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Spencer Smith (triathlete)
Spencer Smith is a British triathlete who won ITU Triathlon World Championships in 1993 and 1994. Athletic career Smith moved on from short course Olympic-distance racing to long course and has competed in a number of full Ironman and half-iron distance races following his short course career. He finished 5th at the Ironman World Championship in Kona, Hawaii, in 1998, and 8th in 2000. He won two Ironman Distance races: Ironman Florida in 2001 and Ironman Brazil in 2002. In 1998, Smith was accused of using the banned substance nandrolone. After a long and costly case, he was exonerated after 17 months. During the Court of Arbitration for Sport hearing in New York it was found that the Los Angeles testing laboratory had made an error. After clearing his name against the doping allegation, Smith rode for the now-defunct British professional cycling team, Linda McCartney Racing Team. Smith was recognized by the British Triathlon Federation The British Triathlon Federation (f ...
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Hounslow
Hounslow () is a large suburban district of West London, west-southwest of Charing Cross. It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Hounslow, and is identified in the London Plan as one of the 12 metropolitan centres in Greater London. It is bounded by Isleworth to the east, Twickenham to its south, Feltham to its west and Southall to its north. Hounslow includes the districts of Hounslow West, Heston, Cranford and Heathrow. Although most of the district lay within the London Borough of Hounslow, some parts fall within the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and the London Borough of Hillingdon including Heathrow Airport. Most of Hounslow, including its Town Centre, the area south of the railway station and the localities of Lampton and Spring Grove, falls under the TW3 postcode. The TW4 postcode is made up of Hounslow West and parts of Cranford, whilst the TW5 postcode includes Heston and Cranford. Heathrow Airport and parts of Hatton comprise t ...
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Triathlon
A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of Swimming (sport), swimming, Cycle sport, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially with the time transitioning between the disciplines included. The word is of Greek language, Greek origin, from τρεῖς or ''treis'' (three) and ἆθλος or ''athlos'' (competition). The sport originated in the late 1970s in Southern California as sports clubs and individuals developed the sport. This history has meant that #Nonstandard variations, variations of the sport were created and still exist. It also led to other three-stage races using the name triathlon despite not being continuous or not consisting of swim, bike, and run elements. Triathletes train to achieve endurance, strength and speed. The sport requires focused persistent and Sports periodization, periodised training for each of the three disciplines, as well as combination ...
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ITU Triathlon World Championships
The World Triathlon Championship Series is World Triathlon's annual series of triathlon events used to crown an annual world champion since 2008. There are multiple rounds of competitions culminating in a Grand Final race. Athletes compete head-to-head for points in these races that will determine the overall World Triathlon champion. The elite championship races are held, with one exception, over two distances, the standard or 'Olympic' distance (1.5 km swim, 40 km bike, 10 km run) and the sprint distance (750 m swim, 20 km bike, 5 km run). The ITU (the former name of World Triathlon) world champion between 1989 and 2008 had been decided in a single annual championship race. Since 2018 a mixed relay series has been run in tandem, where national teams compete in mixed team relays for prize money and Olympic qualifying points. From these races, one is denominated as the World Triathlon Mixed Relay Championships. Since 2021 the leg holding the Mixed Relay Championships has also i ...
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1993 ITU Triathlon World Championships
The 1993 ITU Triathlon World Championships were held in Manchester, United Kingdom on August 21 and August 22, 1993. Results Men's Championship Women's Championship See also * 1993 ITU Triathlon World Cup References Results, men eliteResults, women eliteResults, junior menResults, junior women {{DEFAULTSORT:1993 Itu Triathlon World Championships World Triathlon Series World Championships Triathlon World Championships A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of Swimming (sport), swimming, Cycle sport, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially with the t ... Triathlon competitions in the United Kingdom International sports competitions in Manchester ...
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1994 ITU Triathlon World Championships
The 1994 ITU Triathlon World Championships were held in Wellington, New Zealand on 27 November 1994 and organised by the International Triathlon Union. The course was a swim, bike, run. Results Men's Championship Women's Championship See also * 1994 ITU Triathlon World Cup References {{DEFAULTSORT:1994 Itu Triathlon World Championships World Triathlon Series World Championships A world championship is generally an international competition open to elite competitors from around the world, representing their nations, and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport, game, ... 1994 in New Zealand sport International sports competitions hosted by New Zealand Triathlon competitions in New Zealand ...
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ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championships
The World Triathlon Long Distance Championships is a triathlon race held annually since 1994. The championships involve a continuous swim-cycle-run, over distances varying between that of an Olympic-distance and an Iron-distance triathlon race. The championships are organised by World Triathlon World Triathlon, previously known as the International Triathlon Union (ITU), is the international Sports governing body, governing body for the Multisport race, multi-sport disciplines of triathlon, duathlon, aquathlon and other triathlon#Nonsta .... Venues Medallists Men's championship Women's championship Notes References * * {{ITU World Championships Triathlon, Long distance Recurring sporting events established in 1994 Triathlon world championships ...
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Ironman Triathlon
An Ironman Triathlon is one of a series of long-distance triathlon races organized by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC), consisting of a swim, a bicycle ride and a marathon run completed in that order, a total of . It is widely considered one of the most difficult one-day sporting events in the world. Most Ironman events have a time limit of 16 or 17 hours to complete the race, course dependent, with the race typically starting at 7:00am. The mandatory cut off time to complete the swim is 2 hours 20 minutes. The mandatory bike cut off time for when an athlete must have completed their swim, transition and bike varies generally between 10 hours and 10 hours 30 minutes from when an athlete began their swim. The mandatory run cut off varies between 16 and 17 hours from when athlete began their swim. Many races will also have intermediate bike, run, and transition cut off times specific to each race venue. Any participant who completes the triathlon within these time constr ...
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Ironman World Championship
The Ironman World Championship has been held annually in Hawaii since 1978, with an additional race in 1982. It is owned and organized by the World Triathlon Corporation. It is the annual culmination of a series of Ironman triathlon qualification races held throughout the world. History From 1978 through 1980 the race was held on the island of Oahu, the course combining that of three events already held there: the Waikiki Roughwater Swim (2.4 mi./3.86 km), the Around-Oahu Bike Race (115 mi./185.07 km, originally a two-day event), and the Honolulu Marathon. The bike stage was reduced by 3 miles to link it to the start of the marathon course. In 1981 the race was moved to the less urbanized Hawaii (island), Big Island, keeping the distances the same: a open water swimming, open water swim in Kailua-Kona Bay, a Bicycle racing, bike ride across the Hawaiian lava desert to Hāwī, Hawai'i, Hāwī and back, and a marathon (26 miles 385 yards, 4 ...
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Kona District, Hawaii
Kona is a ''moku'' or district on the Big Island of Hawaii in the State of Hawaii, known for its Kona coffee and the location of the Ironman World Championship Triathlon. In the current system of administration of Hawaii County, the ''moku'' of Kona is divided into North Kona District (''Kona ‘Akau'') and South Kona District (''Kona Hema''). The term "Kona" is sometimes used to refer to its largest town, Kailua-Kona. Other towns in Kona include Kealakekua, Keauhou, Holualoa, Hōnaunau and Honalo. Description In the Hawaiian language, ''kona'' means leeward or dry side of the island, as opposed to ''ko‘olau'' which means windward or the wet side of the island. In the times of Ancient Hawaiʻi, ''Kona'' was the name of the leeward district on each major island. In Hawai‘i, the Pacific anticyclone provides moist prevailing northeasterly winds to the Hawaiian islands, resulting in rain when the winds contact the windward landmass of the islands – the winds subsequentl ...
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Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state geographically located within the tropics. Hawaii comprises nearly the entire Hawaiian archipelago, 137 volcanic islands spanning that are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. The state's ocean coastline is consequently the fourth-longest in the U.S., at about . The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii—the last of these, after which the state is named, is often called the "Big Island" or "Hawaii Island" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands make up most of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the United States' largest protected ...
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Nandrolone
Nandrolone, also known as 19-nortestosterone, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) which is used in the form of esters such as nandrolone decanoate (brand name Deca-Durabolin) and nandrolone phenylpropionate (brand name Durabolin). Nandrolone esters are used in the treatment of anemias, cachexia (muscle wasting syndrome), osteoporosis, breast cancer, and for other indications. They are not used by mouth and instead are given by injection into muscle or fat. Side effects of nandrolone esters include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and decreased sexual desire due to its ability to suppress endogenous testosterone synthesis while not being a sufficient androgen itself. They are synthetic androgens and anabolic steroids and hence are agonists of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Nandrolone has strong anabolic effects and weak androgenic effects, which giv ...
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Court Of Arbitration For Sport
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS; french: Tribunal arbitral du sport, ''TAS'') is an international body established in 1984 to settle disputes related to sport through arbitration. Its headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland and its courts are located in New York City, Sydney, and Lausanne. Temporary courts are established in current Olympic host cities. The International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS) was established simultaneously, and a single president presides over both bodies. The ICAS, which has a membership of 20 individuals, is responsible for the financing of and financial reporting by the CAS, and it appoints the Director-General of the CAS. Jurisdiction and appeals Generally speaking, a dispute may be submitted to the CAS only if an arbitration agreement between the parties specifies recourse to the CAS. However, according to rule 61 of the Olympic Charter, all disputes in connection with the Olympic Games can only be submitted to CAS,Internationa ...
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