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Sociology Of Quantification
Sociology of quantification can be defined as the investigation of quantification as a sociological phenomenon in its own right.W. N. Espeland and M. L. Stevens“A sociology of quantification,” Eur. J. Sociol., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 401–436, 2008 Content According to a review published in 2018E. Popp Berman and D. Hirschman“The Sociology of Quantification: Where Are We Now?,” Contemp. Sociol., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 257–266, 2018 ''Sociology of quantification'' is an expanding fields which includes the literature on the quantified self, that on algorithms,C. O’Neil, Weapons of math destruction : how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Random House Publishing Group, 2016. and on various forms of metrics and indicators.W. N. Espeland and M. Sauder, Engines of anxiety : academic rankings, reputation, and accountability. Russell Sage Foundation, 2016.J. Z. Muller, The tyranny of metrics. Princeton University Press , 2018. Older works which can be classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantification (science)
In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into quantity, quantities. Quantification in this sense is fundamental to the scientific method. Natural science Some measure of the undisputed general importance of quantification in the natural sciences can be gleaned from the following comments: * "these are mere facts, but they are quantitative facts and the basis of science." * It seems to be held as universally true that "the foundation of quantification is measurement." * There is little doubt that "quantification provided a basis for the objectivity of science." * In ancient times, "musicians and artists ... rejected quantification, but merchants, by definition, quantified their affairs, in order to survive, made them visible on parchment and paper." * Any reasonable "comparison between Aristotle and Galileo shows clearly that there can be no unique lawfulness discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantified Self
The quantified self refers both to the cultural phenomenon of self-tracking with technology and to a community of users and makers of self-tracking tools who share an interest in "self-knowledge through numbers". Quantified self practices overlap with the practice of lifelogging and other trends that incorporate technology and data acquisition into daily life, often with the goal of improving physical, mental, and emotional performance. The widespread adoption in recent years of wearable fitness and sleep trackers such as the Fitbit or the Apple Watch, combined with the increased presence of Internet of things in healthcare and in exercise equipment, have made self-tracking accessible to a large segment of the population. Other terms for using self-tracking data to improve daily functioning are auto-analytics, body hacking, self-quantifying, self-surveillance, sousveillance (recording of personal activity), and personal informatics. History According to Riphagen et al., the histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Porter
Theodore M. Porter (born 1953) is a professor who specializes in the history of science in the Department of History at UCLA. He has authored several books, including ''The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900''; and ''Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life'', the latter a vast reference for sociology of quantification.E. Popp Berman and D. Hirschman, “The Sociology of Quantification: Where Are We Now?,” Contemp. Sociol., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 257–266, 2018. His most recent book, published by Princeton University Press in 2018, is ''Genetics in the Madhouse: The Unknown History of Human Heredity''. He graduated from Stanford University with an A.B. in history in 1976 and earned a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1981. In 2008, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Bourdieu (; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence in several related academic fields (e.g. anthropology, media and cultural studies, education, popular culture, and the arts). During his academic career he was primarily associated with the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris and the Collège de France. Bourdieu's work was primarily concerned with the dynamics of power in society, especially the diverse and subtle ways in which power is transferred and social order is maintained within and across generations. In conscious opposition to the idealist tradition of much of Western philosophy, his work often emphasized the corporeal nature of social life and stressed the role of practice and embodiment in social dynamics. Building upon and criticizing the theories of Kar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alain Desrosières
Alain Desrosières (18 April 1940 – 15 February 2013) was a statistician, sociologist and historian of science in France, well known for his work in the history of statistics He is the author of '' The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning '', published in 1993, translated into several languages, including English in 1998, and subsequently reviewed in the LRB LRB may refer to: * Love Runs Blind, a Bangladeshi rock band * '' Lego Rock Band'', a game in the ''Rock Band'' video game series * Liquid rocket booster * Little Red Book, quotations from Chairman Mao * Little River Band, an Australian music act * ... in 2000. This described the origins of statistics as technical machinery for administration in the 19th and 20th centuries, including the attempts to measure human and economic development. The text is an account of the statistics and their use in abstracting features of society to better measure and understand them, with particular aims. His major te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ian Hacking
Ian MacDougall Hacking (born February 18, 1936) is a Canadian philosopher specializing in the philosophy of science. Throughout his career, he has won numerous awards, such as the Killam Prize for the Humanities and the Balzan Prize, and been a member of many prestigious groups, including the Order of Canada, the Royal Society of Canada and the British Academy. Life Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, he earned undergraduate degrees from the University of British Columbia (1956) and the University of Cambridge (1958), where he was a student at Trinity College. Hacking also earned his PhD at Cambridge (1962), under the direction of Casimir Lewy, a former student of Ludwig Wittgenstein. He started his teaching career as an instructor at Princeton University in 1960 but, after just one year, moved to the University of Virginia as an assistant professor. After working as a research fellow at Cambridge from 1962 to 1964, he taught at his alma mater, UBC, first as an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorraine Daston
