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Stephen IV Of Cilicia
Stephen IV of Cilicia was the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1290 and 1293. Stephen was from the village of Khakh in the province of Ekeliaz, but educated at Rumkale. He was elected to replace the banished Catholicos Constantine II the Woolmaker and was the last to reside at Hromkla. During his reign the Mamalukes marched through the Holy Land against the Christians there and made their way up to Hromkla. After a long stand it was finally sacked with hundreds of residents massacred. Stephen was carried away as their captive and all the churches there were burned. A year into his captivity in Egypt Stephen is said to have died of grief. Soon after Armenia made peace with the Egyptians and the captives were released. Stephen was succeeded by Gregory VII of Cilicia Gregory VII was the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1293 and 1307. Gregory succeeded Stephen IV who died in captivity in Egypt. The location of the Holy See at Rumkale had recentl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholicos
Catholicos, plural Catholicoi, is a title used for the head of certain churches in some Eastern Christian traditions. The title implies autocephaly and in some cases it is the title of the head of an autonomous church. The word comes from ancient Greek , pl. , derived from (, "generally") from (, "down") and (, "whole"), meaning "concerning the whole, universal, general"; it originally designated a financial or civil office in the Roman Empire.Wigram, p. 91. The name of the Catholic Church comes from the same word—however, the title "Catholicos" does not exist in its hierarchy. The Church of the East, some Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches historically use this title;The Motu Proprio ''Cleri Sanctitati'' Canon 335 for example the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Georgian Orthodox Church. In the Church of the East, the title was given to the church's head, the Patriarch of the Church of the East. It is still used in two successor churches, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Apostolic Church
, native_name_lang = hy , icon = Armenian Apostolic Church logo.svg , icon_width = 100px , icon_alt = , image = Էջմիածնի_Մայր_Տաճար.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = , caption = Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church , abbreviation = , type = , main_classification = Eastern Christian , orientation = Oriental Orthodox , scripture = Septuagint, New Testament, Armenian versions , theology = Miaphysitism , polity = Episcopal , governance = Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin , structure = , leader_title = Head , leader_name = Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II , leader_title1 = , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = , leader_name2 = , leader_title3 = , leader_name3 = , associations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hromkla
Rumkale ( ''Roman Castle''), also known as Urumgala, is a fortress on the Euphrates, located in the province of Gaziantep and 50 km west of Şanlıurfa. Its strategic location was already known to the Assyrians, although the present structure is largely Hellenistic and Roman in origin. It is said that John, an apostle of Jesus, lived in Rumkale during Roman times. The site was occupied by various Byzantine and Armenian warlords during the Middle Ages. During the 12th century, it also became the seat of an Armenian bishop. In 1179, a synod took place in Rumkale, attempting a compromise between the Greeks and the Armenians. From 1203 to 1293, it served as the residence of the Catholicos of the Armenian Church."Eastern Churches" by James Darling, London 1850, page 35, paragraph 2 In 1293, it was captured by the Mamluks of Egypt following a protracted siege who then named it ''Qal'at al-Muslimin''. Access The fortress, now situated across a peninsula created by the reservoir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine II The Woolmaker
Constantine II the Woolmaker was the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1286 and 1289, and then again between 1307 and 1322. Early life and education He was from the village of Catuk, but as he was educated in Sis he was called Sisetzi. He was also surnamed Pronagorz, or Woolmaker. Work on throne He came to the pontifical throne on Good Friday of 1286. A year later King Leo II of Armenia died and was succeeded by his son Hetoum II. Two years later a great disagreement took place between the King and Catholicos, which grew to the point where the king convened a meeting of the clergy which deposed Constantine. He was banished after reigning for three years. Almost two decades later, upon the death of Gregory VII of Cilicia, a meeting was called by King Levon III to discuss new church regulations proposed by the recently deceased Catholicos. At this same meeting Constantine II was reinstated as Catholicos. Towards