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Stanisław Świtalski
Stanisław Jan Ferdynand Świtalski was a Polish colonel who was a Certified officer that served in World War I, the Polish–Ukrainian War and in the Invasion of Poland. Biography He was the son of counselor Józef Świtalski and Helena née Chądzyńska. After graduating from the folk school in Gródek Jagielloński, Gródek and the gymnasium in Lviv (1908), he entered the University of Lviv. Before World War I, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lviv (1913). From August 1914 to July 1917 in the Polish Legions in World War I, Polish Legions. He fought in the ranks of the :pl:2 Pułk Piechoty (LP), 2nd infantry regiment in which, he commanded a platoon and then a company. He then transferred to the :pl:6th Infantry Regiment (LP), 6th Infantry Regiment, he fought over Styr and Stochod. After the Oath crisis, Świtalski was interned in Beniaminów and from 1918, he served in the Polish Military Organization. From November 3, 1918, he was serving in the Polis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gródek Jagielloński
__NOTOC__ Horodok ( uk, Городо́к, pl, Gródek) is a city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Horodok urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: . History Horodok was first mentioned by Nestor the Chronicler in the '' Primary Chronicle''. The ''Galician–Volhynian Chronicle'' mentions that the King Daniel of Galicia came to Horodok with his forces to join Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold while they fought with Polish-Hungarians over the Galician land. In the mid-14th century, together with whole Kingdom of Rus, the settlement was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. Its name was changed to Gródek, and it remained in Poland for the next 400 years. In 1372, King Jagiello founded here a Roman Catholic parish. During this reign, Gródek also received Magdeburg rights. This was the place where King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiello died on 1 June 1434. Until the Partitions of Poland, Gródek was part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certified Officer
In Polish Armed Forces, a certified officer ( pl, Oficer dyplomowany) in a military title assigned to an officer after graduation of the corresponding military school. In addressing (in Polish), the title immediately follows the officer's military rank, e.g. "płk dypl." (pułkownik dyplomowany, certified colonel).''Leksykon PWN: Wojsko, wojna, broń'', Marcin Kamler (ed.), Warszaw, 2001, In the Second Polish Republic the title was awarded to the graduates of Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna (Higher Military School). In the Polish People's Republic this title was reintroduced in 1958 for the graduates of the In the modern Republic of Poland the title was awarded to the graduates of the commanders' and staff courses of the National Defence University of Warsaw. The title was abandoned after the reorganization of Polish military and reintroduced in 2017 for the graduates of Postgraduate Operational-Tactic Studies of the War Studies Academy (full title: "oficer dyplomowany Sił Zbrojnych R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Burhardt-Bukacki
Stanisław Burhardt-Bukacki (1890-1942) was a Polish general. He served in the Polish Legions in World War I, Polish Legions in World War I, then took part in the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War. During World War II, following the German invasion of Poland, he was dispatched to United Kingdom and France, where he arrived around September 7 and where he represented the Polish military in the first weeks of the conflict. He subsequently served in the Polish Armed Forces in the West, where his duties included supervising the evacuation of the Polish Army in France (1939–1940), Polish Army in France to the United Kingdom following the Battle of France, Fall of France, and later, organization and operation of training camps for Polish Army being recreated in Scotland. References {{Poland-mil-bio-stub 1890 births 1942 deaths Polish legionnaires (World War I) Polish generals of the Second Polish Republic Polish people of the Polish–Ukrainian War Polish people of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Inspector Of The Armed Forces
General Inspector of the Armed Forces ( pl, Generalny Inspektor Sił Zbrojnych; GISZ) was an office created in the Second Polish Republic in 1926, after the May Coup. The General Inspector reported directly to the President, and was not responsible to the ''Sejm'' (parliament) or the government. In the event of war, the General Inspector was to become the Commander-in-chief of the Polish Armed Forces. Following the German invasion of Poland in 1939 and the post-war establishment of the Polish People's Republic, the position was retained by the Polish government-in-exile until 1980. List of General Inspectors † denotes people who died in office. Second Polish Republic ''Rydz-Śmigły went into exile on 18 September 1939, during the German invasion of Poland. Afterwards, all General Inspectors were in exile (and increasingly connected with educational activities such as cooperation with the London-based Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum).'' Polish government-in-exil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urban area, which stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 718,507 (as of 2020), while according to the Vilnius territorial health insurance fund, there were 753,875 permanent inhabitants as of November 2022 in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined. Vilnius is situated in southeastern Lithuania and is the second-largest city in the Baltic states, but according to the Bank of Latvia is expected to become the largest before 2025. It is the seat of Lithuania's national government and the Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius is known for the architecture in its Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The city was noted for its multicultural population already in the time of the Polish–Lithuanian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
