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South-Eastern Finland Fortification System
South-Eastern Finland fortification system is an extensive defensive system formed by three concentric fortress chains in South-East Finland built by Russia in the 1790s. The purpose of the fortification system was to protect the capital of the Russian Empire, Saint Petersburg, from a possible Swedish attack. Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 and the defence of Saint Petersburg Before the South-Eastern Finland fortification system was built, the defence of the Russian-controlled South-East Finland or Old Finland in 18th century relied mainly on the fortresses captured from Sweden. Russia had acquired the medieval castles in Vyborg (Viipuri) and Korela (Käkisalmi) in the Treaty of Nystad 1721. In the 1743 Treaty of Åbo Sweden ceded the 17th-century fortress in Lappeenranta and the Hamina fortress built in the 1720s as well as the medieval castle of Olavinlinna in Savonlinna to Russia. The only new fortress built by Russia in Old Finland before the 1790s was the construc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luumäki
Luumäki () is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in the Taavetti village. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Neighbour municipalities are Hamina, Kouvola, Lappeenranta, Lemi, Miehikkälä and Savitaipale. Lappeenranta is located from Luumäki. The president of Finland P. E. Svinhufvud died in Luumäki on February 29, 1944. The name ''Luumäki'' means literally "Bone Hill". In the Finnish version of the comic strip Bone, the place-name ''Boneville'' is translated as ''Luumäki''. History Luumäki was separated from Lappee as its own parish in 1642. The first church in the Luumäki parish was probably built as soon as the parish became independent. It was destroyed during the Great Wrath (''Isoviha''). The second church, completed in 1731, was damaged during the Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liikkala Fort
Liikkala Fortress is a fortress in Kouvola, Finland. It was built in 1790s as a part of a larger South-Eastern Finland fortification system to protect Saint Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire. Liikkala is located at the crossroad of four roads from Anjala, Hamina, Kouvola and Kaipiainen. During the Hats' War of 1741–1743, Russians built a military camp in the area, and the oldest fortifications might be from that time. During the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790, the importance of the fortifications became evident as the Swedish troops tried to push through Liikkala towards Hamina. In 1790, Russians started to construct the Liikkala Fortress as an outpost of the Hamina Fortress, so that reinforcements could be called from Hamina when needed. After the Finnish War, the border was moved to the Gulf of Bothnia, and the fortress system lost its importance and was eventually abandoned. During the Winter War, an anti-aircraft gun Anti-aircraft warfare, coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utti Fortress
Utti Fortress is a bastion fortress in Utti, Finland. It was built in 1790s as a part of a larger South-Eastern Finland fortification system to protect Saint Petersburg, the capital of Russian Empire. The fortress was built around the area of the Battle of Utti that was fought during the Russo-Swedish War in 1789. During the battle, Russians had noted that the narrow passage between the Haukkajärvi lake and the Haukkasuo bog was suitable for a fortress, as it was difficult to bypass. Construction process started in 1791 and finished in 1792. Around 1100 men took part in the construction, some being from the military and some from the countryside nearby. Within the fortress were barracks, officers quarters, stables, guardhouse and gunpowder magazine. It could house up to 400 soldiers. The fortress was armed at the beginning with 14 cannons and 2 howitzers, but later it had up to 24 cannons. There were plans of expanding the fortress, so that the old fortress would have b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kärnäkoski Fortress
Kärnäkoski Fortress is a bastion fortress in Finland located in Kärnäkoski, Savitaipale built by Russia between 1791 and 1793 to protect Saint Petersburg. Kärnäkoski fortress as part of the South-Eastern Finland fortification system Kärnäkoski Fortress was part of a larger South-Eastern Finland fortification system built to protect Saint Petersburg, the capital of Russian Empire. After the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790), and particularly in the light of the Swedish victories in the Battle of Porrassalmi and the naval Battle of Svensksund, Russian empress Catherine II decided to strengthen the defences in the north-western border of the empire. The construction of a large fortification system in south-eastern Finland was entrusted to general Alexander Suvorov. To protect the capital three concentric fortress chains were built, with Kärnäkoski fortress belonging to the outermost chain located very near the border. Kärnäkoski fortress was built to both defend agains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kymenlaakso
