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Stefanos Gennadis
Stefanos Gennadis was a Greece, Greek army officer who reached the rank of lieutenant general. He is best known for his role during the Balkan Wars. Biography Gennadis was born on 1858 at the island of Chios (regional unit), Chios when it was still under Ottoman rule. With the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire, he joined the Greek army and the ''Ethniki Etaireia'' and proceeded to participate in the Greco-Turkish War (1897), Greco-Turkish War as a captain.Τριαντάφυλος Α. Γεροζήσης, Το Σώμα των αξιωματικών και η θέση του στη σύγχρονη Ελληνική κοινωνία (1821—1975), εκδ. Δωδώνη, p. 224 After the war ended in a Greek defeat, Gennadis was made the inspector of the engineering corps. When the First Balkan War broke out, Gennadis was a colonel as he commanded the Gennadis Detachment which comprised the 1st and 4th Evzone battalions. He commanded the Detachment during the Battle of Sarantapo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chios
Chios (; el, Χίος, Chíos , traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greek island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea. The island is separated from Turkey by the Chios Strait. Chios is notable for its exports of mastic gum and its nickname is "the Mastic Island". Tourist attractions include its medieval villages and the 11th-century monastery of Nea Moni, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Administratively, the island forms a separate municipality within the Chios regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Chios. Locals refer to Chios town as ''Chora'' ( literally means land or country, but usually refers to the capital or a settlement at the highest point of a Greek island). The island was also the site of the Chios massacre, in which thousands of Greeks on the island were massacred, expelled, and enslaved by Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1822. Geogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kilkis–Lachanas
The Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas took place between Greece and Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War. The two countries fought for the town of Kilkis in Central Macedonia from 19 to 21 June 1913 O.S. with Greece ultimately being victorious. Background During the night of 16–17 June, the Bulgarians, without an official declaration of war, attacked their former Greek and the Serbian allies, and managed to evict the Serbs from Gevgelija, cutting off communication between them and the Greeks. However, the Bulgarians failed to drive the Serbs away from the Vardar/Axios river line. After repulsing the initial Bulgarian attack of 17 June, the Greek army, under King Constantine, advanced with 8 divisions and a cavalry brigade, while the Bulgarians under General Ivanov retreated to the naturally strong defensive position of the Kilkis–Lachanas line. Conflict The Bulgarian 2nd Army commanded by General Nikola Ivanov held a line from Lake Dojran south east to Kilkis, Lachanas, Serr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freemasonry
Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of two main recognition groups: * Regular Freemasonry insists that a volume of scripture be open in a working lodge, that every member profess belief in a Supreme Being, that no women be admitted, and that the discussion of religion and politics be banned. * Continental Freemasonry consists of the jurisdictions that have removed some, or all, of these restrictions. The basic, local organisational unit of Freemasonry is the Lodge. These private Lodges are usually supervised at the regional level (usually coterminous with a state, province, or national border) by a Grand Lodge or Grand Orient. There is no international, worldwide Grand Lodge that supervises all of Freemasonry; each Grand Lod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IV Army Corps (Greece)
The IV Army Corps "Thrace" ( el, Δ΄ Σώμα Στρατού «Θράκη», abbr. Δ΄ ΣΣ) is an army corps of the Hellenic Army. Established before the First World War, it served in all conflicts Greece participated in until the German invasion of Greece in 1941. Re-established in 1976, it has been guarding the Greco-Turkish land border along the Evros River, and is the most powerful formation in the Hellenic Army. History The IV Army Corps was established by Royal Decree on 23 December 1913 (O.S.) at Kavala, Eastern Macedonia, during the reorganization of the Hellenic Army following the Balkan Wars. When Eastern Macedonia was occupied by Bulgarian and German forces during World War I, the entire Corps, under its commander Col. Ioannis Hatzopoulos, demobilized and forbidden to offer resistance by the government in Athens, was carried by rail to Görlitz, Germany, as "guests" of the German Government, where they remained for almost three years. During the Greco-Turkish W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kavala
Kavala ( el, Καβάλα, ''Kavála'' ) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit. It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos and on the Egnatia motorway, a one-and-a-half-hour drive to Thessaloniki ( west) and a forty-minute drive to Drama ( north) and Xanthi ( east). It is also about 150 kilometers west of Alexandroupoli. Kavala is an important economic centre of Northern Greece, a center of commerce, tourism, fishing and oil-related activities, and formerly a thriving trade in tobacco. Names Historically the city is also known by two different names. In antiquity the name of the city was Neapolis ('new city', like many Greek colonies). During the Middle Ages was renamed to Christo(u)polis ('city of Christ'). Etymology The etymology of the modern name of the city is disputed. Some mention an ancient Greek settlement of ''Skavala'' near the town. Others propose that the na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drama, Greece
