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Spanish Colonial Real
The silver real ( es, real de plata) was the currency of the Spanish Empire, Spanish colonies in America and the Philippines. In the seventeenth century the silver real was established at two Spanish real, billon reals (''reales de vellón'') or sixty-eight ''Spanish maravedí, maravedís''. Gold ''Spanish escudo, escudos'' (worth 16 reales) were also issued. The coins circulated throughout Spain's colonies and beyond, with the eight-real piece, known in English as the Spanish dollar, becoming an international standard and spawning, among other currencies, the United States dollar. A reform in 1737 set the silver real at two and half billon reals (reales de vellón) or eighty-five maravedís. This coin, called the ''real de plata fuerte'', became the new standard, issued as coins until the early 19th century. The gold escudo was worth 16 ''reales de plata fuerte''. History Coins were produced at mints in Bogotá, Caracas, Guatemala City, Lima, Mexico City, Popayán, Potosí, San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8 Reales - Fernando VI - 1757
8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. In mathematics 8 is: * a composite number, its proper divisors being , , and . It is twice 4 or four times 2. * a power of two, being 2 (two cubed), and is the first number of the form , being an integer greater than 1. * the first number which is neither prime nor semiprime. * the base of the octal number system, which is mostly used with computers. In octal, one digit represents three bits. In modern computers, a byte is a grouping of eight bits, also called an wikt:octet, octet. * a Fibonacci number, being plus . The next Fibonacci number is . 8 is the only positive Fibonacci number, aside from 1, that is a perfect cube. * the only nonzero perfect power that is one less than another perfect power, by Catalan conjecture, Mihăilescu's Theorem. * the order of the smallest non-abelian group all of whose subgroups are normal. * the dimension of the octonions and is the highest possible dimension of a normed divisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potosí
Potosí, known as Villa Imperial de Potosí in the colonial period, is the capital city and a municipality of the Department of Potosí in Bolivia. It is one of the highest cities in the world at a nominal . For centuries, it was the location of the Spanish colonial silver mint. A considerable amount of the city's colonial architecture has been preserved in the historic center of the city, which - along with the globally important Cerro Rico de Potosí - are part of a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Potosí lies at the foot of the ''Cerro de Potosí'' —sometimes referred to as the ''Cerro Rico'' ("rich mountain")— a mountain popularly conceived of as being "made of" silver ore that dominates the city. The Cerro Rico is the reason for Potosí's historical importance since it was the major supply of silver for the Spanish Empire until Guanajuato in Mexico surpassed it in the 18th century. The silver was taken by llama and mule train to the Pacific coast, shipped north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New England
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick to the northeast and Quebec to the north. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the southwest. Boston is New England's largest city, as well as the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester, New Hampshire (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence, Rhode Island (the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island). In 1620, the Pilgrims, Puritan Separatists from England, established Plymouth Colony, the second successful English settlement in America, following the Jamestown Settlement in Virginia foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraguayan Real
The real was the currency of Paraguay until 1856. Initially, the Spanish colonial real circulated. This was followed, in 1813, by the Argentine real The real was the currency of Argentina until 1881. From 1822, it was subdivided into 10 ''décimos''. The sol was also issued during this period and was equal to the real, whilst the peso was worth 8 reales and the escudo was worth 16 reales. .... In 1845, Paraguay began issuing its own reales. Sixteen silver reales equaled one gold escudo. In 1856, the Paraguayan peso was introduced, worth 8 reales. The real continued to circulate as the subdivision of the peso until 1870, when Paraguay decimalized. The only coin issued for Paraguay in this currency was a copper real piece, struck in 1845. These coins were devalued to real in 1847. References * Modern obsolete currencies 1856 disestablishments 19th-century economic history Currencies of Paraguay History of Paraguay {{Paraguay-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honduran Real
The real was the currency of Honduras until 1862. Before 1824, the Spanish colonial real circulated, followed by the Central American Republic real. Sixteen silver reales equalled one gold escudo. Honduras's own real was introduced in 1832. Coins were issued in denominations of ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales. The first issues were minted in 33.3% silver but severe debasement followed, leading to an issue in 1853 containing just 4% silver. This was followed in 1855 and 1856 by an issue in copper and then an issue between 1857 and 1861 in a copper-lead alloy. The real was replaced by the peso The peso is the monetary unit of several countries in the Americas, and the Philippines. Originating in the Spanish Empire, the word translates to "weight". In most countries the peso uses the Dollar sign, same sign, "$", as many currencies na ... at a rate of 8 reales = 1 peso. The real continued as the subdivision of the peso until 1871. {{Honduras-stub Modern obsolete currencies History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecuadorian Real
The real was the currency of Ecuador until 1871. There were no subdivisions but 16 silver reales equalled 1 gold escudo, with the 8 reales coin known as a peso. History Until 1822, the Spanish colonial real circulated, followed by the Colombian real. Ecuador introduced its own coinage in 1833, with the Ecuadorian real replacing the earlier currencies at par. In 1856, the currency was pegged to the French franc, with 8 reales = 5 francs (1 real = 62½ centimes). From 1862, banknotes were issued denominated in pesos and reales. The real was replaced by the peso in 1871 at a rate of 8 reales = 1 peso. Coins Silver coins were issued in denominations of ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. In 1858, a coin denominated as 5 francos was issued. This was worth 8 reales and was issued to indicate the currency's link to the French franc. Coinage production was suspended in 1862. Banknotes Private banks issued paper money denominated in reales between 1862 and 1871. For detail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central American Republic Real
