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Shungura Formation
The Shungura Formation is a stratigraphic formation located in the Omo River (Ethiopia), Omo river basin in Ethiopia. It dates to the Pliocene, Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. Oldowan tools have been found in the formation, suggesting early use of stone tools by hominins. Among many others, fossils of ''Panthera'' were found in Member G of the formation.Sabol, 2011, p.230 Geology The formation comprises sandstones, siltstones, claystones and tuff, deposited in a fluvial to river delta, deltaic lacustrine depositional environment, environment. Paleobiota Fossil content Among many others, the following fossils have been reported from the formation: Mammals Chiroptera * ''Hipposideros'' ** ''Hipposideros, Hipposideros kaumbului'' * ''Taphozous'' ** ''Taphozous, Taphozous abitus'' Rodents * ''Aethomys, Aethomys deheinzelini'' * ''Arvicanthis, Arvicanthis sp.'' * ''Acomys, Acomys sp.'' * ''Gerbillus, Gerbillus sp.'' * ''Heterocephalus, Heterocephalus atikoi'' * ''Jac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics ( lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by Abraham Gottlob Wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oldowan
The Oldowan (or Mode I) was a widespread stone tool archaeological industry (style) in prehistory. These early tools were simple, usually made with one or a few flakes chipped off with another stone. Oldowan tools were used during the Lower Paleolithic period, 2.6 million years ago up until at least 1.7 million years ago, by ancient Hominins (early humans) across much of Africa. This technological industry was followed by the more sophisticated Acheulean industry (two sites associated with ''Homo erectus'' at Gona in the Afar Region of Ethiopia dating from 1.5 and 1.26 million years ago have both Oldowan and Acheulean tools). The term ''Oldowan'' is taken from the site of Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, where the first Oldowan stone tools were discovered by the archaeologist Louis Leakey in the 1930s. However, some contemporary archaeologists and palaeoanthropologists prefer to use the term ''Mode 1'' tools to designate pebble tool industries (including Oldowan), with ''Mode 2'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arvicanthis
''Arvicanthis'' is a genus of rodent from Africa. They are commonly referred to as unstriped grass mice, unstriped grass rats, and kusu rats. Species Genus ''Arvicanthis'' - unstriped grass mice * Abyssinian grass rat, ''Arvicanthis abyssinicus'' Rüppell, 1842 *Sudanian grass rat, ''Arvicanthis ansorgei'' Thomas, 1910 * Blick's grass rat, ''Arvicanthis blicki'' Frick, 1914 *Nairobi grass rat, ''Arvicanthis nairobae'' J. A. Allen, 1909 * Neumann's grass rat, ''Arvicanthis neumanni'' Matschie, 1894 *African grass rat, ''Arvicanthis niloticus'' É. Geoffroy, 1803 * Guinean grass rat, ''Arvicanthis rufinus'' Temminck, 1853 Genetic evidence indicates that the extinct ''Canariomys ''Canariomys'' is an extinct genus of rodents (Old World rats and mice) that once existed on the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, part of the Canary Islands, Spain. These giant rats could reach a weight of about . They were herbivores; their ...'' is also nested within this genus. References *Musse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aethomys
''Aethomys'' is a genus of rodent from Africa.CHIMIMBA, CHRISTIAN T., NICO J. DIPPENAAR, and TERENCE J. ROBINSON.Morphometric and morphological delineation of southern African species of Aethomys (Rodentia: Muridae)" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67.4 (1999): 501-527. They are commonly referred to as rock rats, bush rats or rock mice. Species *Genus ''Aethomys'' **'' Aethomys bocagei'' – Bocage's rock rat (Thomas, 1904) **'' Aethomys chrysophilus'' – red rock rat (de Winton, 1897) **''Aethomys granti'' – Grant's rock rat (Wroughton, 1908) **''Aethomys hindei'' – Hinde's rock rat (Thomas, 1902) **'' Aethomys ineptus'' – Tete Veld aethomys (Thomas & Wroughton, 1908) **''Aethomys kaiseri'' – Kaiser's rock rat (Noack, 1887) **''Aethomys namaquensis'' – Namaqua rock rat (A. Smith, 1834) **''Aethomys nyikae'' – Nyika rock rat (Thomas, 1897) **''Aethomys silindensis'' – Silinda rock rat (Roberts, 1938) **''Aethomys stannarius'' – Tinfield's rock rat (Thom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taphozous
''Taphozous'' is a genus of the family Emballonuridae. The wide distribution of the genus includes several regions of Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Africa. ''Taphozous'' comes from the Greek τάφος, meaning "a tomb". The common names for species include variants on sac-winged, sheathtail, or tomb bats. The genus is the type for a grouping within the family, subfamily Taphozoinae, and an arrangement that describes two subgenera is as follows: subgenus ''Taphozous'' (''Liponycteris'') * Hamilton's tomb bat (''Taphozous hamiltoni'') * Naked-rumped tomb bat (''Taphozous nudiventris'') subgenus ''Taphozous'' (''Taphozous''), * Indonesian tomb bat (''Taphozous achates'') * Coastal sheath-tailed bat (''Taphozous australis'') * Common sheath-tailed bat (''Taphozous georgianus'') * Hildegarde's tomb bat (''Taphozous hildegardeae'') * Hill's sheath-tailed bat (''Taphozous hilli'') * Arnhem sheath-tailed bat (''Taphozous kapalgensis'') * Long-winged tomb bat (''Tapho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hipposideros
