Clupeiformes is the order of

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or hor ...

that includes the

herring Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, i ...

family,

Clupeidae Clupeidae is a family of ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings, shads, sardines, hilsa, and menhadens. The clupeoids include many of the most important food fishes in the world, and are also commonly caught for production of ...

, and the

anchovy An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water. More than 140 species are placed in 1 ...

family,

Engraulidae An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water. More than 140 species are placed in 1 ...

. The group includes many of the most important

forage Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term ''forage'' has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used m ...

and

food fish Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingest ...

. Clupeiformes are

physostome Physostomes are fishes that have a pneumatic duct connecting the gas bladder to the alimentary canal. This allows the gas bladder to be filled or emptied via the mouth. This not only allows the fish to fill their bladder by gulping air, but also ...

s, which means that their

gas bladder The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth w ...

has a

pneumatic duct The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth wit ...

connecting it to the gut. They typically lack a

lateral line The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial ...

, but still have the eyes,

fins A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. Fin ...

and

scales Scale or scales may refer to: Mathematics * Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points * Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original * Scale factor, a number w ...

that are common to most fish, though not all fish have these attributes. They are generally silvery fish with streamlined, spindle-shaped, bodies, and they often

school A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compuls ...

. Most species eat

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are unable to propel themselves against a Ocean current, current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankt ...

which they filter from the water with their

gill raker Gill rakers in fish are bony or cartilaginous processes that project from the branchial arch (gill arch) and are involved with suspension feeding tiny prey. They are not to be confused with the gill filaments that compose the fleshy part of the ...

s. The former order of Isospondyli was subsumed mostly by Clupeiformes, but some isospondylous fishes (isospondyls) were assigned to

Osteoglossiformes Osteoglossiformes (Greek: "bony tongues") is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South ...

Salmoniformes Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whitefis ...

Cetomimiformes The Cetomimiformes or whalefishes are an order of small, deep-sea ray-finned fish. Some authoritiesE.g. Nelson (2006) include the whalefishes as part of the order Stephanoberyciformes, within the superfamily Cetomimoidea. Their sister order, the ...

, etc.

Families

The order includes about 405 species in seven families: * Order Clupeiformes ** Suborder Denticipitoidei *** Family Denticipitidae (denticle herring) ** Suborder Clupeoidei *** Family

(anchovies) **** Subfamily Coiliinae **** Subfamily Engraulinae *** Family Spratelloididae *** Family

Pristigasteridae Pristigasteridae is a family of ray-finned fish related to the herrings, including the genera ''Ilisha'', '' Pellona'', and '' Pristigaster''. One common name for the taxon is longfin herring. The taxonomic classification of this family is in do ...

(longfin herrings) **** Subfamily Pristigasterinae **** Subfamily Pelloninae *** Family Chirocentridae (wolf herrings) *** Family

Dussumieriidae Dussumieriidae is a family of clupeiform fishes popularly called the "round herrings". It is now recognized by FishBase as a family in its own right; it had been considered to be a subfamily of Clupeidae. It contains two Extant taxon, extant g ...

(round herrings) *** Family

ncl._Sundasalangidae)_(herrings,_sardines,_shads,_and_menhadens) ****_Subfamily_Clupeinae.html" ;"title="Sundasalangidae.html" ;"title="ncl. Sundasalangidae">ncl. Sundasalangidae) (herrings, sardines, shads, and menhadens) **** Subfamily Clupeinae">Sundasalangidae.html" ;"title="ncl. Sundasalangidae">ncl. Sundasalangidae) (herrings, sardines, shads, and menhadens) **** Subfamily Clupeinae **** Subfamily Ehiravinae **** Subfamily Alosinae **** Subfamily Dorosomatinae **** Subfamily Pellonulinae

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-199.6 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-199.6 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-199.6 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:triassic value:rgb(0.51,0.17,0.57) id:earlytriassic value:rgb(0.6,0.22,0.61) id:middletriassic value:rgb(0.73,0.53,0.71) id:latetriassic value:rgb(0.78,0.65,0.8) id:jurassic value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79) id:earlyjurassic value:rgb(0,0.69,0.89) id:middlejurassic value:rgb(0.52,0.81,0.91) id:latejurassic value:rgb(0.74,0.89,0.97) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22 bar:NAM23 bar:NAM24 bar:NAM25 bar:NAM26 bar:NAM27 bar:NAM28 bar:NAM29 bar:NAM30 bar:NAM31 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text: Early from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text: Middle from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text:

Late Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, ...

from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text: Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:

from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text: Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text: Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text: Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Pl. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text: Pl. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:

Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The J ...

from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:latejurassic bar:NAM1 from:-161.2 till:-149.03 text: Pachythrissops color:latejurassic bar:NAM2 from:-150.8 till:-149.03 text:

Daitingichthys ''Daitingichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic The Early Jurassic Epoch (geology), Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series (stra ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Ornategulum color:latecretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Scombroclupea color:latecretaceous bar:NAM5 from:-94.3 till:-85.8 text: Leufuichthys color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-85.8 till:-83.5 text: Histiothrissa color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-70.6 till:-65.5 text: Gasteroclupea color:eocene bar:NAM6 from:-55.8 till:-48.6 text:

