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Simo Häyhä
Simo Häyhä (; 17December 1905 1April 2002), often referred to by his nickname, The White Death ( fi, Valkoinen kuolema; russian: Белая смерть, Belaya smert’), was a Finnish military sniper in World War II during the 1939–1940 Winter War against the Soviet Union. He used a Finnish-produced M/28-30 (a variant of the Mosin–Nagant rifle) and a Suomi KP/-31 submachine gun. He is believed to have killed over 500 enemy soldiers during the Winter War, the highest number of sniper kills in any major war. Because of this he is often considered as the deadliest sniper of all time. Häyhä estimated in his private war memoir that he shot around 500 Soviet soldiers. The memoir, titled (''War memoirs''), was written in 1940, a few months after he was wounded, and described his experiences in the Winter War from 30 November 1939 to 13 March 1940. Hidden for decades, the memoir was discovered in 2017. Early life and youth Häyhä was born in the Kiiskinen hamlet of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rautjärvi
Rautjärvi () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It is located in the provinces of Finland, province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia regions of Finland, region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . More than half of Rautjärvi's residents live in Simpele, the administrative center of municipality. The neighboring municipalities of Rautjärvi are Parikkala and Ruokolahti, while to the east is the Finnish–Russian border, Russian border. The municipality is unilingually Finnish language, Finnish. Rautjärvi is mostly well-known as the birthplace of legendary sniper Simo Häyhä, a hero of the Winter War of World War II. History The municipality of Rautjärvi was founded in the year of 1861. A few years prior in 1859, the Rautjärvi parish had founded an independent church. After the Winter War ended with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty on March 12, 1940, al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aarne Juutilainen
Aarne Edward Juutilainen (; 18 October 1904 – 28 October 1976), nicknamed "The Terror of Morocco", was a Finnish army captain who served in the French Foreign Legion in Morocco between 1930 and 1935. After returning to Finland, he served in the Finnish army and became a national hero in the Battle of Kollaa during the Winter War with the Soviet Union; with his relentless fighting spirit, he rose to legendary status on the war front. He was wounded three times during World War II. Early life Juutilainen was born in Sortavala on 18 October 1904. His parents were railway clerk Tuomas Juutilainen and Helmi Sofia Juutilainen née Kauppinen. His brother was Ilmari Juutilainen, later better known as flying ace during the wars.JUUTILAISEN VELJEKSET ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utti
Utti is a village in Valkeala, since 2009 a part of Kouvola, Finland. In 1918 General Carl Gustaf Mannerheim set up the first Finnish Air Force base in the village. Today, Utti is best known for the Utti Jaeger Regiment, a helicopter base and a training ground for special forces and military police, and civilian skydiving recreational activities. History The name of Utti is derived from the Swedish male given name ''Udde''. Utti was first mentioned in 1708 as a division of the village of Haimila within the Valkeala parish, but a farm named ''Utti'' has existed since the 16th century. In 1789 the Battle of Utti took place there between Swedish and Russian forces. The Utti Jaeger Regiment was formed in 1997. After the disestablishment of the Valkeala municipality in 2009, Utti became a part of Kouvola Kouvola () is a cities of Finland, city and Municipalities of Finland, municipality in southeastern Finland. It is located along the Kymijoki, Kymijoki River in the Regions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg
Zelenogorsk (russian: Зеленого́рск), officially known as Terijoki prior to 1948 (a name still used in Finnish and Swedish), is a administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg, municipal town in Kurortny District of the federal cities of Russia, federal city of Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia, located in part of the Karelian Isthmus on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Population: It has a station on the St. Petersburg-Vyborg railroad. It is located about northwest of central Saint Petersburg. History From 1323 to 1721 the Zelenogorsk area was a part of Sweden. It was ceded to Russia in 1721, becoming "Old Finland", which again was united with the Grand-Duchy of Finland in 1811. Until 1917, Terijoki was part of the Grand-Duchy of Finland, ruled by the Grand Dukes of Finland, who were the List of Russian rulers, Tsars of Russia, (1812–1917). Even though all of Finland was part of the Russian Empire, a customs border was located at Terijoki. A val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roshchino, Leningrad Oblast
Roshchino (russian: Ро́щино; fi, Raivola), Raivola before 1948, is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, and a station on the Saint Petersburg-Vyborg railroad. It is situated on the Karelian Isthmus northwest of St. Petersburg, approximately halfway to Vyborg. Population: In the wooded areas surrounding Roshchino there are multiple marshes and small lakes. Lintula larch forest is located some to the west from the railroad station. History Raivola was first shown on maps of Finland in the 16th century. After 1812 it was under jurisdiction of Grand Duchy of Finland being part of Russian Empire, a part of Viipuri Province. The mixed Russian-Finnish population of the area was engaged in agriculture. Around 1802 count Saltykov resettled some 609 of his subjects from Oryol Governorate to the area to meet growing manpower demands for his iron works; in addition to the iron foundry maps of mid-19th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscription In Finland
