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Stazzema
Stazzema is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about northwest of Florence and about northwest of Lucca. History During World War II, the village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema was the site of a massacre of civil population by German SS soldiers and the Italian Black Brigades (12 August 1944). A total of 560 people were killed, among them 100 children, one of them only 20 days old. The city received the Gold Medal for Military Valour after the war. Geography Stazzema borders the following municipalities: Camaiore, Careggine, Massa, Molazzana, Pescaglia, Pietrasanta, Seravezza, Vagli Sotto, Vergemoli. ''Frazioni'' Stazzema is composed of 17 hamlets (''frazioni''): Arni, Cardoso, Farnocchia, Gallena, La Culla, Levigliani, Mulina, Palagnana, Pomezzana, Pontestazzemese, Pruno, Retignano, Ruosina, Sant'Anna, Stazzema, Terrinca, and Volegno Volegno is a village in Tuscany in central Italy. Administratively, it is a ''frazione'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulina
Stazzema is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about northwest of Florence and about northwest of Lucca. History During World War II, the village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema was the site of a massacre of civil population by German SS soldiers and the Italian Black Brigades (12 August 1944). A total of 560 people were killed, among them 100 children, one of them only 20 days old. The city received the Gold Medal for Military Valour after the war. Geography Stazzema borders the following municipalities: Camaiore, Careggine, Massa, Molazzana, Pescaglia, Pietrasanta, Seravezza, Vagli Sotto, Vergemoli. ''Frazioni'' Stazzema is composed of 17 hamlets (''frazioni''): Arni, Cardoso, Farnocchia, Gallena, La Culla, Levigliani, Mulina, Palagnana, Pomezzana, Pontestazzemese, Pruno, Retignano, Ruosina, Sant'Anna, Stazzema, Terrinca, and Volegno Volegno is a village in Tuscany in central Italy. Administratively, it is a ''fraz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontestazzemese
Stazzema is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about northwest of Florence and about northwest of Lucca. History During World War II, the village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema was the site of a massacre of civil population by German SS soldiers and the Italian Black Brigades (12 August 1944). A total of 560 people were killed, among them 100 children, one of them only 20 days old. The city received the Gold Medal for Military Valour after the war. Geography Stazzema borders the following municipalities: Camaiore, Careggine, Massa, Molazzana, Pescaglia, Pietrasanta, Seravezza, Vagli Sotto, Vergemoli. ''Frazioni'' Stazzema is composed of 17 hamlets (''frazioni''): Arni, Cardoso, Farnocchia, Gallena, La Culla, Levigliani, Mulina, Palagnana, Pomezzana, Pontestazzemese, Pruno, Retignano, Ruosina, Sant'Anna, Stazzema, Terrinca, and Volegno Volegno is a village in Tuscany in central Italy. Administratively, it is a ''frazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pruno (Stazzema)
Stazzema is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about northwest of Florence and about northwest of Lucca. History During World War II, the village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema was the site of a massacre of civil population by German SS soldiers and the Italian Black Brigades (12 August 1944). A total of 560 people were killed, among them 100 children, one of them only 20 days old. The city received the Gold Medal for Military Valour after the war. Geography Stazzema borders the following municipalities: Camaiore, Careggine, Massa, Molazzana, Pescaglia, Pietrasanta, Seravezza, Vagli Sotto, Vergemoli. ''Frazioni'' Stazzema is composed of 17 hamlets (''frazioni''): Arni, Cardoso, Farnocchia, Gallena, La Culla, Levigliani, Mulina, Palagnana, Pomezzana, Pontestazzemese, Pruno, Retignano, Ruosina, Sant'Anna, Stazzema, Terrinca, and Volegno Volegno is a village in Tuscany in central Italy. Administratively, it is a ''frazio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sant'Anna Di Stazzema
Sant'Anna di Stazzema, officially Sant'Anna, is a village in Tuscany, Italy. Administratively, it is a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Stazzema, in the province of Lucca. History In 1944, it was the site of a notorious Nazi crime against humanity committed by a part of German 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS during World War II. In the morning of 12 August, about 560 villagers and refugees (including 130 children) were murdered and their bodies burnt in a scorched earth policy action. After the war, the village was only partially rebuilt. The massacre gained notoriety from 1994. During an investigation of the military attorney Antonino Intelisano, 695 files about war crimes in Italy during World War II were found in a wooden cabinet, known as the ''Armadio della vergogna'' (armoire of shame), located in a palace of Rome. Since 2000, it has been the site of the Italian National Park of Peace (''Parco Nazionale della Pace'') with memorials and a museum dedic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volegno
Volegno is a village in Tuscany in central Italy. Administratively, it is a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Stazzema, in the province of Lucca. Located at 430 m over the sea level in the Regional Park, it has 65 inhabitants. Overview Volegno is home to a church of ''Santa Maria delle Grazie'', which has some 16th-century paintings. The hamlet's economy has always been essentially based on the extraction of the so-called ''Pietra di Volegno'' or '' Cipollino stone'', wh ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waffen SS
