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Smenospongia Echina
''Smenospongia echina'' is a species of sea sponge in the class Demospongiae. The scientific name of the species was first validly published in 1934 by Max Walker de Laubenfels, as ''Polyfibrospongia echina''.Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1934). New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 91(17): 1-28. page(s): 25-26 See also *''Smenospongia aurea'' * 5-Bromo-DMT *Hallucinogenic fish Several species of fish are claimed to produce hallucinogenic effects when consumed. For example, ''Sarpa salpa'', a species of sea bream, is commonly claimed to be hallucinogenic. These widely distributed coastal fish are normally found in t ... References Dictyoceratida Animals described in 1934 {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the last common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals. Etymology The term ''sponge'' derives from the Ancient Greek word ( 'sponge'). Overview Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class ( la, classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order. History The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name (and not just called a ''top-level genus'' ''(genus summum)'') was first introduced by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in his classification of plants that appeared in his ''Eléments de botanique'', 1694. Insofar as a general definition of a class is available, it has historically been conceived as embracing taxa that combine a distinct ''grade'' of organization—i.e. a 'level of complexity', measured in terms of how differentiated their organ systems are into distinct regions or sub-organs—with a distinct ''type'' of construction, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demospongiae
Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges. Some species, in particular from the Antarctic, obtain the silica for spicule building from the ingestion of siliceous diatoms. The many diverse orders in this class include all of the large sponges. Most are marine dwellers, but one order (Spongillida) live in freshwater environments. Some species are brightly colored, with great variety in body shape; the largest species are over ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Walker De Laubenfels
Max Walker de Laubenfels (1894–1960) was an American spongiologist. He received his undergraduate degree from Oberlin College and his doctorate from Stanford University. He was among the most prolific identifiers of new species of Caribbean sponges, describing 60 species from 1932-1954. He was a Professor of Zoology at Oregon State College (now Oregon State University) from 1950 to 1958. Publications * , 1954 : The sponges of the west-central Pacific. Studies in zoology, no.7: 320pg. * , 1929 : The sponges of California. Dept. of Zoology. 634 pg. See also * David John de Laubenfels David John de Laubenfels or D. J. de Laubenfels (1925 – February 6, 2016) was an American botanist known as an expert on tropical conifers. See also * Max Walker de Laubenfels Max Walker de Laubenfels (1894–1960) was an American spongi ... References Spongiologists 20th-century American zoologists Oregon State University faculty 1894 births 1960 deaths {{US-zoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smenospongia Aurea
''Smenospongia aurea'' is a species of sea sponge found in the Caribbean in the class Demospongiae. The scientific name of the species was first validly published in 1875 by Alpheus Hyatt, as ''Aplysina aurea''. See also *''Smenospongia echina'' * 5-Bromo-DMT *Hallucinogenic fish Several species of fish are claimed to produce hallucinogenic effects when consumed. For example, ''Sarpa salpa'', a species of sea bream, is commonly claimed to be hallucinogenic. These widely distributed coastal fish are normally found in t ... References Dictyoceratida Animals described in 1875 {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-Bromo-DMT
5-Bromo-DMT (5-bromo-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine) is a psychedelic brominated indole alkaloid found in the sponges ''Smenospongia aurea'' and ''Smenospongia echina'', as well as in ''Verongula rigida'' (0.00142% dry weight) alongside 5,6-Dibromo-DMT (0.35% dry weight) and seven other alkaloids. It is the 5- bromo derivative of DMT, a psychedelic found in many plants and animals. 5-Bromo-DMT has a pEC50 value of 5.51 for the 5-HT2A receptor. Animal studies on 5-Bromo-DMT showed that it produces effects suggestive of sedative and antidepressant activity and caused significant reduction of locomotor activity in the rodent FST model. 5-Bromo-DMT was reported to be psychoactive at 20–50 mg via vaporization with mild psychedelic-like activity. Legality 5-Bromo-DMT is specifically listed as a controlled drug in Singapore. Related compounds * 5-Chloro-αMT * 5-Fluoro-AMT * 5-Fluoro-DMT * Convolutindole A * Desformylflustrabromine * Plakohypaphorine Plakohypaphorines a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallucinogenic Fish
Several species of fish are claimed to produce hallucinogenic effects when consumed. For example, ''Sarpa salpa'', a species of sea bream, is commonly claimed to be hallucinogenic. These widely distributed coastal fish are normally found in the Mediterranean and around Spain, and along the west and south coasts of Africa. Occasionally they are found in British waters. They may induce hallucinogenic effects similar to LSD if eaten. However, based on the reports of exposure they are more likely to resemble hallucinogenic effects of deliriants than the effects of serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD. In 2006, two men who apparently ate the fish experienced hallucinations lasting for several days (an effect common with some naturally occurring deliriants). The likelihood of hallucinations depends on the season. ''Sarpa salpa'' is known as "the fish that makes dreams" in Arabic. Other species claimed to be capable of producing hallucinations include several species of sea chub f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyoceratida
Dictyoceratida is an order of sponges in the subclass Ceractinomorpha containing five families. Along with the Dendroceratida, it is one of the two orders of demosponges that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges, in which a mineral skeleton is minimal or absent and a skeleton of organic fibers containing spongin, a collagen Collagen () is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix found in the body's various connective tissues. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35% of the whol ...-like material, is present instead. References External links Sponge orders {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