the end of his second reign the Mamlukes, with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') is a term most commonly referring to non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Southern Russian, Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) slave-soldiers and freed slaves who were assigned military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab dynasties in the Muslim world. The most enduring Mamluk realm was the knightly military class in Egypt in the Middle Ages, which developed from the ranks of slave-soldiers. Originally the Mamluks were slaves of Turkic origin from the Eurasian Steppe, but the institution of military slavery spread to include Circassians, Abkhazians, Georgians,"Relations of the Georgian Mamluks of Egypt with Their Homeland in the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Century". Daniel Crecelius and Gotcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory VII Of Cilicia
Gregory VII was the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1293 and 1307. Gregory succeeded Stephen IV who died in captivity in Egypt. The location of the Holy See at Rumkale had recently been destroyed by the Mamalukes invasion and so Gregory moved the See to Sis. During this period a rival Catholicos reigned at Akhtamar and King Hethoum II lifted excommunication on that group and decreed that both Akhtamar and Cilician Sees would have distinct power in their own regions. Catholicos Gregory was on very good terms with his counterpart at Akhtamar. Gregory was said to have been very meek and gentle. He tried to bring the Armenian Church into line with the Greeks, an always very controversial issue which caused much discontent towards him. Near the end of his reign the kingdom was in an era of peace, so Gregory saw it as an opportunity to propose better regulations for ecclesiastical customs and ceremonies. He composed a religious creed which he gave to King Levon II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sis (Armenian Kingdom Of Cilicia)
Sis ( hy, Սիս) was the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The massive fortified complex is just to the southwest of the modern Turkish town of Kozan in Adana Province. History In the 3rd millennium B.C. Sis was one of the Hittite settlements on the Cilician plain between the mountains and the Mediterranean coast. During the 1st century B.C. Sis appears to have been an unfortified village in the Roman province of Cilicia Secunda. The names Sisan or Sisia are first mentioned in the 5th and 6th centuries in Greek and Latin sources. In 703-04 A.D. the Byzantine settlers repulsed an Arab attack, but were soon forced to abandon the town, which became a frontier post for the Abbasid Caliphate. The Caliph Al-Mutawakkil reconstructed the Byzantine defenses in the mid-9th century. The Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas recaptured Sis in 962 from the Abbasids, only to have it become an Armenian possession in 1113, when it was occupied by Rubenid Baron T‛oros I and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholicoi Of Cilicia
Catholicos, plural Catholicoi, is a title used for the head of certain churches in some Eastern Christian traditions. The title implies autocephaly and in some cases it is the title of the head of an autonomous church. The word comes from ancient Greek , pl. , derived from (, "generally") from (, "down") and (, "whole"), meaning "concerning the whole, universal, general"; it originally designated a financial or civil office in the Roman Empire.Wigram, p. 91. The name of the Catholic Church comes from the same word—however, the title "Catholicos" does not exist in its hierarchy. The Church of the East, some Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches historically use this title;The Motu Proprio ''Cleri Sanctitati'' Canon 335 for example the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Georgian Orthodox Church. In the Church of the East, the title was given to the church's head, the Patriarch of the Church of the East. It is still used in two successor churches, the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Oriental Orthodox Christians
Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the world * Armenian language, the Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people ** Armenian alphabet, the alphabetic script used to write Armenian ** Armenian (Unicode block) * Armenian Apostolic Church * Armenian Catholic Church People * Armenyan, or in Western Armenian, an Armenian surname **Haroutune Armenian (born 1942), Lebanon-born Armenian-American academic, physician, doctor of public health (1974), Professor, President of the American University of Armenia **Gohar Armenyan (born 1995), Armenian footballer **Raffi Armenian (born 1942), Armenian-Canadian conductor, pianist, composer, and teacher Others * SS ''Armenian'', a ship torpedoed in 1915 See also * * Armenia (other) * Lists of Armenians This is a list o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