The (, "Armed SS") was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and unoccupied lands. The grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions during World War II, and served alongside the German Army (''Heer''), ''Ordnungspolizei'' (uniformed police) and other security units. Originally, it was under the control of the (SS operational command office) beneath Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS. With the start of World War II, tactical control was exercised by the (OKW, "High Command of the Armed Forces"), with some units being subordinated to (Command Staff Reichsführer-SS) directly under Himmler's control. Initially, in keeping with the racial policy of Nazi Germany, membership was open only to people of Germanic origin (so-called " Aryan ancestry"). The rules were partially relaxed in 1940, and after the Operation Barbarossa invasion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retignano
Retignano is a village of about 400 inhabitants, located on a hill in the historical Versilia region of Tuscany, Italy. The inhabitants are known as the Retignanesi. It was originally a small settlement that belonged to the Liguri Apuani, a small community from northern Europe. It joined the Roman Empire in 177 BCE and became one of the most flourishing and developed Roman settlements in the Apuan Alps. It was mainly used as a hideout in the event of an imminent attack from the sea, since it was a known stronghold of sighting of the enemies coming from the sea and strategic point of supply of timber, various extractive materials and marble. After a period of independence in the guise of a “little municipality”, which lasted several centuries. In 1776 the Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo removed this title from the village, subjecting it to the dominion of Lucca, whose province Retignano is now part of. Retignano returned to prosperity in the second half of the nineteenth century th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze''). Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its influence on high culture. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and of the foundations of the Italian language. The prestige established by the Tuscan dialect's use in literature by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini led to its subsequent elaboration as the language of culture throughout Italy. It has been home to many figures influential in the history of art and science, and contains well-known museums such as the Uffizi and the Palazzo Pitti. Tuscany is also known for its wines, including Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano, Brunello di Montalcino and white Vernaccia di San Gimignano. Having a strong linguisti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pescaglia
Pescaglia is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about northwest of Florence and about northwest of Lucca. Pescaglia borders the following municipalities: Borgo a Mozzano, Camaiore, Fabbriche di Vallico, Lucca, Stazzema, Fabbriche di Vergemoli. History The name ''Pescaglia'' is thought by some to derive from the Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... ''Pascualia'', meaning pastureland, and by others from the verb ''pescare'', meaning "to fish". Both relate to the abundant natural resources of the territory. While mention of Piscalia or Pascualia exist from Roman times the first specific record of the town is thought to be in documents relative to the ownership of property by the church of San Pietro in R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molazzana
Molazzana is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about northwest of Florence and about northwest of Lucca. Molazzana borders the following municipalities: Barga, Careggine, Castelnuovo di Garfagnana Castelnuovo di Garfagnana is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Lucca, Toscana, central Italy. It is located at the confluence of the Serchio and the Turrite Secca rivers, close to the intersection of roads passing through the Apennine Mount ..., Gallicano, Stazzema, Fabbriche di Vergemoli. References Cities and towns in Tuscany {{Lucca-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Brigades
The ''Corpo Ausiliario delle Squadre d'azione di Camicie Nere'' (Italian: Auxiliary Corps of the Black Shirts' Action Squads), most widely known as the Black Brigades ( it, Brigate Nere), was one of the Fascist paramilitary groups, organized and run by the Republican Fascist Party (''Partito Fascista Repubblicano'', PFR) operating in the Italian Social Republic (in northern Italy), during the final years of World War II, and after the signing of the Italian Armistice in 1943. They were officially led by Alessandro Pavolini, former Minister of Culture of the fascist era during the last years of the Kingdom of Italy. History Background On 26 July 1943 Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, was arrested after the Italian Grand Council of Fascism (''Gran Consiglio del Fascismo''), with the support of King Vittorio Emanuele III, overthrew him and began negotiations with the Allies for Italy's withdrawal from the war. The Italian government was taken over by Marshal Pietro Badogli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
