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Silvestras Leonas
Silvestras Leonas (1894–1959) was a Lithuanian military officer. After serving in the Russian Imperial Army during World War I, Leonas joined the Lithuanian Army and fought in the Lithuanian Wars of Independence. He completed law studies at the University of Lithuania and worked as a judge. In 1934–1935, he presided over the Military Tribunal trial of Neumann–Sass that involved 122 defendants accused of anti-Lithuanian activities. From March 1938 to March 1939, he was Minister of Internal Affairs in the government of Prime Minister Vladas Mironas. In 1944, Leonas was arrested by the NKVD and imprisoned in a Gulag camp. He returned to Lithuania in 1956. Biography Leonas was born on 15 January 1894 to a family of Lithuanian farmers. After graduation from the Second Men's Gymnasium in Vilnius, he continued to study at the Moscow University and Kharkiv University but was drafted to the Russian Imperial Army in May 1916. He completed military courses in Chuhuiv and was promot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Internal Affairs (Lithuania)
The Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublikos vidaus reikalų ministerija) is charged with the oversight of public safety, border protection, migration control, emergency response, public administration and governance, the civil service, and local and regional development initiatives. Its operations are authorized by the Constitution, Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, decrees issued by the President of Lithuania, President and Prime Minister of Lithuania, Prime Minister, and laws passed by the Seimas (Parliament). The current head of the ministry is Agnė Bilotaitė. History In 1918, after the formation of the first Government of Lithuania, the Ministry of the Interior was also established. The ministry operated in Kaunas until 1940, when Soviet invasion of the Baltics occurred. On 26 August 1940, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was established, which, on 14 March 1946, becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Lithuania
Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) ( lt, Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas (VDU)) is a public university in Kaunas, Lithuania. The university was founded in 1922 during the interwar period as an alternate national university. Initially it was known as the University of Lithuania, but in 1930 the university was renamed to ''Vytautas Magnus University'', commemorating the 500th anniversary of the death of the Lithuanian ruler Vytautas the Great, who is known for the nation's greatest historical expansion in the 15th century. It is one of the leading universities of Lithuania, and has about 8,800 students, including Master's students and Ph.D. candidates. There are a little over 1000 employees, including approximately 90 professors. History Establishment of University The beginnings of higher education in Lithuania go back to the 16th century when in 1579 the college founded by Jesuits in Vilnius became a higher school of education – ''Academia et Universitas Vilnensis''. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Higher Officers' Courses
The Higher Officers' Courses ( lt, Aukštieji karininkų kursai) were military courses for senior officers of the Lithuanian Army in 1921–1940. Junior officers were prepared by the War School of Kaunas. In July 1923, the courses were named after Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, who commanded Lithuanian forces in the 1410 Battle of Grunwald. The courses were established after the Lithuanian Wars of Independence. Due to difficult post-war conditions, the new school lacked qualified lecturers and teaching materials but steadily grew and improved. The courses grew by adding specialized sections for artillery officers (1923) and physical education instructors (1924) as well as merging previously independent courses for military technicians and aviators in 1927. In total, Higher Officers' Courses prepared 704 officers. In addition, the courses organized several one-time courses in specialized military fields, e.g. topography, military administration, machine gun operation, etc. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)
The 8th Infantry Regiment (), later the 8th Infantry Regiment of the Duke of Kaunas Vaidotas () was an infantry regiment that served in the Lithuanian Army during the Interwar period. 1919 The regiment was founded on 12 May 1919 as the Ukmergė Infantry Battalion (). From August to December 1919, the battalion fought against the Bolshevik Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ... from Salakas to Daugpilis. On December 10, the battalion was reorganized into the 8th Regiment. 1920 On 16 February 1920, the regiment was given the name of Vaidotas, the Duke of Kaunas. Soon thereafter, on February 21–23, the regiment quelled the Mutiny of the Kaunas garrison. Thereafter, the regiment guarded the demarcation line with Poland. In July and August 1920, two of the 8th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Railway Troops
Railway Troops of the Russian Armed Forces (russian: Железнодорожные войска ВС РоссииСм. сведения о постоянных корреспондентах газеты « Красная звезда» в выходных данных на С. 2. каждого еженедельного выпуск и др.) are a railway troops service in the Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces. They are involved in ensuring the defense of Russia. Railway Troops perform the tasks of rail services (preparation, construction, reconstruction and protection of the objects of railways). It is the oldest such force in the world, established in 1851, as a unit in the engineering corps of the Imperial Russian Army. The professional holiday of the Troops is celebrated on August 6. History Railway Troops were first established August 6, 1851 by decree of Emperor Nicholas I. In accordance with the document "Regulations on the Management of St. Petersburg – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podporuchik