The real was the currency of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1824 to 1838/1841. Sixteen silver reales equaled one gold ''escudo'', and 8 reales equaled one peso. The Central American Republic's real replaced the Spanish colonial real The silver real ( es, real de plata) was the currency of the Spanish colonies in America and the Philippines. In the seventeenth century the silver real was established at two billon reals (''reales de vellón'') or sixty-eight ''maravedís'' ... at par and continued to circulate and be issued after the constituent states left the Central American Republic. The currency was replaced by the Costa Rican real, Salvadoran peso, Guatemalan peso, Honduran real and Nicaraguan peso. References Currencies of Central America Modern obsolete currencies 19th-century economic history Federal Republic of Central America Currencies of Nicaragua Currencies of Honduras Currencies of Guatemala 1824 establishments in Central America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentine Real
The real was the currency of Argentina until 1881. From 1822, it was subdivided into 10 ''décimos''. The sol was also issued during this period and was equal to the real, whilst the peso was worth 8 reales and the escudo was worth 16 reales. History Spanish colonial reales circulated alone until 1813, when Argentina began issuing its own coins. From 1820, paper money was also issued. In 1826, the peso moneda corriente and peso fuerte were introduced in paper money only. In 1854, coins were issued denominated in centavos. However, decimalization did not occur until in 1881, when the real was replaced by the peso moneda nacional at a rate of 8 reales to 1 peso. Coins Silver coins were issued in the name of the "Río de la Plata Province" in denominations of , 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales and , 1, 2, 4 and 8 soles, whilst gold coins (87.5%) were issued in denomination of 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. The state of Buenos Aires issued its own coins starting in 1822, denominated in reales and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuelan Real
The real (plural: ''reales'') was the currency of Venezuela until 1843. History Until 1821, the Spanish colonial real circulated in Venezuela. On 12 June 1802, a mint was opened in Caracas and issued coins denominated in reales until 1821. Paper money was introduced in 1811 denominated in pesos. The Colombian real circulated in Venezuela from 1821, with some coins struck in Caracas. In 1837, the Colombian real was replaced by the Colombian peso (subdivided into 8 reales), which was itself replaced by the Venezuelan peso (subdivided into 10 reales) in 1842 (though it would take a year for the new coins to enter circulation, replacing the 1820s reales). The "real" moniker would continue to be used as a subdivision of the peso until 1863 when the last coin bearing "real" was struck. Coins From 1802, copper and real coins were issued. Silver 1 and 2 reales followed in 1810. In 1812, the Republican government issued copper and real and silver and 1 real. From 1813, the provinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santo Domingo Real
The real was the currency of Santo Domingo (now the Dominican Republic) until 1822. Some coins were struck locally which circulated alongside other Spanish colonial coins. The real was replaced by the Haitian gourde when Santo Domingo was taken over by Haïti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and so .... ''For later currencies of the Dominican Republic, see Dominican peso'' Coins Coins were minted in denominations of , 1 and 2 reales, with the real in copper and the 1 and 2 reales in silver. Mexican 1 and 8 real coins were countermarked with the crowned monogram F7o for circulation in Santo Domingo. References * External links Modern obsolete currencies 1822 disestablishments in North America Currencies of the Dominican Republic {{DominicanRepublic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Real
The real was the currency of Peru until 1863. Sixteen silver reales equalled one gold escudo. The silver coin of 8 reales was also known as the peso. History Initially, the Spanish colonial real was minted. This was replaced by Peruvian currency following liberation in 1826, although the first issues of the Peruvian Republic were made in 1822. The real was replaced in 1863 by the sol at a rate of 1 sol = 10 reales. Coins During the colonial period, silver coins were minted in denominations of , , 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, with gold coins for , 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. In 1822, a provisional coinage was issued in the name of the Republic of Peru in denominations of real, and peso (equal to 1 and 2 reales) and 8 reales. Except for the silver 8 reales, these coins were minted in copper. From 1826, a regular coinage was issued which consisted of the same silver and gold denominations as had been issued during the colonial period. During the period 1836-1839, when Peru was part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Real
The real was a currency of Mexico, issued until 1897. There were 16 silver reales to 1 gold escudo, with 8 '' tlacos'' to the real. The peso, which circulated alongside the real and eventually replaced it, was equal to 8 reales. The first reales issued in Mexico were Spanish colonial reales. These were followed in 1822 by independent issues of Mexico. In 1863, Mexico began issuing a decimal currency based on the peso but coins denominated in reales (in particular 8 reales coins) continued to be minted until 1897. Coins Colonial period Spanish colonial Silver coins were issued in denominations of , , 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, with gold coins for , 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. Between 1814 and 1821, copper coins were also issued for , and tlaco. War of Independence During the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), numerous mints operated, providing coins for both the supporters and opponents of the Spanish crown. The Royalist issued coins at mints in Chihuahua, Durango, Guadalajara, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