20th Infantry Division (Poland)
20th Infantry Division ( pl, 20. Dywizja Piechoty) was an infantry division of the Polish Army during the interbellum period, which took part in the Polish September Campaign. It was formed in 1920 from the reorganization of the 2nd Lithuanian-Belarusian Division. Stationed in Baranavichy () and commanded by Colonel Wilhelm Lawicz-Liszka. September 1939 Campaign In the summer of 1939 it was moved west and became part of the Modlin Army. Its task was to defend the partly fortified area north of Mława, near the interwar border of Poland and East Prussia. Between September 1 and 3, 1939 (see: September Campaign), the division defended positions around Mława in the Battle of Mława, facing the more numerous and better equipped units of the German I Army Corps (composed of: 11th Infantry Division, 61st Infantry Division and the Panzer Division Kempf). The Wehrmacht was advancing southwards, towards Warsaw, but first attacks were repulsed with the loss of around 25 German tanks. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna
The National Defence University of Warsaw ( – AON) was the civil-military highest defense (military), defence academic institution in Poland, located in Warszawa–Rembertów. In 2016 it was succeeded by the War Studies University. The National Defence University in Warsaw was established on 1 October 1990 after reform of the General Staff Academy (est. 1947) and continued traditions of the Corps of Cadets (Warsaw), Szkoła Rycerska ("The School of Knights") founded on 15 March 1765 and other subsequent military schools. The National Defence University was subordinate directly to the Polish Ministry of National Education (Poland), Ministry of National Education. AON was the alma mater of Polish commanding and staff officers and civilian experts in national and international security matters. It also conducted extensive scientific method, scientific research on state defence issues, military doctrine, theory of warfare, Military art (Military science), military art, including mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Military Organization
The Polish Military Organisation, PMO ( pl, Polska Organizacja Wojskowa, POW) was a secret military organization which formed during World War I (1914-1918). Józef Piłsudski founded the group in August 1914; it adopted the name ''POW'' in November 1914. It aimed to gather intelligence and to sabotage the enemies of the Polish people. Piłsudski used the POW to act independently from his cautious Austro-Hungarian supporters, and it became an important, if somewhat lesser known, counterpart to the Polish Legions. Its targets included the Russian Empire in the early phase of the war, and the German Empire later. Its membership rose from a few hundred in 1914 to over 30,000 in 1918. History Intelligence and training The Polish Military Organization (PMO) can be traced to formations of August 1914 or even earlier, but it was officially founded in November 1914, as a merger of two previously-existing youth para-military organisations: the Drużyny Strzeleckie and the Związek Strz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beniaminów
Beniaminów is a village in Poland. It has approximately 190 inhabitants (1998) and is located in the Masovian Voivodship, east of Warsaw, between Legionowo and Nieporęt. Within the village are remnants of a 19th-century fort. In 1917, after the Oath Crisis, members of the Polish Legions who had refused to swear an oath of loyalty to the German Kaiser were interned there. During World War II, between 1941 and 1944, the German Wehrmacht ran a prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, internment camps, and military prisons. P ... (Stalag 333) there for Soviet soldiers. More than 30,000 of them died from harsh treatment and malnutrition. Villages in Legionowo County {{Legionowo-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oath Crisis
The Oath crisis ( pl, Kryzys przysięgowy) was a World War I political conflict between the Imperial German Army command and the Józef Piłsudski-led Polish Legions. Initially supporting the Central Powers against Imperial Russia, Piłsudski hoped for the defeat of one of the partitioning powers—Russia—with the help of the other two partitioning states, Austria-Hungary and Germany. However, after the Russian defeat in 1917 it became clear that the Central Powers were in no position to guarantee the independence of Poland. Despite the Act of November 5th of 1916 and the creation of Kingdom of Poland, it was apparent that the newly created state would be little more than a puppet buffer-state for Germany, a part of its Mitteleuropa plan. At this point, Piłsudski decided to switch allegiances to gain the support of the Entente, particularly France and the United Kingdom, for the cause of Polish independence. A good pretext appeared in July 1917, when the Central Powers d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
