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5-bromo-DMT
5-Bromo-DMT (5-bromo-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine) is a psychedelic brominated indole alkaloid found in the sponges '' Smenospongia aurea'' and '' Smenospongia echina'', as well as in '' Verongula rigida'' (0.00142% dry weight) alongside 5,6-Dibromo-DMT (0.35% dry weight) and seven other alkaloids. It is the 5- bromo derivative of DMT, a psychedelic found in many plants and animals. 5-Bromo-DMT has a pEC50 value of 5.51 for the 5-HT2A receptor. Animal studies on 5-Bromo-DMT showed that it produces effects suggestive of sedative and antidepressant activity and caused significant reduction of locomotor activity in the rodent FST model. 5-Bromo-DMT was reported to be psychoactive at 20–50 mg via vaporization with mild psychedelic-like activity. Legality 5-Bromo-DMT is specifically listed as a controlled drug in Singapore. Related compounds * 5-Chloro-αMT * 5-Fluoro-AMT * 5-Fluoro-DMT * Convolutindole A * Desformylflustrabromine * Plakohypaphorine Plakohypaphorines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smenospongia Aurea
''Smenospongia aurea'' is a species of sea sponge found in the Caribbean in the class (biology), class Demospongiae. The scientific name of the species was first validly published in 1875 by Alpheus Hyatt, as ''Aplysina aurea''. See also *''Smenospongia echina'' *5-Bromo-DMT *Hallucinogenic fish References Dictyoceratida Animals described in 1875 {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smenospongia Echina
''Smenospongia echina'' is a species of sea sponge in the class Demospongiae. The scientific name of the species was first validly published in 1934 by Max Walker de Laubenfels, as ''Polyfibrospongia echina''.Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1934). New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 91(17): 1-28. page(s): 25-26 See also *''Smenospongia aurea'' *5-Bromo-DMT *Hallucinogenic fish Several species of fish are claimed to produce hallucinogenic effects when consumed. For example, ''Sarpa salpa'', a species of sea bream, is commonly claimed to be hallucinogenic. These widely distributed coastal fish are normally found in t ... References Dictyoceratida Animals described in 1934 {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verongula Rigida
''Verongula rigida'' is a sponge species in the class Demospongiae. The scientific name of the species was first validly published in 1794 by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper, as ''Spongia rigida''. See also *5-Bromo-DMT * 5-6-Dibromo-DMT *Hallucinogenic fish Several species of fish are claimed to produce hallucinogenic effects when consumed. For example, ''Sarpa salpa'', a species of sea bream, is commonly claimed to be hallucinogenic. These widely distributed coastal fish are normally found in t ... References rigida Animals described in 1794 {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5,6-Dibromo-DMT
5,6-Dibromo-DMT (5,6-Dibromo-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine, 5,6-Br-DMT) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid found in some marine sponges. It is briefly mentioned in Alexander Shulgin's book ''TiHKAL'' (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved) under the DMT entry and is stated to be found, along with other tryptamines, in ''Smenospongia aurea'' and other sponges. See also * 5,6-Dibromo-N-methyltryptamine * 6-Bromotryptamine *5-Bromo-DMT 5-Bromo-DMT (5-bromo-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine) is a psychedelic brominated indole alkaloid found in the sponges '' Smenospongia aurea'' and '' Smenospongia echina'', as well as in '' Verongula rigida'' (0.00142% dry weight) alongside 5,6-D ... References Tryptamine alkaloids Bromoarenes Dimethylamino compounds {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convolutindole A
Convolutindole A (2,4,6-tribromo-1,7-dimethoxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine) is a brominated tryptamine alkaloid that was first identified in 2001 in '' Amathia convoluta'', a marine bryozoan. Bryozoans are aquatic invertebrates that grow in colonies and may resemble coral. Chemistry Convolutamine A is the 2,4,6-tribromo-1,7-dimethoxy derivative of DMT, a hallucinogen that occurs naturally in many plants and animals. Convolutamine A is chemically related to 5-bromo-DMT which also occurs in many marine invertebrates. Until the discovery of convolutindole A, the 1-methoxyindole moiety was unknown in the marine world. 1-Methoxyindoles, such as lespedamine, were previously only known to occur in legumes and the Brassicaceae, the plant family that cabbage and mustard belong to. Biological activity This chemical was tested for its ability to kill parasitic nematodes. It was found to be more effective than levamisole, a synthetic drug used to kill parasitic worms and to treat colon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromide
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br−) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table. Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains. Although uncommon, chronic toxicity from bromide can result in bromism, a syndrome with multiple neurological symptoms. Bromide toxicity can also cause a type of skin eruption, see potassium bromide. The bromide ion has an ionic radius of 196 pm. Natural occurrence Bromide is present in typical seawater (35 PSU) with a concentration of around 65 mg/L, which is about 0.2% of all dissolved salts. Seafood and deep sea plants generally have higher levels than land-derived foods. Bromargyrite—natural, crystalline silver bromide—is the most common bromide mineral known but is still very rare. In addition to silver, bromine is also in minerals combined with mercury and copper. Formation and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-Fluoro-AMT
5-Fluoro-α-methyltryptamine (5-Fluoro-αMT, 5F-AMT), also known as PAL-544, is a putative stimulant, entactogen, and psychedelic tryptamine derivative related to α-methyltryptamine (αMT). It has been found to act as a well-balanced serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent, a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, and a potent and specific MAO-A inhibitor. which suggests that 5-fluoro-αMT could be an active psychedelic in humans, although it is not known to have been tested in humans and could be dangerous due to its strong inhibition of MAO-A. See also * 5-Chloro-αMT * 5-Fluoro-AET 5-Fluoro-α-ethyltryptamine (5-F-AET) is a tryptamine Tryptamine is an indolamine metabolite of the essential amino acid, tryptophan. The chemical structure is defined by an indole ─ a fused benzene and pyrrole ring, and a 2-aminoethyl gr ... * 5-Fluoro-DMT * 6-Fluoro-AMT * 7-Chloro-AMT * 7-Methyl-αET * Flucindole * 5-API (PAL-571) References Further reading * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Tryptamines
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips").Pollan, Michael (2018). ''How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence'' Sometimes, they are called classic hallucinogens, serotonergic hallucinogens, or serotonergic psychedelics, and the term ''psychedelics'' is used more broadly to include all hallucinogens; this article uses the narrower definition of ''psychedelics''. Psychedelics cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and often a substantially altered state of consciousness.Leary, Timothy; Metzner, Ralph (1964). ''The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on The Tibetan Book of the Dead'' Psychedelic states are often compared to meditative, psychodynamic or transcendental types of alterations of mind. The "classical" psychedelics, the psyc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Sources Of Psychoactive Drugs
Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generations. Another major theme is evolution, which explains the unity and diversity of life. Energy processing is also important to life as it allows organisms to move, grow, and reproduce. Finally, all organisms are able to regulate their own internal environments. Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization, from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations.Based on definition from: Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use. Like other scientists, biologists use the scientific meth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plakohypaphorine
Plakohypaphorines are halogenated indolic non-proteinogenic amino acids named for their similarity to hypaphorine (''N,N,N''-trimethyltryptophan). First reported in the Caribbean sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate throug ... ''Plakortis simplex'' in 2003, plakohypaphorines A-C were the first iodine-containing indoles to be discovered in nature. Plakohypaphorines D-F, also found in ''P. simplex'', were reported in 2004 by a group including the researchers who discovered the original plakohypaphorines. References *Taglialatela-Scafati Orazio et al., 2003. ''Plakohypaphorines A-C, Iodine-Containing Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge'' Plakortis simplex. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2003(2), pp. 284–287. *Borrelli, Francesca, et al., 2004. ''Iodinated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