''Hipposideros'' is one of the most diverse genera of bats, with more than 70 species. They are collectively called roundleaf bats after the shape of their nasal ornament. It is the type genus of the family Hipposideridae. It is divided into species groups based on morphology. Species included in this genus are ''armiger'' species group * Great roundleaf bat, ''H. armiger'' * Lesser great leaf-nosed bat, ''H. turpis'' * Pendlebury's roundleaf bat, ''H. pendlebury'' * Ha Long roundleaf bat, ''H. alongensis'' ''bicolor'' species group *Dusky leaf-nosed bat, ''H. ater'' * Benito roundleaf bat, ''H. beatus'' * Bicolored roundleaf bat, ''H. bicolor'' * Short-headed roundleaf bat, ''H. breviceps'' * Sundevall's roundleaf bat, ''H. caffer'' * Spurred roundleaf bat, ''H. calcaratus'' *Fawn leaf-nosed bat, ''H. cervinus'' * Ashy roundleaf bat, ''H. cineraceus'' * Large Mindanao roundleaf bat, ''H. coronatus'' * Cox's roundleaf bat, ''H. coxi'' *Timor roundleaf bat, ''H. crumeniferus'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossilworks
Fossilworks is a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Pale ..., a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world. History Fossilworks was created in 1998 by John Alroy and is housed at Macquarie University. It includes many analysis and data visualization tools formerly included in the Paleobiology Database.{{cite web, title=Frequently asked questions, url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?page=FAQ, publisher=Fossilworks, access-date=17 December 2021 References {{Reflist External links {{Wikidata property, P842 * [Baidu] |
Depositional Environment
In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record. In most cases, the environments associated with particular rock types or associations of rock types can be matched to existing analogues. However, the further back in geological time sediments were deposited, the more likely that direct modern analogues are not available (e.g. banded iron formations). Types of depositional environments Continental * – type of Fluvial deposit. Caused by moving water in a fan shape (Alluvial Fan) and containing mostly impermeable and nonporous sediments well sorted. * . Often in deserts and coastal regions and well sorted, large scale cross-beds * – processes due to moving water, mainly streams. Common sediments are grav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lacustrine
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger oceans, they do form part of the Earth's water cycle. Lakes are distinct from lagoons, which are generally coastal parts of the ocean. Lakes are typically larger and deeper than ponds, which also lie on land, though there are no official or scientific definitions. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams, which usually flow in a channel on land. Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams. Natural lakes are generally found in mountainous areas, rift zones, and areas with ongoing glaciation. Other lakes are found in endorheic basins or along the courses of mature rivers, where a river channel has widened into a basin. Some parts of the world have many lakes formed by the chaotic drainage patterns left over from the last ice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Delta
A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by deposition (geology), deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water. This occurs where a river enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, or (more rarely) another river that cannot carry away the supplied sediment. It is so named because its triangle shape resembles the Greek letter Delta. The size and shape of a delta is controlled by the balance between watershed processes that supply sediment, and receiving basin processes that redistribute, sequester, and export that sediment. The size, geometry, and location of the receiving basin also plays an important role in delta evolution. River deltas are important in human civilization, as they are major agricultural production centers and population centers. They can provide Coast, coastline defense and can impact drinking water supply. They are also Ecology, ecologically important, with different species' assemblages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluvial
In geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them. When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers, ice sheets, or ice caps, the term glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial is used. Fluvial processes Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on the river bed. The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed. If the cohesive strength of the substrate is lower than the shear exerted, or the bed is composed of loose sediment which can be mobilized by such stresses, then the bed will be lowered purely by clearwater flow. In addition, if the river carries significant quantities of sediment, this material can act as tools to enhance wear of the bed ( abrasion). At the same time the fragments themselves are ground down, becoming smaller and more rounded (attrition). Sediment in rivers is transported as either bedload (the coarser fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claystone
Mudrocks are a class of fine-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. The varying types of mudrocks include siltstone, claystone, mudstone, slate, and shale. Most of the particles of which the stone is composed are less than and are too small to study readily in the field. At first sight, the rock types appear quite similar; however, there are important differences in composition and nomenclature. There has been a great deal of disagreement involving the classification of mudrocks. A few important hurdles to their classification include the following: # Mudrocks are the least understood and among the most understudied sedimentary rocks to date. # Studying mudrock constituents is difficult due to their diminutive size and susceptibility to weathering on outcrops. # And most importantly, scientists accept more than one classification scheme. Mudrocks make up 50% of the sedimentary rocks in the geologic record and are easily the most widespread deposits on Earth. Fine sedimen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
