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Siege Of Baghdad (1733)
The siege of Baghdad (1733) was a relatively short but intense siege of Ottoman-held Baghdad by the Persian army under Nader. The outcome was determined not at Baghdad but ultimately far to the north near Samara where a large relief force commanded by the Topal Pasha inflicted a decisive defeat on Nader's Persian army (the only battlefield defeat of Nader's career). The Persian besiegers were forced away with the loss of most of their equipment and saving a much exhausted garrison desperate for relief. Commencement of the siege Ahmad Pasha, the governor of the Baghdad Eyalat, cautiously held to the left bank of the Tigris knowing what a formidable barrier it posed to the invading Persian army. Nader camped on the east side and resorted to a ruse whereby he would fool the Ottomans by keeping a large portion of his men in and around the camp but only to gather a small hand-picked group of soldiers to march north under the cover of night. On February 15 Nader crossed the Tigri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Agh-Darband
The Battle of Kirkuk (Persian: نبرد کرکوک), also known as the Battle of Agh-Darband (Persian: نبرد آقدربند), was the last battle in Nader Shah's Mesopotamian campaign where he avenged his earlier defeat at the hands of the Ottoman general Topal Osman Pasha, in which Nader achieved suitable revenge after defeating and killing him at the battle of Kirkuk. The battle was another in the chain of seemingly unpredictable triumphs and tragedies for both sides as the war swung wildly from the favour of one side to the other. Although the battle ended in a crushing victory for the Persians, they had to be withdrawn from the area due to a growing rebellion in the south of Persia led by Mohammad Khan Baluch. This rebellion in effect robbed Nader of the strategic benefits of his great victory which would have included the capture of Baghdad, if he had the chance to resume his campaign. Background The defeat Nader had conceded at the Battle of Samara had effects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving Safavid Iran
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sieges Of Baghdad
There have been at least 8 major sieges of Baghdad. {{Empty section, date=March 2022 Abbasid caliphate *In 812, Caliph Al Ma'mun sent his general ''Tahir ibn Husayn'' to capture Baghdad and depose his brother Caliph Al Amin. The siege was successful; Taher captured the city and executed the caliph. *The Siege of Baghdad (1136) by the Seljuks *The Siege of Baghdad (1157) in which the Seljuqs of Hamadan along with the Zengid of Mosul unsuccessfully besieged Baghdad. *The Siege of Baghdad (1258) was a victory for the Mongol leader Hulagu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan. who captured Baghdad and burnt it to the ground. Ottoman Empire *In 1534 Ottoman sultan Suleyman I (the Magnificent) captured the city (see Capture of Baghdad (1534)) *In 1624 Abbas I of Persia (Saffavid dynasty) captured the city (see Capture of Baghdad (1624)) *In 1638 Ottoman sultan Murat IV recaptured the city (see Capture of Baghdad (1638)) Modern era *The Fall of Baghdad (1917) in which the British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman History Of Baghdad
Ottoman is the Turkish spelling of the Arabic masculine given name Uthman ( ar, عُثْمان, ‘uthmān). It may refer to: Governments and dynasties * Ottoman Caliphate, an Islamic caliphate from 1517 to 1924 * Ottoman Empire, in existence from 1299 to 1922 ** Ottoman dynasty, ruling family of the Ottoman Empire *** Osmanoğlu family, modern members of the family * Ottoman architecture Ethnicities and languages * Ottoman Armenians, the Armenian ethnic group in the Ottoman Empire * Ottoman Greeks, the Greek ethnic group in the Ottoman Empire * Ottoman Serbs, the Serbian ethnic group in the Ottoman Empire * Ottoman Turks, the Turkic ethnic group in the Ottoman Empire ** Ottoman Turkish alphabet ** Ottoman Turkish language, the variety of the Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire Products * Ottoman bed, a type of storage bed * Ottoman (furniture), padded stool or footstool * Ottoman (textile), fabric with a pronounced ribbed or corded effect, often made of silk or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1733 In Iran
Events January–March * January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX. * January 27 – George Frideric Handel's classic opera, ''Orlando'' is performed for the first time, making its debut at the King's Theatre in London. * February 12 – British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. * March 21 – The Molasses Act is passed by British House of Commons, which reinforces the negative opinions of the British by American colonists. The Act then goes to the House of Lords, which consents to it on May 4 and it receives royal assent on May 17. * March 25 – English replaces Latin and Law French as the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730. April–June * April 6 – **After British Prime Minister Robert Walpole's proposed excise tax bill results in rioting over the impositi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1733 In The Ottoman Empire
