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Schisandraceae
Schisandraceae is a family of flowering plants with 3 known genera and a total of 92 known species. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. Before that, the plants concerned were assigned to family Magnoliaceae and Illiciaceae. The APG IV and APG III systems of taxonomy recognize this family and place it on the order Austrobaileyales. The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes such a family. It places the family in order Austrobaileyales, which in turn is accepted as being among the most basic lineages in the clade angiosperms. APG II assumes this to be a family of three genera, the Schisandraceae ''sensu lato''. This family consists of woody plants, containing essential oils. However, APG II does allow the option of segregating the genus ''Illicium'' as the family Illiciaceae. This leaves only two genera in the family Schisandraceae ''sensu stricto'', consisting of ''Schisandra'' and ''Kadsura'', totalling several dozen s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrobaileyales
Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants consisting of about 100 species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. The best-known species is ''Illicium verum'', commonly known as star anise. The order belongs to the group of basal angiosperms, the ANA grade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales), which diverged earlier from the remaining flowering plants. Austrobaileyales is sister to all remaining extant angiosperms outside the ANA grade.Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies), Jaume Pellicer, Laura J Kelly, Carlos Magdalena, Ilia Leitch, 2013, Genome, 10.1139/gen-2013-0039 The order includes just three families of flowering plants, the Austrobaileyaceae, a monotypic family containing the sole genus, ''Austrobaileya scandens'', a woody liana, the Schisandraceae, a family of trees, shrubs, or lianas containing essential oils, and the Trimeniaceae, essentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illiciaceae
Illiciaceae A.C.Sm. was a family of flowering plants recognized in a number of systems of plant taxonomy. The Illiciaceae is not recognized as a distinct family by the APG III system of plant taxonomy, the most well accepted system in use today. The APG II system treated Illiciaceae as a family that may either be treated as part of another family, the Schisandraceae or allows for the optional segregation of the Illiciaceae from the Schisandraceae. The Illiciaceae as an optional segregate family then has the traditional circumscription of other taxonomic systems, consisting of a single genus, ''Illicium''. The updated APG III system of 2009 does not recognize this family and includes ''Illicium'' in the Schisandraceae. Description The family consists of shrubs or small trees usually with volatile aromatic compounds. The leaves are evergreen, simple, alternate, spiral (sometimes crowded towards the tips of the twigs), leathery, petiolate, pinnately veined, non-sheathing, gland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadsura Japonica (fruits)
''Kadsura japonica'', commonly known as the kadsura vine or simply kadsura, is a plant species native to Japan (Honshū, Kyūshū and the Ryukyu Islands) in woodlands. The larvae of the moth '' Caloptilia kadsurae'' feed on ''K. japonica'' in the main Japanese islands and Ryukyu Islands. Description ''Kadsura japonica'' is a cultivated, dioecious, ornamental plant in gardens, with edible fruits that can be eaten raw or cooked. It grows from to . It is an evergreen with deep green, glossy leaves that turn slightly red in autumn. Its fruits are very bright scarlet and it has white, unisexual flowers. This plant contains 1–3 seeds. The apex is acuminate. The leaves are variegated, shiny green and irregularly edged in white. The flowers are cup shaped and have red berries in spring. The petioles are 0.6–2.3 cm long. 5–8 secondary veins can be found on each midvein in the leaves. In common with other plants in the family Schisandraceae, this species can be monoecious althou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schisandra
''Schisandra'', the magnolia vines, is a genus of twining shrubs that generally climb on other vegetation. Various authors have included the plants in the Illiciaceae ''Schisandra'' (also spelled ''Schizandra'') is native to Asia and North America, with a center of diversity in China. Some species are commonly grown in gardens as ornamentals. It is a hardy deciduous climber which thrives in almost any kind of soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered, shady wall. It may be propagated by cuttings of half-matured shoots in August. Despite its common name "magnolia vine", ''Schisandra'' is not closely related to the true magnolias. Uses Its dried fruit is sometimes used medicinally. The berries of '' S. chinensis'' are given the name ''wu wei zi'' in Chinese ( 五 味 子; pinyin: wǔ wèi zi), which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In traditional Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadsura Angustifolia
''Kadsura'' is a genus of woody vines in the Schisandraceae described as a genus in 1810. Distribution ''Kadsura'' is native to eastern, southern, and southeastern Asia from Sri Lanka eastwards to the Philippines, and from southern Korea and Japan southwards to Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the largest species diversity in China. *''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Cosbaea'' (Lemaire) Y.-W. Law **'' Kadsura coccinea'' (southern China, northern Indochina) *''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Kadsura'' **''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Kadsura'' section ''Kadsura'' ***'' Kadsura induta'' (Yunnan, Guangxi, Vietnam) ***'' Kadsura renchangiana'' (Guangxi) ***'' Kadsura heteroclita'' (China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Borneo, Sumatra) ***'' Kadsura longipedunculata'' (China) ***'' Kadsura oblongifolia'' (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) ***''Kadsura japonica'' (Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan) ***'' Kadsura philippinensis'' (Philippines) ***'' Kadsura angustifolia'' (Guangxi, Vietnam) **''Kadsura'' subgen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronquist System