Kymenlaakso ( sv, Kymmenedalen; " Kymi/Kymmene Valley") is a region in Finland. It borders the regions of Uusimaa, Päijät-Häme, South Savo and South Karelia and Russia (Leningrad Oblast). Its name means literally ''The Valley of River Kymi''. Kymijoki is one of the biggest rivers in Finland with a drainage basin with 11% of the area of Finland. The city of Kotka with 51,000 inhabitants is located at the delta of River Kymi and has the most important import harbour in Finland. Other cities are Kouvola further in the inland which has after a municipal merger 81,000 inhabitants and the old bastion town Hamina. Kymenlaakso was one of the first industrialized regions of Finland. It became the most important region for paper and pulp industry in Finland. Since the late 1900s many plants have closed, which has caused some deindustrialization, unemployment and population decline in Kymenlaakso, especially in those communes that were built around plants such as Myllykoski in Kouvo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taavetti
Taavetti (; Swedish: ''Taavetti'', also ''Davidstad'') is a village and administrative center of the Luumäki municipality in South Karelia, Finland. It has a population of 2,084. It is located along Highway 6 between Lappeenranta and Kouvola, and its center also runs on Highway 26 towards Hamina. The distance from Taavetti to the nearest city, Lappeenranta, is about . Taavetti has evolved around the Taavetti Fortress (''Taavetin linnoitus''). The fortress is part of a chain of fortresses built in the late 18th century to protect St. Petersburg. The village of Marttila at the crossroads of the main roads was once chosen as the location for the fortress, as Taavetti still is. Taavetti also has the Taavetti railway station Taavetti (; Swedish: ''Taavetti'', also ''Davidstad'') is a village and administrative center of the Luumäki municipality in South Karelia, Finland. It has a population of 2,084. It is located along Highway 6 between Lappeenranta and Kouvola, and ... on the Kou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kronstadt
Kronstadt (russian: Кроншта́дт, Kronshtadt ), also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt or Kronštádt (from german: link=no, Krone for "crown" and ''Stadt'' for "city") is a Russian port city in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, located on Kotlin Island, west of Saint Petersburg, near the head of the Gulf of Finland. It is linked to the former Russian capital by a combination levee-causeway-seagate, the St Petersburg Dam, part of the city's flood defences, which also acts as road access to Kotlin island from the mainland. Founded in the early 18th century by Peter the Great, it became an important international centre of commerce whose trade role was later eclipsed by its strategic significance as the primary maritime defence outpost of the former Russian capital. Kaplan, 1995 The main base of the Russian Baltic Fleet was located in Kronstadt, guarding the approaches to Saint Petersburg. In March 1921, the island city was the site of the Krons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shlisselburg Fortress
The fortress at Shlisselburg is one of a series of fortifications built in Shlisselburg on Orekhovy Island in Lake Ladoga, near the present-day city of Saint Petersburg, Russia. The first fortress was built in 1323. It was the scene of many conflicts between Russia and Sweden and changed hands between the two empires. During World War II, it was heavily damaged. Today it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. Origins A wooden fortress named Oreshek () or Orekhov () was built by Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (in his capacity as Prince of Novgorod) on behalf of the Novgorod Republic in 1323. It guarded the northern approaches to Novgorod and access to the Baltic Sea. The fortress is situated on Orekhovets Island whose name refers to nuts in Swedish as well as in Finnish (''Pähkinäsaari'', "Nut Island") and Russian languages. After a series of conflicts, a peace treaty was signed at Oreshek on August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Suvorov
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, Aleksándr Vasíl'yevich Suvórov; or 1730) was a Russian general in service of the Russian Empire. He was Count of Rymnik, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Prince of the Russian Empire and the last Generalissimo of the Russian Empire. Suvorov is considered one of the greatest military commanders in Russian history and one of the great generals of the early modern period. He was awarded numerous medals, titles, and honors by Russia, as well as by other countries. Suvorov secured Russia's expanded borders and renewed military prestige and left a legacy of theories on warfare. He was the author of several military manuals, the most famous being ''The Science of Victory'', and was noted for several of his sayings. He never lost a single battle he commanded. Several military academies, monuments, villages, museums, and orders in Russia are dedicate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine II Of Russia
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst , birth_place = Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia, Holy Roman Empire(now Szczecin, Poland) , death_date = (aged 67) , death_place = Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire , burial_date = , burial_place = Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg , signature = Catherine The Great Signature.svg , religion = Catherine II (born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power following the overthrow of her husband, Peter III. Under her long reign, inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment, Russia experienced a renaissance of culture and sciences, which led to the founding of ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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