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Sphaeroderma Testaceum
''Sphaeroderma testaceum'', the artichoke beetle, is a species of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. Distribution This species is present in most of Europe, North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ... and Israel.D. RivnaField Crop Pests in the Near East/ref> It is adventive in Northern America (Atlantic Canada), Habitat These beetles mainly inhabit wasteland, woodland, roadsides and other areas where host plants occur. Description ''Sphaeroderma testaceum'' can reach a size of . These tiny beetles have a wide head, large eyes and the filiform antennae are close together between the eyes. Elytra are convex and slightly elongate and hind femora are rather enlarged. The pronotum shows coarse puncturation basally, prominent anterior corners, a well define ...
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Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ...
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Genitalia
A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal or plant that is involved in sexual reproduction. The reproductive organs together constitute the reproductive system. In animals, the testis in the male, and the ovary in the female, are called the ''primary sex organs''. All others are called ''secondary sex organs'', divided between the external sex organs—the genitals or external genitalia, visible at birth in both sexes—and the internal sex organs. Mosses, ferns, and some similar plants have gametangia for reproductive organs, which are part of the gametophyte. The flowers of flowering plants produce pollen and egg cells, but the sex organs themselves are inside the gametophytes within the pollen and the ovule. Coniferous plants likewise produce their sexually reproductive structures within the gametophytes contained within the cones and pollen. The cones and pollen are not themselves sexual organs. Terminology The ''primary sex organs'' are the gonads, a p ...
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Cirsium Arvense
''Cirsium arvense'' is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, northern Africa and widely introduced elsewhere.Joint Nature Conservation Committee''Cirsium arvense'' The standard English name in its native area is creeping thistle.Botanical Society of Britain and Irelan It is also commonly known as Canada thistle and field thistle. The plant is beneficial for pollinators that rely on nectar. It also was a top producer of nectar sugar in a 2016 study in Britain, with a second-place ranking due to a production per floral unit of (). Alternative names A number of other names are used in other areas or have been used in the past, including: Canadian thistle, lettuce from hell thistle, California thistle, corn thistle, cursed thistle, field thistle, green thistle, hard thistle, perennial thistle, prickly thistle, setose thistle, small-flowered thistle, way thistle, and stinger-needles. Canada and Canadian thistle a ...
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Serratula
''Serratula'' is a genus of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae native to Eurasia. Plumeless saw-wort is a common name for plants in this genus. ''Serratula'' as traditionally defined contains at least two groups: one of which is basal within the subtribe Centaureinae and one of which is derived; the former group can be moved to the genus ''Klasea''. Various species contain apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, other flavonoids and ecdysteroids. ; Species ; Formerly includedFlann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
Numerous species are now considered members of other genera: * '' Acilepis'' * ''
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Centaurea Nigra
''Centaurea nigra'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names lesser knapweed, common knapweed and black knapweed. A local vernacular name is hardheads. It is native to Europe but it is known on other continents as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. Although the plant is often unwanted by landowners because it is considered a weed by many, it provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated in the top five for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey. It also placed second as a producer of nectar sugar per floral unit, among the meadow perennials, in another study in Britain. Description It is a herbaceous perennial growing up to about a metre in height. The leaves are up to long, usually deeply lobed, and hairy. The lower leaves are stalked, whilst the upper ones are stalkless. The inflorescence contains a few flower heads, each a hemisphere of black or brown bristly ph ...
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Cynara
''Cynara'' is a genus of thistle-like perennial plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, northwestern Africa, and the Canary Islands. The genus name comes from the Greek ''kynara'', which means "artichoke".''Cynara''.
Flora of North America.
Among the better known species in this genus include: * '''' is the cardoon, artichoke thistle, or wild artichoke. The stems of cultivated varieties are used as food around the Mediterranean. It is a common source of a coagulant used as an alternative to in the manufac ...
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Onopordum
''Onopordum'', or cottonthistle, is a genus of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. They are native to southern Europe, northern Africa, the Canary Islands, the Caucasus, and southwest and central Asia. They grow on disturbed land, roadsides, arable land and pastures. They are biennials (rarely short-lived perennials) with branched, spinose winged stems, growing 0.5–3 m tall. In the first season they form a basal rosette of gray-green felted leaves and rarely a few flower heads. In the second season they grow rapidly to their final height, flowering extensively, and then die off after seed maturation. The leaves are dentate or shallowly lobed to compound with several pinnatifid or deeply cut leaflets, and strongly spiny. The terminal flower head is typical for thistles, a semi-spherical to ovoid capitulum with purple (seldom white or pink) disc florets. There are no ray florets. The receptacle is glabrous with dentate margins. The tube of the corolla i ...
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Cirsium
''Cirsium'' is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. They are more precisely known as plume thistles. These differ from other thistle genera ('' Carduus'', ''Silybum'' and ''Onopordum'') in having feathered hairs to their achenes. The other genera have a pappus of simple unbranched hairs. They are mostly native to Eurasia and northern Africa, with about 60 species from North America (although several species have been introduced outside their native ranges). Thistles are known for their effusive flower heads, usually purple, rose or pink, also yellow or white. The radially symmetrical disc flowers are at the end of the branches and are visited by many kinds of insects, featuring a generalised pollination syndrome. They have erect stems and prickly leaves, with a characteristic enlarged base of the flower which is commonly spiny. The leaves are alternate, and some species can be slightly hairy. E ...
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Carlina
''Carlina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is distributed from Madeira and the Canary Islands across Europe and northern Africa to Siberia and northwestern China.Kovanda, M. (2002)Observations on ''Carlina biebersteinii''.''Thaiszia Journal of Botany'' 12(1), 75-82. Plants of the genus are known commonly as carline thistles.''Carlina''.
In: Greuter, W. & E. von Raab-Straube. (Eds.) Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase.


