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Sannine Formation
The Sannine Formation, also called the Sannine Limestone, is a Cretaceous geologic formation in Lebanon. Description It is primarily Cenomanian in age. The formation laterally varies from east to west; the western lowland "coastal" sequence is over 2000 metres thick and primarily consists of deep water limestone and chalk, while the eastern "mountain" sequence is 500–700 metres thick and consists of shallow water limestone. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation, including those of ''Mimodactylus'' and ''Microtuban''. The pythonomorphs '' Pontosaurus, Eupodophis'' and probably '' Aphanizocnemus'' are known from the formation. Insects are also known from compression fossils, including those of a dragonfly, enigmatic pond-skater like insect '' Chresmoda.'' and a mesoblattinid cockroach.P. Vršanský and E. Makhoul. 2013Mieroblattina pacis gen. et sp. n. - Upper Cretaceous cockroach (Blattida: Mesoblattinidae) from Nammoura limestone of Lebanon ''Insect Evol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics ( lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by Abraham Gottlob Wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontosaurus
''Pontosaurus'' is a now extinct genus of pythonomorph from the Late Cretaceous period. It was originally named ''Hydrosaurus'', but that name was preoccupied by an agamid lizard, so it was renamed. It is known from two species, both Cenomanian in age, the type ''P. lesinensis'' which is known from Hvar in Croatia, the other ''P. kornhuberi'' is known from the Sannine Formation in Lebanon. Both species were relatively small. ''P. krohuberi'' reached in length and in body mass, while ''P. lesinensis'' reached in length and in body mass. See also * List of mosasaurs This list of mosasaurs is a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera that have ever been included in the family Mosasauridae or the parent clade Mosasauroidea, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, bu ... References External links Oceans of Kansas Mosasaurs Extinct reptiles of New Zealand Mosasaurs of Asia Fossil taxa described in 1892 Taxa named by Dragu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clupeiformes
Clupeiformes is the order of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae. The group includes many of the most important Forage fish, forage and food fish. Clupeiformes are physostomes, which means that their gas bladder has a pneumatic duct connecting it to the Gut (zoology), gut. They typically lack a lateral line, but still have the eyes, Fish fin, fins and Fish scale, scales that are common to most fish, though not all fish have these attributes. They are generally silvery fish with streamlined, spindle-shaped, bodies, and they often Shoaling and schooling, school. Most species eat plankton which they filter from the water with their gill rakers. The former order of Isospondyli was subsumed mostly by Clupeiformes, but some isospondylous fishes (isospondyls) were assigned to Osteoglossiformes, Salmoniformes, Cetomimiformes, etc. Families The order includes about 405 species in seven families: * Order Clup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armigatus
''Armigatus'' is an extinct genus of clupeomorph fishes belonging to the order Ellimmichthyiformes. These fishes lived in the Cretaceous (Albian to Turonian, about 103-90 million years ago); their fossil remains have been found in Mexico, Croatia, the Middle East and North Africa, suggesting the genus ranged across the Tethys Sea. Etymology The Latin genus name ''armigatus'', means ''bearer of armor''. ''Brevissimus'' signifies "shortest, smallest". Description ''Armigatus'' has an osteoglossid-like tooth patch, a large foramen in the anterior ceratohyal and a series of subtriangular dorsal scutes, giving rise to their scientific name. Species *''Armigatus brevissimus'' (Blaineville, 1818), the type species, from Heckel and Hajula of the Sannine Formation in Lebanon. *''Armigatus namourensis'' (Forey et al., 2003)Forey, Peter L.; Yi, Lu; Patterson, Colin; Davies, Cliff E. (2003-01).Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon. Journal of Syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with around 99% of those being teleosts. The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods. Mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnodontiformes
Pycnodontiformes is an extinct order of primarily marine bony fish. The group first appeared during the Late Triassic and disappeared during the Eocene. The group has been found in rock formations in Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America. They were small to middle-sized fish, generally with laterally-compressed deep bodies, some with almost circular outlines, adapted for manuverability in reef-like environments. The group was morphologically diverse containing forms such the very short but deep Gebrayelichthyidae and the horned ''Ichthyoceros,'' both from the early Late Cretaceous of Lebanon. Most, but not all members of the groups had jaws with round and flattened teeth, well adapted to crush food items (durophagy), such as echinoderms, crustaceans and molluscs. Some pyncodontiformes developed piranha like teeth used for eating flesh. Most species inhabited shallow marine reef environments, while a handful of species lived in freshwater or brackish conditions. While rare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spathiurus
''Spathiurus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Cenomanian in the Sannine Formation of Lebanon. Description ''Spathiurus'' was designated as a member of the Ionoscopidae family in 2020 as it shows the diagnostic features of the group, making it the first member of the family to be known from the late Cretaceous as well as the Middle East. It is believed to be a sister taxon to '' Ionoscopus'' ''petrarojae'', the both are more derived than Ionoscopus''' ''cyprinoides'', which probably belongs in a different distinct genus. The species ''Amphilaphurus major'' is currently believed synonymous with ''Spathiurus dorsalis''. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College Albert A. List College of Jewish Studies, known simply as List College, is the undergraduate school of the J ... Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindopsis
''Sapindopsis'' ("''Sapindus''-like") is an extinct form genus for leaves of the Cretaceous Period, originally considered similar to soapberry. Associated reproductive structures now suggest it was more closely related to planes and sycamores of the family Platanaceae. Description In the form generic system of paleobotany ''Sapindopsis'' is used only for leaves, which are compound with three to six leaflets. Leaflets vary in distinctness or confluence with the midrib. The venation is pinnate, eucamptodromous to brochidodromus, with percurrent tertiary veins. Distribution and species ''Sapindopsis'' was geographically widespread from Asia to North America. Species include: *†'' Sapindopsis magnifolia'' (Fontaine) Dilcher and Basson 1990 ( type), from the Potomac Group, Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Virginia, USA *†'' Sapindopsis anhouryi'' Dilcher and Basson 1990, from the Sannine Formation, mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Namoura, Lebanon. *†'' Sapindopsis asiaticus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesoblattinidae
Mesoblattinidae is an extinct family of cockroaches known from the Mesozoic. It was formerly considered a wastebasket taxon for Mesozoic cockroaches, but the family has subsequently been better defined, with many taxa transferred to Caloblattinidae. It is considered to have close affinities with Blattidae and Ectobiidae, as well as possibly Blaberidae. The family first appeared by the Early Jurassic. They are considered to represent amongst the oldest groups of modern cockroaches, and like them are thought to have laid oothecae. Systematics Based on * †'' Actinoblattula'' Handlirsch 1906 Çakrazboz Formation, Turkey, Late Triassic ( Rhetian) * †'' Archimesoblatta'' Vršanský 2003 Kota Formation, India, Early-Middle Jurassic, Doronino Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Zaza Formation, Russia Early Cretaceous (Aptian) * †'' Artitocoblatta'' Handlirsch 1906 Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian), La Pedr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chresmoda
''Chresmoda'' is an extinct genus of insects within the family Chresmodidae. Description ''Chresmoda'' are large enigmatic insects with very long specialized legs, probably adapted for skating on the water surface similar to pond skaters. They can reach a body length of about , with a forewing length of about . Some lagre specimens could reached a size of about . These Polyneoptera of uncertain position have been considered aquatic and living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals. They lived during the Cretaceous of Brazil, China, Lebanon, Spain, United Kingdom, Mongolia and Myanmar, as well as in the Late Jurassic of Germany, from 150.8 to 94.3 Ma from the Tithonian to the Cenomanian ages. While most species are known from compression fossils, '' Chresmoda chikuni'' is known from well preserved 3-dimensional specimens in amber. Species *''Chresmoda aquatica'' Martinez-Delclos, 1989 La Pedrera de Rubies Formation and Las Hoyas, Spain, Barrem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