Events January–March * January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX. * January 27 – George Frideric Handel's classic opera, ''Orlando'' is performed for the first time, making its debut at the King's Theatre in London. * February 12 – British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. * March 21 – The Molasses Act is passed by British House of Commons, which reinforces the negative opinions of the British by American colonists. The Act then goes to the House of Lords, which consents to it on May 4 and it receives royal assent on May 17. * March 25 – English replaces Latin and Law French as the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730. April–June * April 6 – **After British Prime Minister Robert Walpole's proposed excise tax bill results in rioting over the impositi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1733 In Military History
Events January–March * January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX. * January 27 – George Frideric Handel's classic opera, ''Orlando'' is performed for the first time, making its debut at the King's Theatre in London. * February 12 – British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. * March 21 – The Molasses Act is passed by British House of Commons, which reinforces the negative opinions of the British by American colonists. The Act then goes to the House of Lords, which consents to it on May 4 and it receives royal assent on May 17. * March 25 – English replaces Latin and Law French as the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730. April–June * April 6 – **After British Prime Minister Robert Walpole's proposed excise tax bill results in rioting over the imposition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)
The Ottoman–Persian War was a conflict between the forces of the Safavid Empire and those of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1735. After Ottoman support had failed to keep the Ghilzai Afghan invaders on the Persian throne, the Ottoman possessions in western Persia, which were granted to them by the Hotaki dynasty, came under risk of re-incorporation into the newly resurgent Persian Empire. The talented Safavid general, Nader, gave the Ottomans an ultimatum to withdraw, which the Ottomans chose to ignore. A series of campaigns followed, with each side gaining the upper hand in a succession of tumultuous events that spanned half a decade. Finally, the Persian victory at Yeghevard made the Ottomans sue for peace and recognize Persian territorial integrity and Persian hegemony over the Caucasus. Events In the spring of 1730, Nader attacked the Ottomans and regained most of the territory lost during the collapse of the Safavid Empire in the late 1720s. The Abdali Afghans whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Axworthy
Michael George Andrew Axworthy (26 September 1962 – 16 March 2019) was a British academic, author, and commentator. He was the head of the Iran section at the British Foreign & Commonwealth Office between 1998 and 2000. Personal life and family Michael Axworthy was born in Woking on 26 September 1962. He spent his childhood in West Kirby, Radyr, Ilkley and Chester, where he attended The King's School, Chester, The King's School. Axworthy visited Iran frequently during holidays as a teenager because his father, Ifor, was involved in a project there with the Midland Bank. He recalled leaving the capital, Tehran, around September 1978 soon after the first large demonstrations against the Iranian Revolution, soon-to-be-deposed Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, had taken place in the city. While studying history at Peterhouse, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, in the 1980s, Axworthy was greatly influenced by historians and other academics with interests in the history of id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topal Osman Pasha
Topal Osman Pasha (1663–1733) was an Ottoman military officer and administrator. A capable man, he rose to the rank of ''beylerbey'' by the age of 24 and served as general against the Venetians and the Habsburg monarchy and as governor in several provinces. His career eventually brought his appointment to the position of Grand Vizier in 1731–32. After his dismissal, he was sent to a provincial governorship, but was soon recalled to lead the Ottoman troops in the Ottoman–Persian War of 1730–35. He succeeded in defeating Nader Shah and saving Baghdad in 1732, but clashed with Nader for a second time the next year and was decisively beaten in the Battle of Kirkuk (1733), in which he lost his life. Life Osman was born ca. 1663 in the Morea (Peloponnese) peninsula to TurkishYaşaroğlu, Kamil "Osman Paşa (Topal)" (1999) ''Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi'', İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. C.2 s.414 (in Turkish) parents. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nader's Campaigns
The campaigns of Nader Shah, or the Naderian Wars, were a series of conflicts fought in the early to mid-eighteenth century throughout Central Eurasia primarily by the Iranian conqueror Nader Shah. His campaigns originated from the overthrow of the Iranian Safavid dynasty by the Hotaki Afghans. In the ensuing collapse and fragmentation of the empire after the capture of the Iranian capital of Isfahan by the Afghans, a claimant to the Safavid throne, Tahmasp II, accepted Nader (who was no more than a petty warlord in Khorasan) into his service. After having subdued north-west Iran as well as neutralising the Abdali Afghans to the east as well as turning Tahmasp II into a vassal, Nader marched against the Hotaki Afghans in occupation of the rest of the country. In a series of incredible victories the Afghans were decimated and Tahmasp II returned to the throne as a restored Safavid monarch. In the aftermath of the Safavid restoration Nader campaigned in the western and northern r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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