Conscription in Finland is part of a general compulsion for national military service for all adult males ( fi, maanpuolustusvelvollisuus; sv, totalförsvarsplikt) defined in the section 127 of the Constitution of Finland. Conscription can take the form of military or of civilian service. According to Finnish Defence Forces 2011 data, slightly under 80% of Finnish males turned 30 had entered and finished the military service. The number of female volunteers to annually enter armed service had stabilized at approximately 300. The service period is 165 days, 255 days, or 347 days for the rank and file conscripts and 347 days for conscripts trained as NCOs or reserve officers. The length of civilian service is always twelve months. Those electing to serve unarmed in duties where unarmed service is possible serve either nine or twelve months, depending on their training. Any Finnish citizen who refuses to perform both military and civilian service faces a penalty of 173 days in p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Guard (Finland)
The White Guard or Civil Guard (, ; ; ) was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. They were generally known as the "White Guard" in the West due to their opposition to the "communist" Red Guards. In the White Army of Finland many participants were recruits, draftees and German-trained Jägers – rather than part of the paramilitary. The central organization was named the White Guard Organization, and the organization consisted of local chapters in municipalities. The Russian revolution of 1905 led to social and political unrest and a breakdown of security in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Russian Tsar. Citizen militias formed as a response, but soon these would be transformed along political (left-right) lines. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent independence of Finland (declared in December 1917) also caused conflicts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simo Hayha Joven
Simo or SIMO may refer to: People * Simo (given name), a given name * Simo (surname), a surname * Simone "Simo" Teti, of Paris & Simo * Simo (footballer) (Wassim Keddari Boulif), Spanish footballer nicknamed ''Simo'' Other uses * SIMO (band), an American rock band formed in 2010 * Simo (society), a secret society in West Africa * ''Simo'' (weevil), a beetle genus in the tribe Peritelini * Simo, Finland, a municipality of Finland * SIMO TCI (''Salón Internacional de Mobiliario de Oficina / Tecnologías de la Comunicación e Información''), an annual trade fair in Spain * Simo (Single input, multiple outputs), a characterization of control systems in system analysis * Silicon Motion, a semiconductor and solid-state drive manufacturer traded as SIMO See also * * Simon (given name) Simon is a common name, from Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן '' Šimʻôn'', meaning "listen" or "hearing". It is also a classical Greek name, deriving from an adjective meaning "flat-nosed". In the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pervomayskoye, Leningrad Oblast
Pervomayskoye (russian: Первома́йское; fi, Kivennapa) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus, northwest of St. Petersburg. It serves as the administrative center of Pervomayskoye Settlement Municipal Formation—an administrative division of the district—as well as of Pervomayskoye Rural Settlement, which that administrative division is municipally incorporated as. Population: 4,469 ( 2010 Census); 4,496 ( 2002 Census). Prior to 1944, Pervomayskoye was a part of Finland. It was then known as Kivennapa. History The name of Kivennapa seems to come from an old Scandinavian term for a border fortification, ''kivo näb'', but the foreign term was soon corrupted by the locals into ''Kivennapa'', meaning "rock's navel". The first mention of the settlement comes from 1445 as ''Kiwinapa'', when it was likely already a separate parish. Before that, Kivennapa was a part of the Muolaa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched the Reformation, Protestant Reformation. The reaction of the government and church authorities to the international spread of his writings, beginning with the ''Ninety-five Theses'', divided Western Christianity. During the Reformation, Lutheranism became the state religion of numerous states of northern Europe, especially in northern Germany, Scandinavia and the then-Livonian Order. Lutheran clergy became civil servants and the Lutheran churches became part of the state. The split between the Lutherans and the Roman Catholics was made public and clear with the 1521 Edict of Worms: the edicts of the Diet (assembly), Diet condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memoir
A memoir (; , ) is any nonfiction narrative writing based in the author's personal memories. The assertions made in the work are thus understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autobiography since the late 20th century, the genre is differentiated in form, presenting a narrowed focus. A biography or autobiography tells the story "of a life", while a memoir often tells the story of a particular event or time, such as touchstone moments and turning points from the author's life. The author of a memoir may be referred to as a memoirist or a memorialist. Early memoirs Memoirs have been written since the ancient times, as shown by Julius Caesar's ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'', also known as ''Commentaries on the Gallic Wars''. In the work, Caesar describes the battles that took place during the nine years that he spent fighting local armies in the Gallic Wars. His second memoir, ''Commentarii de Bello Civili'' (or ''Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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