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Suyurghatmish
Jalal ad-Din Suyurgatmish was Qutlughanid ruler of Kerman and a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad. Life His mother's identity is unknown, he had a full sister Ordu Kutlugh who was married to Baydu. He was a childhood friend with Tekuder, son of Hulagu, a connection that would prove helpful in future. An ambitious person, he went to the court of Abaqa to obtain noble rights of his step-brother Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj in 1279. Having obtained recognition, he arrived at Kerman on 19 September 1280 and forced her step-mother Kutlugh Turkan to make him a co-ruler by 19 October, had the ''khutba'' proclaimed in his name too. A number of members of the court joined Suyurgatmish, including Muiz al-Din Malekshah, a high ranking noble. However she soon "complained to her daughter Padishah Khatun and received a yarligh forbidding her stepson to meddle in the affairs of Kirman". Reign Following Abaqa's death in 1281, he obtained a great power due to his friendship with Tekuder, new Ilkhan. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padishah Khatun
Safwat al-Din Khatun (1256–1295), otherwise known as Padishah Khatun, was the ruler of Kirman from 1292 until 1295 as a member of the Mongol vassal Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty in Persia. Life She was born in 1256, as the youngest daughter of Qutb al-Din (d. 1257) and Kutlugh Turkan of Kirman.Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. . She already had her own fiefdom in Sirjan thanks to her mother Kutlugh Turkan's visit to coronation ceremony of Abaqa in 1265. Her first spouse was Abaqa Khan to whom she was married on 22 May 1272. The marriage was arranged by her mother to secure Mongolian support for her rule. She was granted Abaqa's late mother's Yesunjin's household. She was instrumental in strengthening rule of her mother Kutlugh Turkan and was her supporter against her siblings Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj (1276) and Suyurghatmish (1280). After Abaqa's death She did not leave for Kerman after Abaqa's deat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutlugh Turkan
Kutlugh Turkan (c.1208/1213 – 1283), was a ruler of Kirman from 1257 until 1282. Early life Different accounts exist regarding her early life. According to "History of Qara-Khitai Shahs" (''Tāriḵ-e šāhi-e Qarāḵtāʾiān'') by anonymous author, she might have been born in Transoxiana between 1208 and 1213 and later sold as a slave to an Isfahani merchant, who adopter her and raised with excellent education. While other sources talk of her as a concubine to Qiyasaddin Pirshah (son of Muhammad II of Khwarazm), then of Buraq Hajib. Although Fatema Mernissi proposed that she was Buraq Hajib's daughter. She married to Qutb al-Din Mohammad on 5 September 1235, a nephew of Buraq Hajib and his successor. However they were sent to Ögedei's court when Buraq Hajib's son Rukn al-Din Mubarak Khawja (d. 1252) was recognized as the new ruler of Kirman. They returned to Kirman when Qutb al-Din was confirmed as new ruler in December 1252 by Möngke. However, she was widowed in Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdujin Khatun
Kurdujin Khatun (prior to 1273–1338) was an Ilkhanid princess, ruler of Kerman in 1295–1296 and of Shiraz in 1319–1338 Life She was born to Abish Khatun and Möngke Temür, the son of Hulagu Khan. First Marriage Her marriage to Suyurgatmish of Kerman, a Khitan ruler, helped her new husband to gain many allies, including Suqunjaq Noyan (governor of Iraq), Khuzestan, and Qutui Khatun, the mother of Tekuder. Suyurgatmish was confirmed as the new ruler of Kerman by Tekuder in 1282. Kurdujin further extended her influence when she inherited her mother's estate in 1286. However, after Gaykhatu's coronation, the political climate suddenly changed and Padishah Khatun, who became the ruler of Kerman, imprisoned Suyurgatmish. Kurdujin helped her husband to escape, but he was captured and executed on 21 August 1294. Struggle against Padishah Khatun Kurdujin Khatun was able to get her revenge when Baydu, the son-in-law of Suyurgatmish ascended to throne. Baydu demanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutlugh-Khanids
The Qutlugh-Khanids (otherwise known as the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty, Kirmanid dynasty, or very rarely as the Later Western Liao) was a dynasty of ethnic Khitan origin that ruled over Kirman (in present-day Kerman Province, Iran) from 1222 to 1306. It was founded by Buraq Hajib, who emigrated from the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) during the collapse of the realm. Originally an independent entity, the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty subsequently ruled as vassals of the Khwarazmian dynasty, the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate. The dynasty was removed from power by the Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü, who appointed Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Burhan as governor of Kirman. Later Western Liao Although there was no mention of a dynasty called the "Later Western Liao" (后西辽) in traditional Chinese scholarship, Wang Zhilai wrote a paper ''On the Later Western Liao'' (关于"后西辽") in 1983, where he proposed to call the Qutlugh-Khanids the "Later Western Liao", thereby positioning the dyn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baydu
Baydu (Mongolian script:; ) (died 1295) was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He was the son of Taraqai, who was in turn the fifth son of Hulagu Khan.Stevens, John. ''The history of Persia. Containing, the lives and memorable actions of its kings from the first erecting of that monarchy to this time; an exact Description of all its Dominions; a curious Account of India, China, Tartary, Kermon, Arabia, Nixabur, and the Islands of Ceylon and Timor; as also of all Cities occasionally mention'd, as Schiras, Samarkand, Bokara, &c. Manners and Customs of those People, Persian Worshippers of Fire; Plants, Beasts, Product, and Trade. With many instructive and pleasant digressions, being remarkable Stories or Passages, occasionally occurring, as Strange Burials; Burning of the Dead; Liquors of several Countries; Hunting; Fishing; Practice of Physick; famous Physicians in the East; Actions of Tamerlan, &c. To which is added, an abridgment of the lives of the ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Al-Din Shah Jahan
Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan was the last Qutlughkhanid ruler of Kerman. Life He was a son of Suyurghatmish. His reign was brief after his succession to his cousin. He was reported to be cruel, corrupt and extremely tempered. He was replaced by a Mongol governor Malik Nasiraddin Mohammad on the orders of Öljeitu. He lived the rest of his life in Shiraz with her step-mother Kurdujin Khatun. Her daughter Qutlughkhan Makdumshah was married to Mubariz al-Din Muhammad Mubariz al-Din Muhammad (1301-1363) ( fa, مبارز الدین محمد), was the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty, ruling from 1314 to 1358. He was a Persian of Yemeni origins, which settled in Khurasan during the Islamic conquest. He was the ... in 1328, who became the founder of Muzaffarid dynasty. References 14th-century Khitan rulers Qutlugh-Khanids {{royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Al-Din Mohammad
Qutb al-Din Mohammad — was Qutlughanid ruler of Kerman and a nephew of Buraq Hajib, founder of dynasty. Life He was a son of Hamīd Pur (or Khan Temür), thus a nephew of Buraq Hajib. His father was an emir in service of Khwarazmshah dynasty, who served as commander of Bukhara in c. 1220. First reign and exile He succeeded his uncle Buraq Hajib in 1235 and married Kutlugh Turkan on 5 September 1235. However, his reign was very short as he was quickly replaced by his cousin Rukn al-Din on the order of Ögedei Khan. He left for Mongolia through Shahdad-Zozan route and was ordered to join Mahmud Yalavach in China as soon as he arrived. He was present at Güyük Khan's election in 1246, from whom he asked to be recognized as ruler of Kirman once again. However, this was discouraged by Güyük's trusted advisor Chinqai ( 镇海) who was a tutor to Rukn al-Din previously. Second reign His aspiration to rule Kirman again was realized after Güyük's and Chinqai's subsequent d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzaffar Al-Din Hajjaj
Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a nominal Qutlughkhanid prince of Kerman, a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad and Kutlugh Turkan. Life Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a minor when his father Qutb al-Din Mohammad died in 1257. Kerman nobles assembled and asked Hulegu for Kutlugh Turkan's appointment as the ruler of the principality. Hulegu confirmed Hajjaj as the new ruler of Kerman, while Kutlugh Turkan was named a regent responsible for civil affairs. Hajjaj's brother-in-law Azad al-Din Hajji was confirmed as the supreme commander, much to Turkan's displeasure, who later obtained full sovereign rights. Hajjaj married Arghun Aqa's daughter Begi Khatun - a woman his father wanted to marry - in 1264. This was the year when Turkan was acknowledged by Hulegu as a ruler in her own right, putting Hajjaj under her shadow. Once he reached adulthood, Hajjaj began to fight at the front of the Ilkhanid army ranks, Chagataid where he achieved fame. This was confirmed when he was honored by Abaqa in 1270 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buqa
Buqa (or Bugha) (died January 16, 1289) was a Mongol lord and chancellor who was instrumental in sweeping Arghun to power as the fourth Il-Khan of Iran in 1284 and became his chief minister (vizier) and advisor, succeeding Shams ad-Din Juvayni whom Arghun had executed. Life Childhood Buqa was from the Jalayir tribe and an orphaned person. His father was Ugulay Qurchi who accompanied Hulagu Khan as his scout. He was given to Abaqa's court alongside his brother Aruq as an orphan kid and became his follower. Life under Abaqa and Tekuder He served Abaqa as his trusted counselor, keeper of treasury, keeper of pelts and keeper of seal; meanwhile befriending his son Arghun. After Abaqa's death in 1282, he supported Arghun for the throne in opposition to Tekuder, however, still served him as keeper of seal after his election and became his trusted commander. During Arghun's insurrection against Tekuder in 1284, ilkhan entrusted him to collect Prince Gaykhatu as hostage from Arghun. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Century In Iran
In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the Musical note, note thirteen scale degrees from the root (chord), root of a chord (music), chord and also the interval (music), interval between the root and the thirteenth. The interval can be also described as a Interval (music)#Simple and compound, compound major sixth, sixth, spanning an octave plus a sixth. The thirteenth is most commonly major or minor . A thirteenth chord is the stacking of six (major third, major or minor third, minor) thirds, the last being above the 11th of an eleventh chord. Thus a thirteenth chord is a tertian (built from thirds) chord containing the interval of a thirteenth, and is an extended chord if it includes the ninth and/or the eleventh. "The jazzy thirteenth is a very versatile chord and is used in many genres." Since 13th chords tend to become unclear or confused with other chords when Inverted chord, inverted, they are generally found in root position.Benward & Saker (2009). ''Music in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Khitan Rulers
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Goryeo resisted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salghurids
The Salghurids ( fa, سلغُریان), also known as the Atabegs of Fars (), were a Persianate dynasty of Salur Turkmen origin that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuqs then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century. History The Salghurids were established by Sunqur in 1148, who had profited from the rebellions during the reign of Seljuq sultan Mas'ud ibn Muhammad. Later the Salghurids were able to solidify their position in southern Persia to the point of campaigning against Kurds and involving themselves in the succession of the Kirman Seljuqs, holding Seljuq sultan Malik-Shah III's son Mahmud as a possible claimant to the Seljuq throne. They briefly occupied Isfahan in 1203-4, and later occupied Bahrain taken from the Uyunid dynasty in 1235.Curtis E. Larsen, ''Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society'', (University of Chicago Press, 1984), 66. Under Sa'd I ibn Zangi, the Salghurids experienced a significant prosperity, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