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) (''see'' Bibliography). Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida ( dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida. ''The Evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG System
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG II in 2003, APG III system in 2009 and APG IV system in 2016. History The original APG system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistic analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes. Although based on molecular evidence only, its constituent groups prove to be supported by other evidence as well, for example pollen morphology supports the split between the eudicots and the rest of the former dicotyledons. The system is rather controversial in its decisions at the family level, splitting a number of long-established families and submerging some other families. It also is unusual in not using botanical names above the level of order, that is, an orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadsura Acsmithii
''Kadsura'' is a genus of woody vines in the Schisandraceae described as a genus in 1810. Distribution ''Kadsura'' is native to eastern, southern, and southeastern Asia from Sri Lanka eastwards to the Philippines, and from southern Korea and Japan southwards to Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the largest species diversity in China. *''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Cosbaea'' (Lemaire) Y.-W. Law **'' Kadsura coccinea'' (southern China, northern Indochina) *''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Kadsura'' **''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Kadsura'' section ''Kadsura'' ***'' Kadsura induta'' (Yunnan, Guangxi, Vietnam) ***'' Kadsura renchangiana'' (Guangxi) ***'' Kadsura heteroclita'' (China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Borneo, Sumatra) ***'' Kadsura longipedunculata'' (China) ***'' Kadsura oblongifolia'' (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) ***''Kadsura japonica'' (Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan) ***'' Kadsura philippinensis'' (Philippines) ***''Kadsura angustifolia'' (Guangxi, Vietnam) **''Kadsura'' subgenu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illiciales
Illiciales is an order of flowering plants that is not recognized by the current most widely used system of plant classification, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III system. The order was comprised differently in various systems of plant taxonomy, but is composed of 2-4 families of shrubs, trees, and lianas native to Australasia, south eastern Asia, and the southeastern United States. The families all contain species with essential oils, and flowers with a perianth with bracts (when present), sepals, and petals incompletely distinguished from each other and not arranged in definite whorls. The families of the order had been variably placed in other orders (Magnoliales, Austrobaileyales) in different taxonomies. The Cronquist system, of 1981, recognized Illiciales as an order consisting of the families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae and placed it in the subclass Magnoliidae, in class Magnoliopsida (or dicotyledons) of division Magnoliophyta (or angiosperms). The Dahlgren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG III System
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system. Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society: * The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants (embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders. * The second, by Haston ''et al.'', was a linear sequence of families followi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG IV System
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998. In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately; the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one. Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families. In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadsura Borneensis
''Kadsura'' is a genus of woody vines in the Schisandraceae described as a genus in 1810. Distribution ''Kadsura'' is native to eastern, southern, and southeastern Asia from Sri Lanka eastwards to the Philippines, and from southern Korea and Japan southwards to Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the largest species diversity in China. *''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Cosbaea'' (Lemaire) Y.-W. Law **'' Kadsura coccinea'' (southern China, northern Indochina) *''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Kadsura'' **''Kadsura'' subgenus ''Kadsura'' section ''Kadsura'' ***'' Kadsura induta'' (Yunnan, Guangxi, Vietnam) ***'' Kadsura renchangiana'' (Guangxi) ***'' Kadsura heteroclita'' (China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Borneo, Sumatra) ***'' Kadsura longipedunculata'' (China) ***'' Kadsura oblongifolia'' (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) ***''Kadsura japonica'' (Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan) ***'' Kadsura philippinensis'' (Philippines) ***''Kadsura angustifolia'' (Guangxi, Vietnam) **''Kadsura'' subgenu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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