algiers) out of the ship during four and a half years out of a home port. She also served as his flagship from early 1808 until she was paid off in 1809. Keats's captains orders for the ship were comprehensive and used by the fledgling US navy, being found on USS Philadelphia in 1803 and the USS President a decade later. Battle of Algeciras Bay In July 1801 the ''Superb'' was stationed off Cadiz and took part in the second Battle of Algeciras Bay. During the French and Spanish retreat Admiral Sir James Saumarez hailed the ''Superb'' and ordered Keats to catch the allied fleet's rear and engage. The ''Superb'' w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir James Saumarez
Admiral of the Red James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez (or Sausmarez), GCB (11 March 1757 – 9 October 1836) was an admiral of the British Royal Navy, known for his victory at the Second Battle of Algeciras. Early life Saumarez was born at St Peter Port, Guernsey to an old island family, the eldest son of Matthew de Sausmarez (1718-1778) and his second wife Carteret, daughter of James Le Marchant. He was a nephew of Captain Philip Saumarez and John de Sausmarez (1706-1774) of Sausmarez Manor. He was also the elder brother of General Sir Thomas Saumarez (1760-1845), Equerry and Groom of the Chamber to the Duke of Kent, and afterwards Commander-in-Chief of New Brunswick and of Richard Saumarez (1764-1835), a surgeon and medical author. Their sister married Henry Brock, the uncle of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock and Daniel de Lisle Brock. Many of de Sausmarez's ancestors had distinguished themselves in the naval service, and he entered it as midshipman at the age of thirte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Hannibal (1786)
HMS ''Hannibal'' was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 15 April 1786, named after the Carthaginian general Hannibal. She is best known for having taken part in the Algeciras Campaign, and for having run aground during the First Battle of Algeciras on 5 July 1801, which resulted in her capture. She then served in the French Navy until she was broken up in 1824. Early service ''Hannibal'' was commissioned in August 1787, under Captain Roger Boger. In May 1790, ''Hannibal'' was recommissioned under Captain John Colpoys. She was recommissioned in August 1791, for service as a guardship at Plymouth. When war with France became increasing likely towards end of 1792, the guardships at the three naval seaports were ordered to rendezvous at Spithead. ''Hannibal'' and the other Plymouth-based ships left on 11 December and arrived at Spithead the next day. The guardships from the other ports took longer to arrive. On 15 February 1793, she and left ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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