''Podporuchik'' ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, потпоручник, potporučnik, cs, podporučík, pl, podporucznik, russian: подпору́чик, bg, подпоручик, sk, podporučík) is the most Junior officer in some Slavic armed forces, and is placed below the rank of Lieutenant, typically corresponding to rank of second lieutenant in anglophone countries. Russia and Russian imperial armed forces The rank was introduced first by Peter the Great in 1703 as an officer rank of the so-called ober-officer rank group. It belonged to rank class XIII (infantry), class XII (artillery, and engineer troops), and class X (guards) until 1884. In line with the military reforms in 1884, became in peace time. However, in the guards and the cossacks armed forces Cornet and Chorąży remained the lowest officer rank. The equivalent to was Michman in the Imperial Russian Navy, and governmental secretary (russian: губернский секретарь, gubernsky sekretar) in the civil a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praporshchik
( rus, Пра́порщик, 3=ˈprapərɕːɪk, ) is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to in navies. It is usually equivalent to Warrant officer class 1 or Sergeant major in English speaking armies. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OR-7 or OR-8. Russia is a rank in the Russian military, also used in other uniformed services of the Russian government such as the police. It was a junior officer rank in Imperial Russia, but was abolished following the Russian Revolution. In 1940, the rank was restored as a separate career group between non-commissioned officers and officers. Imperial Russia was originally an Oberoffizer rank, in line to the Table of Ranks class XII/XIII in the Imperial Russian Army equivalent to of the Imperial Russian Navy and classified as junior officer rank. It was first introduced in Streltsy New Regiments. The name originates from Slav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuhuiv
Chuhuiv ( uk, Чугуїв) or Chuguev (russian: Чугуев) is a city in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. The city is the administrative center of Chuhuiv Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Chuhuiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Chuhuiv's food industry focuses on producing mayonnaise along with other staple supporting condiments. History The City's founding date is disputed with historical assertions ranging from 1540 to 1627. Some academics believe that the city was built upon the orders Russia's first Tsar Ivan the Terrible who reigned from 1547 to 1584. A military fort was built adjacent to the city in 1638 by Ukrainian Cossacks of Yakiv Ostryanyn (see Ostryanyn uprising) on the order of Muscovite Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. A military presence of some form near Chuhuiv has remained ever since. The Chuguev uprising of 1819 was a revolt of military settlers. During the government of the Soviet Union, the base became an important military training center. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kharkiv University
The Kharkiv University or Karazin University ( uk, Каразінський університет), or officially V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University ( uk, Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна), is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. It was founded in 1804 through the efforts of Vasily Karazin becoming the second oldest university in modern-day Ukraine. History Russian Empire On , the Decree on the Opening of the Imperial University in Kharkiv came into force. The university became the second university in the south of the Russian Empire. It was founded on the initiative of the local community with Vasily Karazin at the fore, whose idea was supported by the nobility and the local authorities. Count Seweryn Potocki was appointed the first supervisor of the university, the first rector being the philologist and philosopher Ivan Rizhsky. In 1811 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious university in the country. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches (including five foreign ones in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries). Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner had been affiliated with the university. The university was ranked 18th by ''The Three University Missions Ranking'' in 2022, and 76th by the ''QS World University Rankings'' in 2022, #293 in the world by the global ''Times Higher World University Rankings'', and #326 by '' U.S. News & World Report'' in 2022. It was the highest-ranking Russian educational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urban area, which stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 718,507 (as of 2020), while according to the Vilnius territorial health insurance fund, there were 753,875 permanent inhabitants as of November 2022 in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined. Vilnius is situated in southeastern Lithuania and is the second-largest city in the Baltic states, but according to the Bank of Latvia is expected to become the largest before 2025. It is the seat of Lithuania's national government and the Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius is known for the architecture in its Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The city was noted for its multicultural population already in the time of the Polish–Lithuanian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulag
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in charge of the Soviet network of forced labour camps which were set up by order of Vladimir Lenin, reaching its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the early 1950s. English-language speakers also use the word ''gulag'' in reference to each of the forced-labor camps that existed in the Soviet Union, including the camps that existed in the post-Lenin era. The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. The camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, a large number of whom were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas or other instruments of extrajudicial punishment. In 1918–22, the agency was administered by the Cheka, follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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