Knightia ''Knightia'' is an extinct genus of clupeid bony fish that lived in the freshwater lakes and rivers of North America and Asia during the Eocene epoch. The genus was erected by David Starr Jordan in 1907, in honor of the late University of Wyom ...

color:eocene bar:NAM8 from:-55.8 till:-33.9 text: Hacquetia color:eocene bar:NAM9 from:-55.8 till:0 text:

Clupea ''Clupea'' is genus of planktivorous bony fish belonging to the family Clupeidae, commonly known as herrings. They are found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans, including the Baltic Sea. Two main ...

color:eocene bar:NAM10 from:-55.8 till:0 text:

Harengula ''Harengula'' is a genus of herrings that occur mostly in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, with one species in the eastern Pacific Ocean. There are currently four described species. Species * '' Harengula clupeola'' (C ...

color:eocene bar:NAM11 from:-55.8 till:0 text:

Chirocentrus The wolf herrings are a family (Chirocentridae) of two marine species of ray-finned fish related to the herrings. Both species have elongated bodies and jaws with long sharp teeth that facilitate their ravenous appetites, mostly for other fish. ...

color:eocene bar:NAM12 from:-48.6 till:0 text:

Etrumeus ''Etrumeus'' is a genus of round herrings in the family, Dussumieriidae. Species There are currently seven recognized species in this genus: * '' Etrumeus acuminatus'' Gilbert, 1890 (Eastern Pacific red-eye round herring) * '' Etrumeus golanii' ...

color:eocene bar:NAM13 from:-48.6 till:0 text:

Sardinella ''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant in warmer waters of the tropical and subtropical oceans. Adults are generally coastal, schooling, marine fish but juveni ...

color:eocene bar:NAM14 from:-37.2 till:0 text: Alosa color:oligocene bar:NAM15 from:-33.9 till:0 text:

Opisthonema ''Opisthonema'' is a genus of herrings, the thread herrings, found in tropical waters of the Western Hemisphere. They get their name from a filamentous nature of the last ray of the dorsal fin. Currently, five species are in this genus. Specie ...

color:oligocene bar:NAM16 from:-33.9 till:0 text: Pomolobus color:oligocene bar:NAM17 from:-28.4 till:0 text:

Sardina Sardina may refer to: * Alexander-Martin Sardina, German-Italian scientist and former member of parliament * ''Sardina pilchardus'', the European pilchard in the monotypic genus ''Sardina'' * ''Case Sardina'', a district of the city of Calcinaia ...

color:miocene bar:NAM18 from:-23.03 till:0 text:

Stolephorus ''Stolephorus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. Species These are the currently recognized species in this genus: * '' Stolephorus acinaces'' Harutaka Hata & Sébastien Lavoué & Motomura, 2020 * '' Stolephorus advenus' ...

color:miocene bar:NAM19 from:-23.03 till:0 text:

Anchoa ''Anchoa'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Engraulidae. It currently consists of 35 species. Species There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus: * '' Anchoa analis'' ( R. R. Miller, 1945) (Longfin Pacific anchovy) * ' ...

color:miocene bar:NAM20 from:-23.03 till:0 text:

Ilisha Ilisha may refer to: * ''Ilisha'' (genus), a genus of fish * ''Tenualosa ilisha The ilish (''Tenualosa ilisha'') ( bn, ইলিশ, translit=iliś; also known as the ilishi, hilsa, hilsa herring or hilsa shad, is a species of fish related to ...

color:miocene bar:NAM21 from:-23.03 till:0 text: Sardinops color:miocene bar:NAM22 from:-15.97 till:0 text: Pseudohilsa color:miocene bar:NAM23 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Alisea color:miocene bar:NAM24 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Etringus color:miocene bar:NAM25 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Ganoessus color:miocene bar:NAM26 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Ganolytes color:miocene bar:NAM27 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Quisque ''Quisque'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric herring that lived during the Upper Miocene subepoch. At least two species are known, ''Q. gilberti'', from what is now Southern California, and ''Q. bakeri'', from what is now Texas Texas ( ...

color:miocene bar:NAM28 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Xyne ''Xyne'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric herring that lived during the Upper Miocene subepoch. There are two species described: the type species, ''X. grex'', and a second, deeper-bodied species, ''X. fitgeri''. Fossils are known from the ...

color:miocene bar:NAM29 from:-11.608 till:0 text:

Engraulis ''Engraulis'' is a genus of anchovies. It currently contains nine species. Species * ''Engraulis albidus'' Borsa, Collet & J. D. Durand, 2004 (White anchovy) * '' Engraulis anchoita'' C. L. Hubbs & Marini, 1935 (Argentine anchoita) * '' Engr ...

color:miocene bar:NAM30 from:-11.608 till:0 text: Sarmatella color:pliocene bar:NAM31 from:-5.332 till:-2.588 text: Austroclupea PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text: Early from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text: Middle from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text:

from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text: Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:

from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

References

* {{Authority control Ray-finned fish orders Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker