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Stomachion
''Ostomachion'', also known as ''loculus Archimedius'' (Archimedes' box in Latin) and also as ''syntomachion'', is a mathematical treatise attributed to Archimedes. This work has survived fragmentarily in an Arabic version and a copy, the ''Archimedes Palimpsest'', of the original ancient Greek text made in Byzantine times.Darling, David (2004). ''The universal book of mathematics: from Abracadabra to Zeno's paradoxes''. John Wiley and Sons, p. 188. The word Ostomachion has as its roots in the Greek Ὀστομάχιον, which means "bone-fight", from ὀστέον (''osteon''), "bone" and μάχη (''mache''), "fight, battle, combat". Note that the manuscripts refer to the word as "Stomachion", an apparent corruption of the original Greek. Ausonius gives us the correct name "Ostomachion" (''quod Graeci ostomachion vocavere,'' "which the Greeks called ostomachion"). The Ostomachion which he describes was a puzzle similar to tangrams and was played perhaps by several persons w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostomachion
''Ostomachion'', also known as ''loculus Archimedius'' (Archimedes' box in Latin) and also as ''syntomachion'', is a mathematical treatise attributed to Archimedes. This work has survived fragmentarily in an Arabic version and a copy, the ''Archimedes Palimpsest'', of the original ancient Greek text made in Byzantine times.Darling, David (2004). ''The universal book of mathematics: from Abracadabra to Zeno's paradoxes''. John Wiley and Sons, p. 188. The word Ostomachion has as its roots in the Greek Ὀστομάχιον, which means "bone-fight", from ὀστέον (''osteon''), "bone" and μάχη (''mache''), "fight, battle, combat". Note that the manuscripts refer to the word as "Stomachion", an apparent corruption of the original Greek. Ausonius gives us the correct name "Ostomachion" (''quod Graeci ostomachion vocavere,'' "which the Greeks called ostomachion"). The Ostomachion which he describes was a puzzle similar to tangrams and was played perhaps by several persons w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stomachion
''Ostomachion'', also known as ''loculus Archimedius'' (Archimedes' box in Latin) and also as ''syntomachion'', is a mathematical treatise attributed to Archimedes. This work has survived fragmentarily in an Arabic version and a copy, the ''Archimedes Palimpsest'', of the original ancient Greek text made in Byzantine times.Darling, David (2004). ''The universal book of mathematics: from Abracadabra to Zeno's paradoxes''. John Wiley and Sons, p. 188. The word Ostomachion has as its roots in the Greek Ὀστομάχιον, which means "bone-fight", from ὀστέον (''osteon''), "bone" and μάχη (''mache''), "fight, battle, combat". Note that the manuscripts refer to the word as "Stomachion", an apparent corruption of the original Greek. Ausonius gives us the correct name "Ostomachion" (''quod Graeci ostomachion vocavere,'' "which the Greeks called ostomachion"). The Ostomachion which he describes was a puzzle similar to tangrams and was played perhaps by several persons w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archimedes
Archimedes of Syracuse (;; ) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Considered the greatest mathematician of ancient history, and one of the greatest of all time,* * * * * * * * * * Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitely small and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems. These include the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, the area of an ellipse, the area under a parabola, the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution, the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution, and the area of a spiral. Heath, Thomas L. 1897. ''Works of Archimedes''. Archimedes' other mathematical achievements include deriving an approximation of pi, defining and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archimedes Palimpsest
The Archimedes Palimpsest is a parchment codex palimpsest, originally a Byzantine Greek copy of a compilation of Archimedes and other authors. It contains two works of Archimedes that were thought to have been lost (the ''Ostomachion'' and the '' Method of Mechanical Theorems'') and the only surviving original Greek edition of his work ''On Floating Bodies''. The first version of the compilation is believed to have been produced by Isidorus of Miletus, the architect of the geometrically complex Hagia Sophia cathedral in Constantinople, sometime around AD 530. The copy found in the palimpsest was created from this original, also in Constantinople, during the Macedonian Renaissance (c. AD 950), a time when mathematics in the capital was being revived by the former Greek Orthodox bishop of Thessaloniki Leo the Geometer, a cousin of the Patriarch. Following the sack of Constantinople by Western crusaders in 1204, the manuscript was taken to an isolated Greek monastery in Palestine, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissection Puzzle
A dissection puzzle, also called a transformation puzzle or ''Richter Puzzle'', is a tiling puzzle where a set of pieces can be assembled in different ways to produce two or more distinct geometric shapes. The creation of new dissection puzzles is also considered to be a type of dissection puzzle. Puzzles may include various restraints, such as hinged pieces, pieces that can fold, or pieces that can twist. Creators of new dissection puzzles emphasize using a minimum number of pieces, or creating novel situations, such as ensuring that every piece connects to another with a hinge. History Dissection puzzles are an early form of geometric puzzle. The earliest known descriptions of dissection puzzles are from the time of Plato (427–347 BCE) in Ancient Greece, and involve the challenge of turning two equal squares into one larger square using four pieces. Other ancient dissection puzzles were used as graphic depictions of the Pythagorean theorem (see square trisection). A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnus Felix Ennodius
Magnus Felix Ennodius (473 or 47417 July 521 AD) was Bishop of Pavia in 514, and a Latin rhetorician and poet. He was one of four Gallo-Roman aristocrats of the fifth to sixth-century whose letters survive in quantity: the others are Sidonius Apollinaris, prefect of Rome in 468 and bishop of Clermont (died 485), Ruricius bishop of Limoges (died 507) and Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus, bishop of Vienne (died 518). All of them were linked in the tightly bound aristocratic Gallo-Roman network that provided the bishops of Catholic Gaul. He is regarded as a saint, with a feast day of 17 July. Life Ennodius was born at Arelate (Arles) and belonged to a distinguished but impecunious family. As Mommaerts and Kelley observe, "Ennodius claimed in his letters to them to be related to a large number of individuals. Unfortunately, he seldom specified the nature of the relationship."Mommaerts and Kelley, "The Anicii of Gaul and Rome" in John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton, ''Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiling Puzzles
{{disambiguation, surname ...
Tiling may refer to: *The physical act of laying tiles *Tessellations Computing *The compiler optimization of loop tiling *Tiled rendering, the process of subdividing an image by regular grid *Tiling window manager People *Heinrich Sylvester Theodor Tiling (1818–1871), physician and botanist *Reinhold Tiling (1893–1933), German rocket pioneer Other uses *Neuronal tiling *Tile drainage, an agriculture practice that removes excess water from soil *Tiling (crater), a small, undistinguished crater on the far side of the Moon See also *Brickwork *Packing (other) *Tiling puzzle Tiling puzzles are puzzles involving two-dimensional packing problems in which a number of flat shapes have to be assembled into a larger given shape without overlaps (and often without gaps). Some tiling puzzles ask you to dissect a given ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puzzles
A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together ( or take them apart) in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct or fun solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology. Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' dates the word ''puzzle'' (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century. Its earliest use documented in the ''OED'' was in a book titled ''The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt. Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master'' (published circa 1595). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek Mathematical Works
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500. The three-age system periodizes ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages varies between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was already exponentially increasing due to the Neolithic Revolution, which was in full progress. While in 10,000 BC, the world population stood a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Graham
Ronald Lewis Graham (October 31, 1935July 6, 2020) was an American mathematician credited by the American Mathematical Society as "one of the principal architects of the rapid development worldwide of discrete mathematics in recent years". He was president of both the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Association of America, and his honors included the Leroy P. Steele Prize for lifetime achievement and election to the National Academy of Sciences. After graduate study at the University of California, Berkeley, Graham worked for many years at Bell Labs and later at the University of California, San Diego. He did important work in scheduling theory, computational geometry, Ramsey theory, and quasi-randomness, and many topics in mathematics are named after him. He published six books and about 400 papers, and had nearly 200 co-authors, including many collaborative works with his wife Fan Chung and with Paul Erdős. Graham has been featured in ''Ripley's Believe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susan P
Susan is a feminine given name, from Persian "Susan" (lily flower), from Egyptian '' sšn'' and Coptic ''shoshen'' meaning "lotus flower", from Hebrew ''Shoshana'' meaning "lily" (in modern Hebrew this also means "rose" and a flower in general), from Greek ''Sousanna'', from Latin ''Susanna'', from Old French ''Susanne''. Variations * Susana (given name), Susanna, Susannah * Suzana, Suzanna, Suzannah * Susann, Suzan, Suzann * Susanne (given name), Suzanne * Susanne (given name) * Suzan (given name) * Suzanne * Suzette (given name) * Suzy (given name) * Zuzanna (given name) *Cezanne (Avant-garde) Nicknames Common nicknames for Susan include: * Sue, Susie, Susi (German), Suzi, Suzy, Suzie, Suze, Poosan, Sanna, Suzie, Sookie, Sukie, Sukey, Subo, Suus (Dutch), Shanti In other languages * fa, سوسن (Sousan, Susan) ** tg, Савсан (Savsan), tg, Сӯсан (Sūsan) * ku, Sosna,Swesne * ar, سوسن (Sawsan) * hy, Շուշան (Šušan) * (Sushan) * Suja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persi Diaconis
Persi Warren Diaconis (; born January 31, 1945) is an American mathematician of Greek descent and former professional magician. He is the Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Mathematics at Stanford University. He is particularly known for tackling mathematical problems involving randomness and randomization, such as coin flipping and shuffling playing cards. Biography Diaconis left home at 14 to travel with sleight-of-hand legend Dai Vernon, and dropped out of high school, returning to school at age 24 to learn math, motivated to read William Feller's famous two-volume treatise on probability theory, ''An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications''. He attended the City College of New York for his undergraduate work, graduating in 1971, and then obtained a Ph.D. in Mathematical Statistics from Harvard University in 1974), learned to read Feller, and became a mathematical probabilist.Jeffrey R. Young, "The Magical Mind of Persi Diaconis" ''Chronicle of Highe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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