Synnyr Massif
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Synnyr Massif
Synnyr (russian: Сынныр) is a mountain massif in Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia, Russian Federation. The range is part of the Baikal Rift Zone.Google Earth There is potash mining in the range at the Synnyr mine. Geography The Synnyr stretches from SW to NE for roughly between the Akitkan Range and the Upper Angara Range, west of the northwestern end of the Stanovoy Highlands, with the Patom Highlands to the north. It is limited by the valleys of the Chaya and Mama rivers. The Chuya, Kholodnaya, Tyya and Olokit have their sources in the range.Северо-Байкальское нагорье
'''' in 30 vols. — Ch. ed.



Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and shares Borders of Russia, land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than List of countries and territories by land borders, any other country but China. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's ninth-most populous country and List of European countries by population, Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city is Moscow, the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest city entirely within E ...
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Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic viability of investing in the equipment, labor, and energy required to extract, refine and transport the materials found at the mine to manufacturers who can use the material. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, an ...
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Golets (geography)
Golets ( rus, голец), plural Goltsy ( rus, Гольцы), is a type of bald mountain summit of certain areas of Siberia. The term is part of the geographical name of several peaks in the region. Description ''Golets'' protrude above the treeline and are usually round or blunt. They are barren, rocky or stony, and only rarely lichens or stunted small scrubs such as Siberian pine, may grow on them. Bare rock slopes, kurums and cliffs are common. The term is usually found in the names of mountaintops in the South Siberian System, especially in Transbaikalia and the Sayan Mountains. The zone below the golets is normally the highest of the altitudinal vegetation zones, above the mountain tundra of the alpine belt.Sizykh, A. (2016) ''Formation of an Ecotone at the Boundary of Forest and Mountain Tundra—Morskoy Ridge as an Example, Middle Part of Eastern Coast of Lake Baikal.'' Open Access Library Journal, 3, 1-4. This kind of mountains may consist in single high peaks connect ...
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Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya'' (or '' Great Russian Encyclopedia'') in an updated and revised form. The GSE claimed to be "the first Marxist–Leninist general-purpose encyclopedia". Origins The idea of the ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' emerged in 1923 on the initiative of Otto Schmidt, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In early 1924 Schmidt worked with a group which included Mikhail Pokrovsky, (rector of the Institute of Red Professors), Nikolai Meshcheryakov (Former head of the Glavit, the State Administration of Publishing Affairs), Valery Bryusov (poet), Veniamin Kagan (mathematician) and Konstantin Kuzminsky to draw up a proposal which was agreed to in April 1924. Also involved was Anatoly Lunacharsky, People's Commissar of Education ...
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Kholodnaya (river)
Kholodny (masculine), Kholodnaya/Kholodna (feminine), or Kholodnoye/Kholodne (neuter) may refer to: * Kholodny (surname) * Kholodny (inhabited locality) (''Kholodnaya'', ''Kholodnoye''), several inhabited localities in Russia *, a river in Tatarstan, Russia; a tributary of Menzelya River *Sverdlove Kholodne ( uk, Холодне; russian: Холодное) or Sverdlove ( uk, Свердло́ве; russian: Свердлово) is a rural settlement in Makiivka urban hromada, Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Population: The town is ..., renamed Kholodne in 2016, a settlement in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine See also * Kolodny, a surname {{Disambiguation, surname, geo ...
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Chuya (river)
The Chuya (russian: Чуя), also known as Big Chuya (russian: Большая Чуя, translit=Bolshaya Chuya) in its last stretch, is a river in Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is the 13th longest tributary of the Lena and the 191st longest river in Russia, with a length of and a drainage basin area of . The Mamsko-Chuysky District of Irkutsk Oblast is named after rivers Mama and Chuya. The district's settlement of Chuya is located on the right bank of the Lena River at the confluence with the Chuya.Чуя (река в Бурятской АССР и Иркутской обл.)
'''' in 30 vols. — Ch. e ...
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Mama (river)
The Mama (russian: Мама) is a river in Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Vitim, the second largest in basin area after the Tsipa. The river has a length of and a drainage basin of . The total length of the river including the Left Mama is . The Mamsko-Chuysky District of Irkutsk Oblast is named after rivers Mama and Chuya. The settlements of Bramya, Slyudyanka, Lugovsky, Zarya and Mama are located by the river. Course The river basin is located on the slopes and foothills of the Upper Angara Range. Rivers Left Mama ''(Levaya Mama)'' and Right Mama ''(Pravaya Mama)'', which form the Mama river, have their sources in the heights of the range, at the first and at about the second. They are fast-flowing mountain rivers, with rapids and waterfalls. After the confluence the Mama flows roughly northeastwards across a fragmented floodplain slightly meandering among rocky banks. The river is navigable downstream from the confluence of the Bramya, a s ...
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Chaya (river)
The Chaya (russian: Чая) is a river in Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is the 26th longest tributary of the Lena, with a length of and a drainage basin area of .Чая (река, приток р. Лены)
'''' in 30 vols. — Ch. ed. . - 3rd ed. - M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.(in Russian)
The Chaya flows across , there are no settlements on ...
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Patom Highlands
The Patom Highlands ( rus, Патомское нагорье) are a mountainous area in Eastern Siberia, Russia. Administratively most of the territory of the uplands is part of Irkutsk Oblast, with a smaller section in northern Transbaikal Krai.Google Earth There are large deposits of gold in Bodaybo and Artyomovsky, Irkutsk Oblast, Artyomovsky. Besides these two towns, other inhabited localities of the mountain region are: Mama, Russia, Mama, Perevoz, Bodaybinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Perevoz, Kropotkin, Irkutsk Oblast, Kropotkin, Svetly, Bodaybinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast,, Svetly and Bolshoy Patom (village), Bolshoy Patom, Bodaybinsky District. History In 1912 there was a massacre of striking workers of the Lena Goldfields, located in the Patom Highlands between the Lena and Vitim rivers. Strikers were protesting about harsh working conditions. Soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army intervened and fired upon protesters, causing hundreds of casualties. The incident provoke ...
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Stanovoy Highlands
The Stanovoy Highlands ( rus, Станово́е наго́рье) or Stanovoy Uplands is a mountain range in the Transbaikal region of Siberia, Russia. Geography The Stanovoy Highlands are a mountainous area between the Patom Highlands to the north and the Vitim Plateau to the south. To the northeast they border with the Olyokma-Chara Plateau —in the upper reaches of the Chara river. The ranges of the highlands stretch roughly in a WSW / ENE direction between the North Baikal Highlands in the west and the Olyokma River in the east. There are large intermontane basins, such as the Muya Depression and the Chara Depression at altitudes ranging between and . Subranges The system of the Stanovoy Highlands comprises a group of subranges, including the following:Oleg Leonidovič Kryžanovskij, ''A Checklist of the Ground-beetles of Russia and Adjacent Lands.'' p. 15 *Southern Muya Range (Южно-Муйский хребет), highest point Muisky Gigant Muisky Gigant (russian: ...
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