Drama ( el, Δράμα ) is a city and municipality in Macedonia, northeastern Greece. Drama is the capital of the regional unit of Drama which is part of the East Macedonia and Thrace region. The city (pop. 55.593 2021 censuis the economic center of the municipality (pop. 58,944), which in turn comprises 60 percent of the regional unit's population. The next largest communities in the municipality are Choristi (pop. 2,725), Χiropótamos (2,554), Kallífytos (1,282), Kalós Agrós (1,178), and Koudoúnia (996). Built at the foot of mount Falakro, in a verdant area with abundant water sources, Drama has been an integral part of the Hellenic world since the classical era; under the Byzantine Empire, Drama was a fortified city with a castle and rose to great prosperity under the Komnenoi as a commercial and military junction. During the Ottoman era, tobacco production and trade, the operation of the railway (1895) and improvement of the road network towards the port of Kavala, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Macedonia
Western Macedonia ( el, Δυτική Μακεδονία, translit=Ditikí Makedonía, ) is one of the thirteen Modern regions of Greece, regions of Greece, consisting of the western part of Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia. Located in north-western Greece, it is divided into the regional units of Greece, regional units of Florina (regional unit), Florina, Grevena (regional unit), Grevena, Kastoria (regional unit), Kastoria, and Kozani (regional unit), Kozani. With a population of approximately 255,000 people, as of 2021, the region had one of the highest unemployment rates in the European Union. Geography The region of Western Macedonia is situated in north-western Greece, bordering with the regions of Central Macedonia (east), Thessaly (south), Epirus (region), Epirus (west), and bounded to the north at the international borders of Greece with the Republic of North Macedonia (Bitola Municipality, Bitola, Resen Municipality, Resen and Novaci Municipality, Novaci municipalities) and A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Infantry Division (Greece)
In military terms, 5th Division may refer to: Infantry divisions *5th Division (Australia) * 5th Division (People's Republic of China) * 5th Division (Colombia) *Finnish 5th Division (Continuation War) * 5th Light Cavalry Division (France) * 5th Motorized Division (France) * 5th North African Infantry Division, France * 5th Division (German Empire) * 5th Division (Reichswehr) *5th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht) * 5th Royal Bavarian Division, German Empire * 5th Mountain Division (Wehrmacht) * 5th Infantry Division (Greece) *5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) *5th (Mhow) Division, British Indian Army *5th Infantry Division (India) *5th Alpine Division Pusteria, Italy *5th Infantry Division Cosseria, Italy * 5th Division (New Zealand) * 5th Division (North Korea) *5th Division (Iraq) * 5th Division (Norway), participated in the Norwegian Campaign * 5th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire) * 5th Infantry Division (Philippines) * 5th Infantry Division (Poland) * 5th Rifle Division (Pola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grevena
Grevena ( el, Γρεβενά, ''Grevená'', , rup, Grebini) is a town and municipality in Western Macedonia, northern Greece, capital of the Grevena regional unit. The town's current population is 13,374 citizens (2011). It lies about from Athens and about from Thessaloniki. The municipality's population is 25,905. Grevena has had access to the Egnatia Odos since the early 2000s, which now connects Igoumenitsa with Thessaloniki and Alexandroupoli at the border with Turkey. Mountains surround the municipality, which is situated by the river Greveniotikos, which itself flows into the Aliakmon. Other significant towns in the municipality are Amygdaliés and Méga Seiríni. Grevena Municipal Museum is located in the town. History Ottoman period Under Ottoman rule, Grevena (Ottoman name ''Gerebena'') was the seat of the kaza of Grevena, Sanjak of Serfice, Manastir Vilayet. According to the statistics of Vasil Kanchov ("Macedonia, Ethnography and Statistics"), 600 Greek Chris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evzone
The Evzones or Evzonoi ( el, Εύζωνες, Εύζωνοι, ) were several historical elite light infantry and mountain units of the Greek Army. Today, they are the members of the Presidential Guard ( el, Προεδρική Φρουρά , translit=Proedrikí Frourá), a ceremonial unit that guards the Greek Tomb of the Unknown Soldier ( el, Μνημείο του Άγνωστου Στρατιώτη , translit=Mnimeío tou Άgnostou Stratiόti) and the Presidential Mansion in Athens. An Evzone ( el, Εύζωνας) is also known, colloquially, as a Tsoliás ( el, Τσολιάς; pl. Τσολιάδες, Tsoliádes). Evzones are known for their distinctive uniform, which evolved from the clothes worn by the klephts who fought the Ottoman occupation of Greece. The most visible item of this uniform is the fustanella, a kilt-like garment. Their distinctive dress turned them into a popular image for the Greek soldier, especially among foreigners. Etymology The word ''evzōnos'' ( gr, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rise Of Nationalism In The Ottoman Empire
The rise of the Western notion of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire eventually caused the breakdown of the Ottoman ''millet'' concept. An understanding of the concept of nationhood prevalent in the Ottoman Empire, which was different from the current concept of nationhood as it was centered on religion, was a key factor in the decline of the Ottoman Empire. Background In the Ottoman Empire, the Islamic faith was the official religion, with members holding all rights, as opposed to Non-Muslims, who were restricted. Non-Muslim (''dhimmi'') ethno-religious legal groups were identified as different '' millets'', meaning "nations". Ideas of nationalism emerged in Europe in the 19th century at a time when most of the Balkans were still under Ottoman rule. The Christian peoples of the Ottoman Empire, starting with Serbs and Greeks, but later spreading to Montenegrins and Bulgarians, began to demand autonomy in a series of armed revolts beginning with the Serbian Revolution (180 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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