Lorraine Daston (born June 9, 1951 in East Lansing, Michigan) is an American historian of science. Director emerita of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG) in Berlin, and visiting professor in the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago, she is an authority on Early Modern European scientific and intellectual history. In 1993, she was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is a permanent fellow at the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study. Education *Study of history and science at Harvard University (BA 1973 summa cum laude) *diploma in history and philosophy of science Univ. of Cambridge (1974) *PhD in the history of science Harvard Univ. (1979), supervised by I. Bernard Cohen Scholarly activities Daston divides her year between a nine-month period in Berlin, and a three-month period in Chicago, where she usually teaches a seminar and assists doctoral students. Daston was appointed the inaugural Humanitas Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sally Engle Merry
Sally Starr Engle Merry (December 1, 1944 – September 8, 2020) was an American anthropologist. She was the Silver Professor of Anthropology and Faculty Co-Director of the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice at the New York University School of Law. In the past, Merry had also been president of the American Ethnological Society, the Law and Society Association, and the Association for Political and Legal Anthropology. She served as a member of the editorial board of PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review. Early life and education Sally Engle was born on December 1, 1944, in Philadelphia's western suburbs to Robert F. Engle Jr. and Mary Phillips Engle. Her father worked as a research chemist for DuPont. Her mother taught French at Media Friends School and later, served as its director. Robert's family were Quakers who migrated from England to Pennsylvania in the 1600s. Mary's family had come to Philadelphia from Wales in the late 1800s, and established a succ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alain Supiot
Alain Supiot FBA (born 5 June 1949 in Nantes) is a French legal scholar. Biography Supiot achieved his licentiate in law in 1970 and in sociology in 1972, and finished his Ph.D. in law from the University of Bordeaux 1 France, in 1979. Professor tenure (1980), member of the « Institut Universitaire de France » (2001, chair of « Dogmatic Grounds of Law and Social Ties »), Ph.D. honoris causa (Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium), Alain Supiot has successively been Professor at the University of Poitiers and Nantes, France (UMR-CNRS 6028). He created in Nantes the « Maison des sciences de l’Homme Ange Guépin » (Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences), and more recently the Nantes Institute for Advanced Study Foundation, which is promoting cooperations between the North and the South in the field of Social Sciences. He was elected to Collège de France on chair «État social et mondialisation : analyse juridique des solidarités» His career has been landmarke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statactivism
The French movement of statactivism advocates for the mobilization of statistics in support to social movements and agendas. Content The program of French statactivistts is to ‘fight against’ as well as ‘fight with’ numbers, using a variety of possible strategies:I. Bruno, E. Didier, and J. Prévieux, Statactivisme. Comment lutter avec des nombres. Paris: Zones, La Découverte, 2014. * ‘Statistical judo’. This is a strategy of self-defence, whereby existing measures are ‘gamed’ as prescribed by the Goodhart's law; * Denouncing the inadequacy or bias or unfairness of existing indicators and measures, e.g. from official statistics of poverty or inequality;P. Concialdi, “Le BIP40: alerte sur la pauvreté,” in Statactivisme. Comment lutter avec des nombres, I. Bruno, E. Didier, and J. Prévieux, Eds. Zones, La Découverte, 2014, pp. 199–211. *Developing alternative indicators to substitute for those above; *Identifying social contexts and problems which are in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aaron Bastani
Aaron Bastani (born 1983/1984) is a British journalist and writer. He co-founded the left-wing media organisation Novara Media in 2011, and has hosted and co-hosted many of its podcasts and videos. After a 2014 video for the publication, he popularised the term "fully automated luxury communism", which describes a post-capitalist society in which automation greatly reduces the amount of labour humans need to do. He wrote a book in 2019, '' Fully Automated Luxury Communism'', about the subject. Bastani has also written for ''The Guardian'', ''London Review of Books'', ''openDemocracy'' and ''Vice'', and is known for his Twitter activity. Early life and education Aaron Bastani was born as Aaron Peters in Bournemouth to a single mother, who died in 2015. She was employed in cleaning, the service industry and social care, and voted for the Conservative Party. His Iranian father Mammad Bastani was made a British refugee during the Iranian Revolution. He took his father's name Bastani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyber-utopianism
Cyber-utopianism or web-utopianism or digital utopianism or utopian internet is a subcategory of technological utopianism and the belief that online communication helps bring about a more decentralized, democratic, and libertarian society. The desired values may also be privacy and anonymity, freedom of expression, access to culture and information or also socialist ideals leading to digital socialism. Cyber-populists like the M5S use the wonder associated with digital technologies aka the digital sublime to develop their political vision. Origins The Californian Ideology is a set of beliefs combining bohemian and anti-authoritarian attitudes from the counterculture of the 1960s with techno-utopianism and support for neoliberal economic policies. These beliefs are thought by some to have been characteristic of the culture of the IT industry in Silicon Valley and the West Coast of the United States during the dot-com boom of the 1990s. Adam Curtis connects it to Ayn Rand's Objec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