Description

''Carlina'' species are very similar to true thistles (genus '''') in ,
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Carduus
''Carduus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, and the tribe Cardueae, one of two genera considered to be true thistles, the other being ''Cirsium''. Plants of the genus are known commonly as plumeless thistles.''Carduus''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
''Carduus''.
Flora of North America.
They are native to Eurasia and Africa, and several are known elsewhere as . This genus is noted for its disproportionately high number of

Sphaeroderma Testaceum (Fabricius, 1775) (16322242869)
''Sphaeroderma testaceum'', the artichoke beetle, is a species of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. Distribution This species is present in most of Europe, North Africa and Israel.D. RivnaField Crop Pests in the Near East/ref> It is adventive in Northern America (Atlantic Canada), Habitat These beetles mainly inhabit wasteland, woodland, roadsides and other areas where host plants occur. Description ''Sphaeroderma testaceum'' can reach a size of . These tiny beetles have a wide head, large eyes and the filiform antennae are close together between the eyes. Elytra are convex and slightly elongate and hind femora are rather enlarged. The pronotum shows coarse puncturation basally, prominent anterior corners, a well defined basal groove and two lateral notches. Elytra and pronotum are shiny light brown-orange. This species is very similar to ''Sphaeroderma rubidum'' (Graëlls, 1853). It can be distinguished from the previous one on the basis of a smaller size and quadra ...
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Sphaeroderma Rubidum
''Sphaeroderma'' is a large genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, with some 250 species from the Old World The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ....https://www.zin.ru/animalia/coleoptera/addpages/Nadein/Sphaerod.htm Selected species *'' Sphaeroderma epilachnoides'' (Wollaston, 1867) *'' Sphaeroderma freyi'' Bechyné, 1955 *'' Sphaeroderma rubidum'' Graëlls, 1858 *'' Sphaeroderma splendens'' (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963) *'' Sphaeroderma testaceum'' (Fabricius, 1775) Gallery File:Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius, 1775) (16322242869).png, '' Sphaeroderma testaceum'' (Fabricius, 1775) File:Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells, 1858) (6481521519).png, '' Sphaeroderma rubidum'' (Graells, 1858) References Alticini Chrysomelidae genera Taxa named by James Franci ...
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